中文版苯丙胺渴求量表信效度检验

目的探讨中文版苯丙胺渴求量表(DSQ)在苯丙胺成瘾者中使用时的信度和效度。方法 118名广州医科大学的健康学生间隔两周测试进行两次DSQ检测;并采用美国精神疾病统计和诊断半结构式会谈手册(病人版,SCID-P)诊断苯丙胺依赖,选取2013年1月~2015年12月苯丙胺依赖患者50名,进行DSQ、成瘾严重程度指数(ASI)量表、视觉模拟量表(VAS)。计算测验的重测信度、内部一致性、折半信度和效标关联效度、聚敛效度和结构效度。结果中文版DSQ的重测信度很高(r=0.92,P0.01),很出色的内部一致性(标准化后的α为0.97,P0.01)和分半信度(r=0.88,P0.01)。采用VAS作为校标,DSQ具有很好的效标关联效度(r=0.61,P0.01);与ASI总分呈强正相关(r=0.53,P0.01)提示中等的聚敛效度,量表的项目和总分相关系数范围从0.05~0.89,P0.01,结构效度中等。结论中文版DSQ在评估苯丙胺渴求时具有良好的信效度,对于识别苯丙胺渴求具有实用性的临床价值。     

戒毒人员药物渴求度调查问卷的修订

目的：修订戒毒人员药物渴求问卷,为测定药物渴求程度提供有效的测量工具;方法：通过专题访谈等技术,对原问卷题项进行重新审查与筛选,运用探索性因素分析重构了新问卷的理论模型,运用验证性因素分析验证了模型的合理性。结果：修订后的问卷包含29个项目,5个维度。问卷的内部一致性系数在0．807-0．936之间,总问卷及各因子的分半信度为均在0．8以上。验证性因素分析证实问卷具有良好的结构效度;吸毒行为变量与问卷各维度之间的高度相关证实问卷具有良好的区分效度。结论：修订后戒毒人员药物渴求度问卷结构清晰,信效度良好。     

强制戒毒人员戒毒动机量表的编制

目的:基于自我决定动机理论,编制"强制戒毒人员戒毒动机量表",为戒毒工作提供科学工具.方法:招募800名强制戒毒人员参与问卷编制调查;采用文献分析、访谈、专家评议等方法编制题目,对量表进行项目分析、探索和验证性因素分析;并开展信效度检验.结果:戒毒动机量表共23个条目,分为4个维度:戒毒认同感、自责内疚、外部压力、求助...     

武汉市甲基苯丙胺依赖患者戒毒意向及相关因素分析

目的:调查武汉市甲基苯丙胺依赖患者的戒毒意向,并分析其相关因素.方法:在武汉市2所强制隔离戒毒所中随机抽取甲基苯丙胺依赖患者488例,采用自编一般资料问卷、戒毒意向标尺、渴求视觉模拟评分、成瘾记忆强度量表和激惹-抑郁-焦虑量表进行调查,采用多元线性回归模型分析患者戒毒意向的相关因素.结果:甲基苯丙胺依赖患者的戒毒意向标...     

强迫性吸毒量表中文版的效度和信度

目的:评估强迫性吸毒量表(the Obsessive Compulsive Drug Use Scale,OCDUS)中文版应用在研究戒毒人员心理渴求的信度和效度.方法:采用OCDUS中文版对450名戒毒人员进行测验,间隔2周和4周后分别对其中各50名和90名被试进行重测.结果:修订的OCDUS中文版量表共有13个条目...     

戒毒动机的结构与量表编制

目的:编制戒毒动机测量工具,并检验其信效度。方法:通过文献检索、个人访谈、专家访谈等方法,构建了戒毒动机理论的维度,形成初始量表,对200名戒毒人群初步预测并分析后,形成戒毒动机正式量表。对1380例戒毒人员进行测试(测试后有效样本为1294例),然后对量表进行项目分析、探索性因素分析、验证性因素分析及信度分析。结果:戒毒动机量表包括36个条目,由5个因素组成,即趋戒-内部动机、趋戒-外部动机、避吸-内部动机、避吸-外部动机、戒毒信心,探索性因素分析各因子条目的载荷均在0.40以上,验证性因素分析各拟合指标较好,全问卷同质性信度为0.922,分半信度为0.837,重测信度为0.881,强制与自愿戒毒者、男女不同性别的戒毒动机总分与各因子得分比较,差别均有统计学意义,表明该量表区分效度好。结论:该量表具有良好的信效度,可作为戒毒动机的测量工具。     

戒毒人员复吸倾向性量表的编制

目的:编制戒毒人员复吸倾向性量表,并对其进行信、效度检验。方法:该研究基于文献回顾、个别访谈及半开放式问卷调查,进行理论构建,编制了戒毒人员复吸倾向性问卷并正式施测于501名戒毒人员,用SPSS 19.0社会统计软件对数据进行分析。结果:探索性因素分析结果表明,戒毒人员复吸倾向性量表可解构为生理唤醒、戒毒行动、家庭关系、情绪管理、戒毒效能感5个因子。经分析,该问卷具有较好的同质性信度(α=0.951)和分半信度(0.946),其结构效度达到了心理测量学可接受的水平。结论:该问卷适用于戒毒人员复吸倾向的个体评定。     

Sheehan残疾量表在美沙酮维持治疗门诊患者中应用的信效度研究

目的:研究Sheehan残疾量表(Sheehan Disability Scale,SDS)在美沙酮维持治疗门诊患者中使用的信度和效度。方法:选择武汉市第一健康门诊的188名美沙酮维持治疗患者完成30天功能问卷、SDS和世界卫生组织生存质量测定量表简表(WHOQOL-BREF),间隔1周后对其中50名患者进行SDS重测。采用相关分析评价量表的信度和效度。结果:SDS三个项目与总分之间的相关系数在0.90-0.93之间(P<0.01),平均相关系数为0.91,项目区分度指数在0.65-0.74之间。量表的Cronbachα系数为0.91,重测信度为0.85(P<0.001),与WHOQOL-BREF自评总分校标关联效度为-0.58(P<0.01)。结论:SDS在美沙酮维持治疗门诊患者中使用具有较好的信度和效度。     

甲基苯丙胺依赖者躯体脱毒后慢性渴求及其相关因素分析

目的:了解甲基苯丙胺依赖者在躯体脱毒后对毒品的慢性渴求状况及其相关因素。方法:采用戒毒者线索敏感问卷、强迫性毒品使用量表、汉密尔顿焦虑量表及贝克抑郁自评量表及自制人口学调查表,对武汉市两所强制戒毒所躯体脱毒3个月以上的134名甲基苯丙胺依赖者进行调查。结果:所调查的甲基苯丙胺依赖者强迫性毒品使用量表平均得分为(35.90±7.54)。53.7%的依赖者存在焦虑,67.9%存在抑郁。对慢性渴求的相关因素进行单因素分析结果显示文化程度、吸毒年限、平均每次毒品用量、毒品相关线索敏感、焦虑、抑郁状况与慢性渴求程度有关(P<0.01)。多因素分析提示在去除混杂后,平均每次毒品使用量、焦虑状况和毒品相关线索敏感与慢性渴求存在线性相关关系(P<0.05)。结论:甲基苯丙胺依赖者在躯体脱毒后一段时间内依然存在较普遍的焦虑、抑郁及对吸毒相关情景敏感,这些因素都与慢性渴求有关。在新型毒品依赖者常规戒毒教育中,应将吸毒史长、用量大、存在焦虑和抑郁等不良情绪及对毒品线索敏感的依赖者作为心理康复和预防复吸的重点关注对象。     

昼夜节律类型量表的汉化及在医学生中的信效度检验

目的:对最新的11条目昼夜节律类型量表（Circadian Type Inventory,CTI）进行汉化及信效度检验。方法:采用改良后的Brislin翻译模型进行汉化;选择2018年1月至6月通过方便抽样法选取上海中医药大学各专业本科生308名（样本1）及新乡医学院本科生224名（样本2）进行调查,评估中文版量表的信...     

A Treatment Model for Craving Identification and Management

Abstract

This article presents an addiction treatment model based on craving identification and management (CIM). Craving is broadly defined as the desire to use alcohol or other drugs; it increases the likelihood of use of these substances. In the CIM Model treatment interventions are referenced to craving, i.e., helping clients to identify their craving level and equipping them with strategies to avoid use. Four causes of craving are identified: (1) environmental cues (triggers): exposure to people, places, and things associated with prior drug-using experiences may cause immediate and overwhelming craving; (2) stress: addicted persons experience stress as craving; (3) mental illness; and (4) drug withdrawal: symptoms of both mental illness and withdrawal lead to craving if clients associate use with relief of these symptoms. The CIM Model incorporates four service delivery elements: Relapse Prevention Workshop, individual counseling, medical/psychiatric services, and screening for ongoing drug use. At its core, the CIM Model asks clients to be aware of craving. analyze its causes, and, based on those causes, implement specific strategies to prevent and manage craving. The CIM Model combines several treatment components. including control of exposure to environmental cues, establishment of a daily schedule, the use of behaviors that dissipate craving (tools), and treatment (with medications when appropriate) of mental health and withdrawal symptoms. The CIM Model is a client-derived approach to achieving and maintaining sobriety based on a process of analyzing craving and managing it with an individualized program of recovery activities.     

Methamphetamine Users Entering Treatment: Characteristics of the Methamphetamine Treatment Project Sample

The Center for Substance Abuse Treatment funded the Metamphetamine Treatment Project to evaluate and compare treatment approaches for methamphetamine users. As part of this study, drug use patterns, history of physical or sexual abuse, history of suicidality, and psychopathology were assessed in 1,016 methamphetamine-dependent outpatients entering treatment between 1999 and 2001 at eight sites across the western United States. The sample was predominately female and racially diverse. The mean age of the participants was 32.8 years. Most were methamphetamine smokers, but there were marked regional variations. Suicidality and physical or sexual abuse were common and measures of current psychopathology were high. These clinical issues were associated with more frequent use of methamphetamine and, more strongly, with concurrent use of other drugs. Therefore, the relationship between polydrug use and psychopathology in methamphetamine users warrants further investigation.     

Reliability and Validity of a Treatment Barriers Scale for Individuals With Alcohol Use Disorder

Background: Few studies have measured addiction-specific barriers to treatment. A measurement of barriers with psychometric support that has been tested in diverse samples and that assesses multiple components of addiction treatment barriers is needed to inform providers and treatment programs. Objectives: This paper aims to provide an initial psychometric investigation of a measure of barriers to seeking addictions treatment. Methods: Data were collected from 196 Veterans Affairs primary care patients with Alcohol Use Disorder that participated in a randomized clinical trial. Results: A Principal Components Analysis revealed that the 32-item Treatment Barriers Scale (TBS) can be reduced to 14 items, measuring 4 factors: stigma, dislike of the treatment process, alcohol problem identification, and logistical concerns. Acceptable internal consistent reliability (α = .64–.76) and excellent precision of alpha (α = 0.001–0.009) was found for each subscale. Support for the measure's concurrent validity was found, for example, participants who reported more motivation to reduce their drinking perceived significantly fewer barriers to care. Support for the measure's predictive validity was also found, including that more barriers were related to future drinking among all participants and less mental health and addictions treatment visits among participants in one treatment condition. Conclusions/ Importance: Our results provide initial support for the utility of the TBS-14 among primary care patients with Alcohol Use Disorder. Use of the TBS-14 could enable healthcare providers to better understand patient-specific treatment barriers, provide corrective information on treatment misconceptions, and inform individualized treatment plans that increase patient engagement in addiction services.     

中文版Morisky用药依从性问卷在肾病综合征患儿中的信效度评价及应用

目的:评价中文版Morisky用药依从性问卷(MMAS-8)在肾病综合征(NS)患儿中应用的信度和效度,探讨本地区NS患儿的用药依从性水平及影响因素。方法:应用中文版MMAS-8对就诊于我院的90例NS患儿开展用药依从性问卷调查。选用Cronbachα系数评价中文版MMAS-8内部一致性信度,组内相关系数(ICC)评价重测信度;选用主成分因子分析法评价结构效度;选用Pearson相关系数评价MMAS-8得分与6个月内复发次数的相关性;对NS患儿的用药依从性影响因素选用多因素多分类有序Logistic回归分析。结果:中文版MMAS-8的Cronbachα系数为0.751;ICC为0.865(P<0.05);主成分因子分析共提取3个公因子;调查的90例患儿中有78.89%的患儿用药依从性不佳(评分<8分);患儿6个月内复发次数与MMAS-8得分存在中度的负相关(Pearson相关系数为-0.454,P<0.01);用药依从性影响因素分析结果显示,病程<1年较病程>3年患儿的用药依从性好(P<0.05),由父母监督服药较自行服药的患儿用药依从性好(P<...     

可靠性和有效性的检验与评价

可靠性检验及有效性评价应用于医学研究的重要性在于提高研究设计及研究结果的质量。本文着重介绍了可靠性检验及有效性评价的方法及线索,四种常用的可靠性检验方法是:重复检验法、替代检验法、分段检验法及内部连续性检验法,组内相关分析及Cronbach氏α值的计算构成了可靠性检验的核心内容。标准有效性、内容有效性、构思有效性是有效性评价的三个主要线索。     

甲基苯丙胺依赖者冲动性特征和执行功能的关系

目的:探讨甲基苯丙胺(methamphetamine,MA)依赖者冲动性特征和执行功能的关系.方法:本研究通过社区招募MA依赖者52名,健康对照组51名,通过Barratt冲动量表(BIS-11)评估冲动性,以计算机化的综合认知测验(CogState量表)测试认知功能,并收集研究对象一般资料及药物滥用史.结果:MA依赖...     

甲基苯丙胺依赖者强制隔离康复戒断期Th/Treg细胞 表达水平变化分析及其意义

目的:探讨甲基苯丙胺(methamphetamine,METH)依赖患者在强制隔离康复戒断期间的外周血CD4+T细胞、Th1、Th2、Th17及Treg细胞的表达水平变化情况.方法:选取河北省强制隔离戒毒所2019年12月前收治的METH依赖初治患者30例,强制隔离康复戒断期6个月、戒断期12个月以及戒断期20个月患者...     

Assessment of the Chinese-Version SF-36 in the Chinese Opiate Addicts

This study was designed to assess the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36 (SF-36) assessed with opiate addicts in China. The sample was composed of 442 questionnaires from three regions in China, in 2004. The reliability of Chinese-version SF-36 was obtained using Cronbach's α and split-half coefficients and the validity was calculated using correlation analysis and confirmatory factor analysis method. The results of reliability and validity provide the first evidence that Chinese-version SF-36 is validated for Chinese addicts. The study's limitations are noted.     

103例男性吸毒者抑郁状况与成瘾行为和社会支持的相关性研究

目的:研究男性吸毒者中的抑郁情绪存在情况,了解不同抑郁状况与吸毒者成瘾行为和社会支持之间的关系。方法:运用自制的一般情况调查问卷、Beck抑郁自评量表和社会支持评定量表(SSRS)对103名男性吸毒者进行测试,分析成瘾行为、抑郁状况与社会支持的相关性。结果:⑴男性吸毒者中大多存在抑郁情绪(84.5%),与自身因素、吸毒群体的特殊性有关。⑵男性吸毒者的抑郁状况与吸毒者的成瘾行为存在显著的相关性。⑶男性吸毒者的抑郁状况与吸毒者的社会支持情况总体上不存在相关性,大多男性吸毒者对支持的利用度得分偏低。⑷男性吸毒者的社会支持与吸毒者的成瘾行为不存在相关性。结论:在戒毒工作中,对戒毒人员,特别是"毒龄"长的戒毒者要及时进行心理评估,给予适当的心理干预或药物治疗。在后续帮教中,要注意引导戒毒者增强主动寻求社会支持的意识和能力,以利于戒毒和操守。