人工智能冠状动脉CT血管成像在冠心病诊断中的应用

【摘要】目的：探讨人工智能（artificial intelligence,AI）冠状动脉CT血管成像（CCTA）在冠心病诊断中的应用价值。方法：选取本院2018年3-8月,临床疑诊为冠心病的患者50例,对所有患者常规行CCTA扫描,对上传至后处理Sigovia工作站的图像分别由两位高年资医生进行手动冠状动脉分析软件的图像处理、完成报告和由冠心病智能辅助诊断工作站的自动识别图像中的血管和病变并生成报告。评价AI在冠心病中的诊断价值。结果：冠心病诊断中,与常规高年资医生相比,AI对冠心病诊断的阳性预测值为80%,阴性预测值为70%,敏感度为80%,特异度为70%。AI对冠脉病变定位识别的敏感度和特异度分别为73.91%,82.69%。AI对冠脉病变斑块性质识别的敏感度和特异度分别为54.35%,81.73%。在冠脉病变管腔狭窄程度的诊断中,AI和高年资医生对冠脉狭窄的总检出率分别为30.67%、32%,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,AI对冠脉病变管腔狭窄程度识别的敏感度和特异度分别为60.87%,80.77%。结论：与高年资医生相比,AI辅助CCTA对冠心病的诊断具有一定的价值。     

冠状动脉MSCTA成像在冠心病诊断中的应用

目的评价多层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像对冠心病病变的临床诊断价值。方法对57例临床初诊或可疑冠心病患者行多层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像(MSCTA),并且与常规冠状动脉造影(CAG)做对照分析。结果 57例患者的228支冠脉分支中,冠脉CTA成像检出病变冠脉213支(93.4%),MSCTA诊断冠状动脉血管狭窄≥50%的均有较高的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值和准确度,分别为88%、99%、91%、98%和99%。钙化斑块组的CT值(415.2±221.1)HU明显高于非钙化斑块的CT值(68.4±47.5)HU(P<0.01)。结论 MSCTA对显示有临床意义的冠状动脉狭窄(≥50%)具有优良诊断价值,几乎可以代替有严重并发症的冠状动脉造影,能够结合密度测定判定斑块的性质,对判断冠脉斑块的稳定性具有重要的临床意义,是安全、准确、可靠的冠心病诊断方法。     

多层螺旋CT在冠心病诊断中的应用价值

冠心病是危害人类健康的首要疾病之一,近年来我国冠心病的发病率和死亡率呈逐年上升的趋势,已引起医学界的普遍关注。冠状动脉造影（coronary angiography,CAG）是目前诊断冠心病的“金标准”,但它是一种具有潜在严重并发症危险的有创检查。近年来人们一直在寻求一种简便的无创性冠状动脉成像方法,     

双源CT冠状动脉成像在老年冠心病临床诊断中的应用分析

目的 探讨在老年冠心病临床诊断中双源CT冠状动脉成像的应用价值.方法 2019年12月至2020年7月期间,从我院选取140例老年冠心病患者根据随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组患者均为70例.对照组行常规冠状动脉造影方法诊断,观察组行双源CT冠脉成像方法诊断.对比2组患者检查结果,冠状动脉分支诊断效果和冠状动脉节段...     

MSCT冠状动脉成像在冠心病诊断中的应用

冠状动脉疾病，特别是冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病（冠心病）是严重威胁人类身体健康的疾病。我国自20世纪80年代以来冠状动脉疾病发病率呈上升趋势，35岁以上男性人群中，冠心病的发病率已超过100／10万人口。因此，对其早发现、早诊断、早治疗能有效地降低其危害性，提高患者生活质量，具有重要的临床意义；     

64排螺旋CT冠脉成像在冠心病中的应用

目的:探讨64排螺旋CT冠状动脉成像(64SCTCA)在冠状动脉病变诊断中的临床应用价值。方法:对52例临床疑为冠心病的患者,行64排螺旋冠脉CT和选择性冠状动脉造影CAG检查,以CAG结果为金标准,将二者进行对照分析,了解64排螺旋CT诊断冠心病的敏感性和特异性。结果:三维重建64SCTCA诊断冠状动脉病变总的敏感性为92.1%,特异性为95.8%,64SCTCA检查显示520段血管中489段血管获得了较好的显影,显示率为94%。结论:64排SCTCA是一种简单易行、安全可靠、风险小的无创性检查,做为筛查冠心病的手病,其结果可靠。     

128层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像与选择性冠状动脉造影在冠心病诊断中的应用价值对比

目的 比较128层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像和选择性冠状动脉造影在冠心病诊断中的应用价值.方法 回顾性分析我院2018年12月至2019年12月已确诊的88例冠心病患者,所有患者均接受128层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像和选择性冠状动脉造影检查,比较2种方法的检查结果.结果 在所选病例的320个冠状动脉血管节段中,128层螺旋CT冠...     

Intraindividual comparison of contrast-enhanced electron-beam computed tomography and navigator-echo-based magnetic resonance imaging for noninvasive coronary artery angiography

The aim of this study was to compare contrast-enhanced electron-beam computed tomography (EBCT) and navigator-echo-based MRI of the coronary arteries in the same patient population. Both methods were assessed for visualization of the coronary arteries and their diagnostic accuracy in identifying significant coronary artery stenoses compared with conventional coronary angiography. Twenty patients with known coronary artery disease were examined with both contrast-enhanced EBCT and a respiratory-gated MRI sequence. A grading system was used to evaluate the image quality. Sensitivity and specificity for the detection of significant coronary artery stenoses was evaluated compared with conventional coronary angiography. With EBCT, 89% of the main coronary arteries could be completely visualised in the proximal and middle segments; with MRI, 83% were visualised. With EBCT the sensitivities for identifying significant (>/=50%) stenoses in proximal and middle vessel segments were 75% in the main stem, 88% in the left anterior descending coronary artery, 75% in the left circumflex coronary artery, and 90% in the right coronary artery. Respective sensitivities for MRI angiograms were 75, 82, 75 and 80%. With both modalities a sufficient image quality of the main coronary arteries can be obtained in most cases. The diagnostic capability for detecting significant stenoses is comparable for both methods.     

Prevalence and morphology of coronary artery ectasia with dual-source CT coronary angiography

To assess the prevalence and morphological characteristics of coronary artery ectasia (CAE) with CT coronary angiography (CTCA) in comparison to conventional catheterangiography (CCA). Dual-source CTCA examinations from 677 consecutive patients (223 women; median age 57 years) were retrospectively evaluated by two blinded observers for the presence of CAE defined as a diameter enlargement ≥1.5 times the diameter of adjacent normal coronary segments. Vessel diameters and contrast attenuation within and proximal to ectatic segments were measured. CCA was used to compare measurements obtained from CTCA with the coronary flow velocity by using the thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) frame count. CTCA identified CAE in 20 of 677 (3%) patients. CCA was performed in ten of these patients. CAE diameter measurements with CTCA (10.0 ± 5.4 mm) correlated significantly (r = 0.92, p < 0.001) with the CCA measurements (8.8 ± 4.9 mm), but had higher diameters (levels of agreement: −1.0 to 3.4 mm). Contrast attenuation was significantly lower in the ectatic (343 ± 63 HU) than in the proximal (394 ± 60 HU) segments (p < 0.01). The attenuation difference significantly correlated with the CAE ratio (r = 0.67, p < 0.01) and the TIMI frame count (r = 0.58, p < 0.05). The prevalence of CAE in a population examined by CTCA is around 3%. Contrast attenuation measurements with CTCA correlate well with the flow alterations assessed with CCA.     

动态容积320排冠状动脉CT血管成像诊断冠状动脉疾病的意义

目的：研究320排动态容积冠状动脉CT成像（CCTA）诊断冠状动脉疾病（CAD）的可行性。方法：5961例临床诊断CAD的患者进行CCTA检查,其中186例接受常规X线冠状动脉造影术（CAG）,对照分析其检查结果。1490例接受CCTA检查的健康查体者作为对照。结果：成像质量均在I～III级,无呼吸伪影图像。在186例CAD患者中,CCTA诊断冠状动脉狭窄（狭窄度≥50％）的敏感性为96．72％,特异性98．95％,阳性预测值95．16％,阴性预测值99．30％,准确度98．56％。结论：320排动态容积CT冠状动脉成像图像清晰,对诊断CAD具有重要的临床价值。     

双源CT诊断冠脉狭窄的价值—与冠状动脉造影对照分析

目的:探讨双源CT冠脉成像评价冠脉中度及中度以上狭窄的准确性及可行性。方法:入选60例临床高度怀疑或已确诊冠脉疾病的患者,行双源CT扫描,扫描过程中患者心率平稳,未出现心率不齐及心律失常。患者于1周内行经皮选择性冠状动脉造影,并以冠状动脉造影作为标准,从冠脉节段及冠脉分支角度分别评价双源CT诊断冠脉中度及中度以上狭窄的准确性、敏感性、特异性、阳性预测率及阴性预测率。结果:以冠脉节段为基础分析,双源CT诊断冠脉明显狭窄的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测率、阴性预测率、准确性分别为81.14%、97.57%、85.34%、96.74%、95.13%;以冠脉分支为基础分析,双源CT诊断冠脉明显狭窄的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测率、阴性预测率、准确性分别为84.21%、93.79%、89.88%、90.06%、90.0%。双源CT与选择性冠脉造影对发现冠脉狭窄节段及检查冠脉分支病变的能力进行卡方检验,χ2分别0.625、1.041;P0.05,双源CT与选择性冠脉造影比较在发现冠脉明显狭窄差异上无统计学意义。结论:双源CT在诊断冠脉明显狭窄时有很高的准确性,可作为无创性评价冠脉狭窄及疾病的手段。     

负荷心肌灌注显像与双源CT冠脉成像诊断冠心病的对比研究

目的:通过对心肌灌注显像(MPI)与心脏双源CT(DSCT)检查结果进行对比分析,探讨两者对冠心病的临床诊断价值.方法:对38例拟诊为冠心病的患者行MPI及心脏DSCT检查;分别对MPI图像及DSCT图像进行分析处理,其中29例经冠状动脉造影(CAG)证实为冠心病.结果:DSCT显示有29例冠脉狭窄程度＞50％,其中大...     

Coronary 64-slice CT angiography predicts outcome in patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease

The aim of this study was to assess the prognostic value of 64-slice CT angiography (CTA) in patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease (CAD). Sixty-four-slice coronary CTA was performed in 220 patients [mean age 63 ± 11 years, 77 (35%) female] with known or suspected CAD. CTA images were analyzed with regard to the presence and number of coronary lesions. Patients were followed-up for the occurrence of the following clinical endpoints: death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, unstable angina, and coronary revascularization. During a mean follow-up of 14 ± 4 months, 59 patients (27%) reached at least one of the predefined clinical endpoints. Patients with abnormal coronary arteries on CTA (i.e., presence of coronary plaques) had a 1st-year event rate of 34%, whereas in patients with normal coronary arteries no events occurred (event rate, 0%, p < 0.001). Similarly, obstructive lesions (≥50% luminal narrowing) on CTA were associated with a high first-year event rate (59%) compared to patients without stenoses (3%, p < 0.001). The presence of obstructive lesions was a significant independent predictor of an adverse cardiac outcome. Sixty-four-slice CTA predicts cardiac events in patients with known or suspected CAD. Conversely, patients with normal coronary arteries on CTA have an excellent mid-term prognosis.     

Diagnostic performance of combined cardiac MRI for detection of coronary artery disease

Objective

To evaluate the diagnostic performance of stress perfusion cardiac MR (CMR) for detecting significant CAD (≥70% narrowing) in comparison with invasive coronary angiography (ICA) as a reference standard.

Methods

Examinations of 54 patients who underwent both stress perfusion CMR and ICA for investigation of CAD between 2007 and 2009 were evaluated. The CMR protocol included dipyridamole stress and rest perfusion, stress and rest cine MRI for assessment of ventricular function and delayed gadolinium enhancement for assessment of myocardial viability and detection of infarction. CMR interpretation was performed by 2 observers blinded to the results of ICA and the clinical history.

Results

From a total of 54 patients, 37 (68.5%) showed significant CAD in 71 coronary territories. A perfusion defect was detected in 35 patients and in 69 coronary territories. Individual stress perfusion CMR evaluation showed the highest accuracy (83%) of the CMR techniques. The combined analysis using all sequences increased the overall accuracy of CMR to 87%.

Conclusion

Combination of perfusion and cine-MR during stress/rest, associated to delayed enhancement in the same protocol improves CMRI diagnostic accuracy and sensitivity for patients with significant coronary stenosis, and may therefore be helpful for risk stratification and defining treatment strategies.     

Overestimation of pretest probability of coronary artery disease by Duke clinical score in patients undergoing coronary CT angiography in a Japanese population

BackgroundThe Duke clinical score (DCS) is commonly used to estimate the pretest probability of coronary artery disease (CAD). However, the criterion was developed in a population undergoing catheter angiography.ObjectiveTo test the hypothesis that DCS overestimates the CAD probability when applied to patients evaluated with coronary CT angiography (CCTA). A second objective is to compute an adjustment of the calculated DCS to apply to this population.MethodsThe DCS was calculated for the 3996 consecutive CCTA studies (February 2009 to April 2013) performed for symptomatic patients with no known CAD. Performance of the DCS for the detection of CAD was evaluated by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. Using the training cohort (n = 2789), a linear regression line between the calculated probability and the observed prevalence of CAD identified a modified DCS cutoff for a better risk categorization; this was internally validated by a separate cohort (n = 1207).ResultsThe DCS showed a good discrimination (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.71) for the detection of CAD (prevalence = 23.3%). The calibration analysis showed an overall 2.4-fold overestimation by DCS with a DCS < 23% corresponding to the low-risk category (ie, observed prevalence of CAD < 10%). There was no appropriate DCS cutoff to define high-risk category (ie, prevalence > 90%). The validation cohort showed a prevalence of 9.4% when DCS < 23% was used to define low risk.ConclusionAmong patients who underwent CCTA, DCS overestimated the pretest probability by at least 2-fold; the DCS < 23% should define the lower risk probability. The DCS poorly identifies high-risk population and thus development of new CCTA-based criteria is warranted.     

64MDCT冠状动脉成像对隐匿性冠心病的诊断价值

目的：探讨64层螺旋CT冠脉成像对隐匿性冠心病的诊断价值。方法：应用64MDCT对61例LCHD行CT冠状动脉钙化积分、CT血管造影成像,其中21例患者于两周内行冠脉造影（SCA）检查,对其MDCT表现与常规、动态心电图和SCA结果进行对照。结果：64MDCT冠脉成像对隐匿性冠心病诊断率明显高于常规心电图及动态心电图,其特异性为81.82%,阳性预测值为89.09%,阴性预测值为93.10%,敏感性为96.08%,P＆lt;0.01,Kappa检验分析MDCT冠脉成像与SCA符合率较高。结论：64MDCT是无创性、早期诊断隐匿性冠心病的影像学检查技术,可为隐匿性冠心病的早期诊断和干预提供可靠、翔实的冠脉病变诊断信息。     

FFR CT诊断冠心病的初步应用体会

目的初步探究基于CT血管成像的无创血流储备分数（FFR_CT）与传统有创血流储备分数（FFR）相比在冠心病病人心肌缺血诊断方面的应用价值。方法纳入2017年2月-12月于我院接受冠状动脉CT血管成像（CCTA）检查且后续1周内完成冠状动脉造影（ICA）及FFR检查的可疑或确诊冠心病的病人20例,其中男13例,女7例,平均年龄（64.72±8.01）岁。对病人CCTA影像采用简化一维cFFR软件进行FFR_CT值测定,以有创性FFR结果作为金标准,分析比较FFR_CT对冠心病病人心肌缺血诊断的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、准确度。绘制受试者操作特征（ROC）曲线,比较FFR_CT与CCTA的诊断准确性。采用Pearson相关性检验及Bland-Altman方法比较FFR_CT与FFR的诊断相关性及一致性。结果以病变为分析单位,FFR_CT与CCTA诊断敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、准确度分别为93.5%、86.2%、87.9%、92.6%、90.0%及83.9%、79.3%、82.1%、81.2%、81.7%。FFR_CT和CCTA的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.960及0.892。FFR_CT与FFR诊断一致性及相关性良好（r=0.973,P<0.001）。结论FFR_CT对于冠心病病人心肌缺血诊断具有良好的临床应用价值。