高钾离子引起PC12细胞内游离Ca2+浓度升高的机制

目的：分析高钾离子（Ｋ＾＋）引起ＰＣ１２细胞内游离钙离子浓度（［Ｃａ＾２＋］ｉ）升高的可能机制。方法：利用ＭｉｒａＣａｌ Ｉｍｉａｇｅ Ｓｙｓｔｅｍ检测［Ｃａ＾２＋］ｉ，Ｃａ＾２＋荧光探针为Ｆｕｒａ－２／ＡＭ。结果：（１）ＫＣ１浓度为３０￣１００ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ时，可剂量依赖性地诱导ＰＣ１２细胞［Ｃａ＾２＋］ｉ升高；（２）在细胞外无Ｃａ＾２＋时，高Ｋ＾＋对ＰＣ１２细胞［Ｃａ＾２＋］ｉ无影响；（３）Ｌ－     

Fura－2荷载血小板胞内游离钙浓度的连续测定

以Ｃａ２＋荧光指示剂Ｆｕｒａ－２荷载血小板，连续测定血小板胞内游离Ｃａ２＋（［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ）浓度动态变化。在生理胞外Ｃａ２＋浓度时。正常成人血小板［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ静息水平为１０８．３±３．６ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ（－ｘ±ｓ－ｘｎ＝１５，下同），以凝血酶０．２Ｕ／ｍｌ作诱导，［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ迅速升至峰值７７０．３±２７．３ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ，其下降幅度在４ｍｉｎ时为４０．９％±１．８％；以ＴＭＢ８４００μｍｏｌ／Ｌ阻滞胞内Ｃａ２＋释放，［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ的峰值（４４３．７±２７．７ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ）明显下降（Ｐ＜０．００１），而４ｍｉｎ的下降幅度（４７．７％±３．８％）则无明显差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。在胞外Ｃａ２＋＜１０－８ｍｏｌ／Ｌ时，［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ静息水平７０．２±７．５ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ，作同样的诱导，［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ的峰值（３２１．２±１７．８ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ）及下降幅度（９９．２％±３．６％）均有显著变化（ｐ＜０．００１）。结果表明，本文所建立的方法能连续测定血小板［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ的动态变化。     

应用Fura-2/AM测定兔视网膜细胞内游离钙的方法

目的：建立适宜条件下，用荧光指示剂Ｆｕｒａ－２测定乳兔视网膜细胞内游离钙（简称［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ）的方法。方法：用酶解制备视网膜细胞悬液。Ｆｕｒａ－２／ＡＭ负载进行荧光测定。结果：经０．０５％胰蛋白酶消化１０分钟，可使细胞存活率达９０％以上。在３７℃条件下与Ｆｕｒａ－２／ＡＭ温育４０分钟，于３０分钟内测定为最佳条件。结论：静息状态下（［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ）水平为（２２３±２７）ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ，其值在文献报道范围内。高钾去极化，在Ｋ＋为２５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ和５０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ时，分别使（［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ）增加了５９％和１４８％，由此证明视网膜细胞悬液制备和测定方法是可行的。     

黄腐酸和超氧阴离子对软骨细胞内钙离子浓度的影响

目的：为探讨病区黄腐酸（ＦＡ）和活性氧自由基可能引起大骨节病，我们测定了在ＦＡ和超氧自由基（）作用下，软骨细胞内钙离子浓度（［Ｃａ￣（２＋）］ｉ）随时间的变化。方法：应用萤光指示剂Ｆｕｒａ－２／ＡＭ测定细胞内钙离子浓度并用下式计算：［Ｃａ￣（２＋）］ｉ＝Ｋｄ（Ｆ－Ｆ＿（ｍｉｎ））／（Ｆ＿（ｍａｘ）－Ｆ）。结果：作用４５ｍｉｎ后，［Ｃａ￣（２＋）］ｉ从１．６２×１Ｏ￣（－７）ｍｏｌ／Ｌ升达１．１８×１０￣（－６）ｍｏｌ／Ｌ；ＦＡ作用４ｈ后，［Ｃａ￣（２＋）］ｉ从３．７８×１０￣（－７）ｍｏｌ／Ｌ升达５．５１×１０￣（－７）ｍｏｌ／Ｌ。结论：说明ＦＡ与·有相似的促进［Ｃａ￣（２＋）］ｉ升高的作用，［Ｃａ￣（２＋）］ｉ的升高将造成软骨细胞损伤，而软骨坏死是大骨节病的重要病理特症之一。     

TMB-8对去甲肾上腺素BHQ引起新生大鼠单个脑细胞内游离钙增高的影响

应用ＡＲ－ＣＭ－ＭＩＣ阳离子测定系统，研究ＴＭＢ－８对体外新生ＳＤ大鼠单个脑细胞内游离钙的抑制作用及其机制。结果表明，在无细胞外钙情况下，静息［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ为７９±１３ｎｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１。ＴＭＢ－８１０，３０μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１能明显降低静息［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ。ＴＭＢ－８１００μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１对高钾去极化引起的［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ显著增高无明显影响。在细胞外钙为１．３ｍｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１时，去甲肾上腺素诱导的细胞内［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ升高可部分被ＴＭＢ－８抑制；ＴＭＢ－８（３０μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１）对ＢＨＱ引起的［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ的升高无明显抑制作用。而当细胞外液［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ为０时，ＴＭＢ－８几乎完全抑制了去甲肾上腺素和ＢＨＱ的作用。提示ＴＭＢ－８降低脑细胞内游离钙的作用机制是通过促使细胞内钙进入肌浆网以抑制内钙的释放，并通过饱和肌浆网内Ｃａ２＋间接地阻滞细胞膜钙通道     

蛋白磷酸酶抑制剂对人成神经细胞瘤细胞钙瞬态的影响

应用荧光倒置显微镜系统,分别检测了蛋白磷酸酶ＰＰ－２Ａ和ＰＰ－１抑制剂岗田酸（Ｏｋａｄａｉｃａｃｉｄ,ＯＡ）和ＰＰ－２Ｂ抑制剂三氟吡拉嗪（Ｔｒｉｆｌｕｏｐｅｒａｚｉｎｅ,Ｔｒｉ）处理的人成神经细胞瘤细胞（ＳＨ－ＳＹ５Ｙ）胞浆钙瞬态变化。结果发现：１ｎｍｏｌ／ＬＯＡ抑制ＰＰ－２Ａ时,胞浆游离Ｃａ２＋浓度（［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ）瞬时波动明显增强,［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ在２０ｍｉｎ内逐步轻微升高,后逐渐回复;而用１００ｎｍｏｌ／ＬＯＡ同时抑制ＰＰ－２Ａ和ＰＰ－１时,则引起［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ即刻持续升高,并同时伴有［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ瞬时波动明显增强;用１００μｍｏｌ／ＬＴｒｉ抑制ＰＰ－２Ｂ时,则引起［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ即刻持续升高,［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ瞬时波动没有明显变化。提示：蛋白磷酸酶降低可能通过钙瞬态变化而参与Ａｌｚｈｅｉｍｅｒ病（ＡＤ）的发病过程。     

荧光控测法测定大鼠胰腺腺泡细胞游离钙离子的浓度

目的：测定大鼠胰腺腺泡细胞内游离钙离子浓度（简称［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ）。方法：采用新一代荧光指示剂Ｆｕｒａ－２，用双波长荧光分光光度计对大鼠胰腺细胞内游离钙离子浓度进行测定，用透明质酸酶及胶原酶等消化加机械分离得其细胞悬液，对细胞悬液荧光值及其相关数据进行测定。结果：测得大鼠胰腺细胞内［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ的值为１６５．１２±１１．４ｎｍ。结论：荧光控测法是当今测定活细胞内钙离子浓度的有效方法。     

糖尿病患者血小板游离钙变化与血栓素B2生成的关系

为了探讨糖尿病患者血小板胞浆内游离Ｃａ￣（２＋）浓度（［Ｃａ￣（２＋）］ｉ）与血栓素Ｂ＿２（ＴＸＢ＿２）生成的关系，及其在糖尿病微血管病变发病中的作用，作者用Ｃａ￣（２＋）荧光指示剂ｆｕｒａ－２直接测定２７例糖尿病患者（合并微血管病变苔１３例，无微血管病变者１４例）血小板［Ｃａ￣（２＋）］ｉ，并且同步测定ＴＸＢ＿２。结果：以钙载体Ａ＿（２３１８７）诱导，糖尿病组血小板［（Ｃａ￣（２＋）］ｉ峰值为１１４７±５２ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ，高于对照组（８９７±４９ｎｍｏｌ／ＬＰ＜０．０１），且与ＴＸＢ，生成呈正相关：而用花生四烯酸诱导，糖尿病组血小板［Ｃａ￣（２＋）］ｉ峰值为３５３±１４ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ，虽高于对照组（３１２±１６ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ，Ｐ＜０．０５），但与ＴＸＢ＿２生成未呈显著相关。上述改变在糖尿病有或无微血管病变两组之间比较无显著性差异，提示糖尿病患者血小板［Ｃａ￣（２＋）］ｉ变化可能通过膜磷脂酶环节致使ＴＸＢ＿２生成增多，参与微血管病变的发病。     

血管紧张素Ⅱ对培养心肌细胞自发性收缩及［Ca~（2＋）］_i瞬间变化的影响

应用倒置显微镜闭路电视系统及Ｃａ（２＋）敏感的荧光指示剂Ｆｕｒａ－２／ＡＭ的方法，记录培养心肌细胞的自发性收缩及［Ｃａ（２＋）］ｉ，瞬间变化，结果发现：应用血管紧张素Ⅱ（ＡｎｇⅡ，１０－１０００ｎｍ０１／Ｌ）５ｍｉｎ后，心肌细胞收缩频率增加，分别增加了５５％，８３％及１０７％，但同样浓度的ＡｎｇⅡ引起细胞边缘运动的速度减少。ＡｎｇⅡ１０，１００ｎｍｌ／Ｌ引起［Ｃａ（２＋）］ｉ瞬间变化最大值的明显增加，分别增加了１６％和３７％。但对［Ｃａ］ｉ（２＋）瞬间变化的基线水平没有明显的影响。结果提示：１．ＡｎｇⅡ增加心肌细胞搏动频率与增加细胞内游离Ｃａ（２＋）有关；２．ＡｎｇⅡ对心肌细胞收缩及［Ｃａ（２＋）］ｉ瞬间变化的作用可能关系到其影响Ｃａ（２＋）内流或细胞内Ｃａ（２＋）释放的机制，３．ＡｎｇⅡ减少心肌细胞收缩速度的机制值得进一步研究。     

应用Fura-Ⅱ/AM检测大鼠多形核中性粒细胞内游离钙浓度

应用ＦｕｒａⅡ技术，检测大鼠无菌性炎症时腹腔多形核中性粒细胞（ＰＭＮ）内游离钙浓度（［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ）及中药锦灯笼苦味素Ｂ对其影响。结果：在静息状态下，ＰＭＮ内［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ为（３１９４３±１８９０５）ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ，酵母多糖激活可使［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ成倍增加，两者相比Ｐ＜００５。中药可抑制［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ增加。各组之间差异显著（Ｐ＜００５）。并探讨了ＦｕｒａⅡ检测ＰＭＮ内［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ的可行性及证明中药可抑制［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.