Transcatheter closure of ischemic and post-traumatic ventricular septal ruptures.

Post-traumatic ventricular septal defects (VSD) can occur after acute MI or iatrogenically after invasive surgical procedures. Emergency surgery is associated with high perioperative mortality and postsurgical shunt in up to 20% of patients. Transcatheter closure (TCC) of post MI VSD may be an alternative that avoids the high risk of surgery. We report a lower mortality and morbidity than surgical closure in the post infarction VSD's even with a short interval between defect occurrence and percutaneous device placement. Furthermore, in patients with a failed or suboptimal surgical result adjunctive percutaneous closure may be beneficial and offers an alternative to redo VSD repair. Finally, in patients who suffer an unexpected traumatic VSD post surgical procedure, percutaneous closure offers an alternative with excellent results.     

乳腺癌中PBK/TOPK mRNA表达的临床意义及功能预测

目的 通过生物信息学分析PDZ结合激酶/T-淋巴因子激活的杀伤细胞来源的蛋白激酶(PBK/TOPK)在乳腺癌(BRCA)中的表达及临床意义,并预测其潜在的分子通路和生物学功能.方法 挖掘Oncomine数据库分析PBK/TOPK信使核糖核酸(mRNA)在不同癌症中的表达情况.下载癌症基因组图谱(TCGA)数据库BRCA...     

Technique for ipsilateral rescue embolization of common femoral side branch vessel injury.

We report a novel double wire technique for ipsilateral access of the external iliac/common femoral artery transition side-branches in a patient with active extravasation. The case is noteworthy in that asymptomatic extravasation was noted in both the inferior epigastric and deep circumflex iliac branches on femoral angiography prior to intraaortic balloon pump insertion following emergent diagnostic left heart cathetrization. We speculate the side branch injury was related to the J-wire and describe how this complication may be best treated by the ipsilateral technique reported herein.     

微量全氟加萘对家兔视网膜毒性作用的时间关联性

目的探讨微量全氟加萘(PFD)对视网膜毒性作用的时间关联性。方法将100μl的PFD及BSS液体分别直接注射到家兔视网膜表面,注射液体后每日用检眼镜观察家兔视网膜情况,在注射后的4、7、14、21d,分别对实验组及对照组产物做光学显微镜及透射电镜的视网膜组织切片的观察。结果所有实验样本检眼镜检查及光镜病理组织学检查在各个时间均正常,未发现视网膜有任何病理改变。透射电镜检查,4d时,没有对视网膜造成实质性的损害;从7d开始,各个实验组的视网膜都开始有了病理变化,出现了光感受器外节、外丛状层的损害,光感受器变性,内核细胞囊泡形成、神经节细胞的损害,内层视网膜坏死,视网膜内吞噬细胞反应,视网膜色素上皮细胞吞噬膜盘,顶部微绒毛的脱落。结论微量的PFD存在于眼内,视网膜可出现超微结构的病理改变,但无显微结构的变化,在宏观上也无任何改变。视网膜毒性作用随着残留时间的延续而加大,微量残留PFD应该在4d之内取出。     

Thoracic positron emission tomography: 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose and beyond

Ongoing technologic and therapeutic advancements in medicine are now testing the limits of conventional anatomic imaging techniques. The ability to image physiology, rather than simply anatomy, is critical in the management of multiple disease processes, especially in oncology. Nuclear medicine has assumed a leading role in detecting, diagnosing, staging and assessing treatment response of various pathologic entities, and appears well positioned to do so into the future. When combined with computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET) has become the sine quo non technique of evaluating most solid tumors especially in the thorax. PET/CT serves as a key imaging modality in the initial evaluation of pulmonary nodules, often obviating the need for more invasive testing. PET/CT is essential to staging and restaging in bronchogenic carcinoma and offers key physiologic information with regard to treatment response. A more recent development, PET/MRI, shows promise in several specific lung cancer applications as well. Additional recent advancements in the field have allowed PET to expand beyond imaging with ¹⁸F-flurodeoxyglucose (FDG) alone, now with the ability to specifically image certain types of cell surface receptors. In the thorax this predominantly includes ⁶⁸Ga-DOTATATE which targets the somatostatin receptors abundantly expressed in neuroendocrine tumors, including bronchial carcinoid. This receptor targeted imaging technique permits targeting these tumors with therapeutic analogues such as ¹⁷⁷Lu labeled DOTATATE. Overall, the proper utilization of PET in the thorax has the ability to directly impact and improve patient care.     

FDG-positron emission tomography/computed tomography and standardized uptake value in the primary diagnosis and staging of hilar cholangiocarcinoma

Background

The diagnosis and staging of hilar cholangiocarcinoma (HCCA) remain challenging despite recent advances in imaging. Little is known about the use of positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in HCCA.

Objectives

This study aimed to evaluate the additional value of FDG-PET/CT and standardized uptake value (SUV) in patients with highly suspected HCCA.

Methods

Between February 2006 and August 2009, PET/CT was performed in 30 patients with highly suspected HCCA, all of whom were deemed resectable by conventional staging methods, including laparoscopy. The results of PET-CT and SUV were compared with intraoperative and histopathological findings.

Results

The primary tumour was ¹⁸F-FDG-positive in 88% of patients. Sensitivity and specificity for the detection of regional lymph node metastases and distant metastases were 67% and 68%, and 33% and 96%, respectively. The median SUV in the primary tumour was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in patients with (mean: 8.9) than without (mean: 6.1) distant metastases. The SUV in patients with benign disease (n = 4) showed a trend towards lower values than in patients with cholangiocarcinoma, although this was not significant.

Conclusions

After conventional staging including diagnostic laparoscopy, the additional value of PET/CT is limited. This somewhat disappointing finding may reflect the fact that extensive staging studies were carried out prior to PET/CT. The SUV potentially predicts patients with distant metastases and may differentiate between HCCA and benign lesions that mimic malignancies.     

Tp-Te间期及Tp-Te/QT比率对心功能不全患者的临床应用价值

【摘要】目的 探讨反应心室跨壁复极离散(transmural dispersion of repolarization,TDR)的相关指标T波峰-末间期（Tpeak-Tend interval,Tp-Te）和T波峰-末间期/QT间期比率(Tp-Te/QT)在心功能不全患者中的临床意义及应用价值。方法 105例心功能不全患者及100例正常对照组纳入研究,记录所有入选者的体表心电图Tp-Te间期及Tp-Te/QT比率,以及心率、年龄、BNP等相关临床指标。按照纽约心功能分级(NYHA)将病例组分为低危组(NYHA I-II)及高危组(NYHA III-IV),将高危组中治疗后BNP下降≥30%的患者纳入治疗有效组。分别比较心功能不全患者与正常人相较,心功能不全严重程度不同的患者之间相较,以及高危心功能不全患者治疗前后相较,Tp-Te间期及Tp-Te/QT比率的差异。结果 （1）心功能不全患者与对照组相较Tp-Te间期及Tp-Te/QT比率均明显增加（P＜0.05）;（2）高危心功能不全患者较低危患者的Tp-Te间期及Tp-Te/QT比率明显增大（P＜0.05）;（3）高危心功能不全患者治疗后与治疗前相较Tp-Te间期差距无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,而Tp-Te/QT比率有所降低（P＜0.05）。结论 Tp-Te间期及Tp-Te/QT比率可作为反应心功能不全患者病情严重程度及治疗效果的临床心电学指标。     

Interventional closure of aortomitral perforation after TAVR: A case report

Despite TAVR emerging as the gold standard for a broad spectrum of patients, it is associated with serious complications. In this report we present a case, where a TAVR procedure led to a perforation at the aortomitral continuity, discuss the risk factors for the occurrence of perforations and how we decided to treat the patient.     

Mechanisms underlying air aspiration in patients undergoing left atrial catheterization

Background : Air embolism in patients undergoing percutaneous interventions requiring access to the left atrium (LA) represents a potentially fatal complication. Here we tested if a decline in LA pressures following sedation represents an important mechanistic link underlying air intrusion into the LA. Methods and Results : Left atrial pressures were measured in 26 consecutive patients (49 ± 14 years; 27% male), who underwent percutaneous atrial septal occlusion for persistent foramen ovale or secundum atrial septal defects. Patients either received sedation by propofol allowing for guidance by transesophageal echocardiography (n = 13) or underwent occluder implantation without sedation and under fluoroscopic control only (n = 13). Whereas mean exspiratory LA pressures remained unchanged in either group, sedation provoked a marked decline in the mean inspiratory LA pressure as compared to non‐sedated patients (Δp 6.9 ± 8.6 mm Hg vs. 0.1 ± 1.2 mm Hg in nonsedated patients, P < 0.001). Ex vivo experiments evaluating the air‐tightness of different sheaths in response to negative pressures revealed air aspiration at –13.4 ± 1.2 mm Hg of suction in all cases, once a guide wire was inserted. Conclusions : Negative LA pressures in conjunction with air‐leaking sheaths are identified as potentially important factors for air intrusion into the LA with the patient's sedation being a primary risk factor to lower LA pressure levels. The results advocate close monitoring of LA pressures during intervention, prevention of airway collapse and protection of LA sheaths from communication with the atmosphere, during procedures under sedation. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Surgical correction of 639 pectus excavatum cases via the Nuss procedure

Background

To review the clinical experience and short- to middle-term effects of the Nuss procedure for correction of pectus excavatum (PE).

Methods

From September 2006 to August 2014, 639 patients with PE were treated using the Nuss procedure. Of these, 546 were male and 93 were female. The mean age was 15.3±5.8 years (2.5-49 years). Preoperative chest CT scans Haller index (HI) was 4.3±1.7 (2.9-17.4), with 75 cases of mild PE (HI <3.2), 114 cases of moderate PE (HI 3.2-3.5), 393 cases of severe PE (HI 3.6-6.0), and 57 cases of extremely severe PE (HI >6.0).

Results

A total of 638 patients successfully completed the surgery, an 11-year-old male patient who died after the surgery had undergone ventricular septal defect closure surgery through a sternal incision 7 years ago. The mean operative time was 64.3±41.7 min (40-310 min). Excluding the patient who died, the average blood loss was 24.5±17.8 mL (10-160 mL). The average length of postoperative hospital stay was 5.2±2.9 days (4-36 days). A total of 484 cases (75.7%) required 1 steel bar insertion, 153 cases (24.0%) required 2 steel bars, and 2 cases (0.3%) required 3 bars. Postoperative evaluation of the surgery outcomes revealed the following: excellent in 504 cases, good in 105, fair in 28 and poor in 2, good quality rate was 95.3%.

Conclusions

Correction of PE via the Nuss procedure is minimally invasive and simple to perform with good short and mid-term effects, while long-term efficacy remains to be determined.     

Anatomic spectrum of left coronary artery anomalies and associated mechanisms of coronary insufficiency

This is a novel re‐appraisal of an understudied and misunderstood group of important coronary anomalies. The general name of the group is “anomalous origin of the left coronary artery,” but several additional details should be included in this group of anomalies and the explanation of their pathophysiology. The most lethal form in young athletes or military recruits features intramural aortic proximal course. This comprehensive review is based on a large experience at a dedicated center for coronary artery anomalies, using evolving knowledge (over 20 years) while employing prospective and disciplined programs of evaluation and treatment, according to the nature and severity of each anomaly. The most common pathogenic mechanism of coronary dysfunction relates to intramural coronary course, with or without ectopic origin, leading to variable lateral compression and stenosis inside the aortic tunica media; this compression is present at rest and worsens with exertion. We propose that such variable and dynamic stenoses can be best studied by examining their specific anatomy and clinical presentation, stress testing, and, most importantly, in vivo evaluation by intravascular ultrasonography. Such methods should be used to support individual risk evaluation and selection among treatment options.     

Rescue of CardioSEAL PFO closure device malposition with Amplatzer PFO closure device at time of initial implantation.

This case report describes a patient undergoing patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure for recurrent transient ischemic attacks. A CardioSEAL device was placed, but immediately prolapsed into the left atrium in an unstable position. We describe a novel percutaneous technique that allowed capture of the CardioSEAL device and closure of the PFO.     

钙调素蛋白磷酸酶对Slingshot-1L的调控作用

目的 探讨钙调素依赖蛋白激酶(Calcinenurin/PP2B/CnA/Cn)对Slingshot-1L(SSH-1L)活性的调控作用.方法 用脂质体法将含YFP-SSH-1L的重组质粒转染至MG63细胞,经钙离子载体A23187诱导10 min,进行免疫细胞化学染色,观察细胞形态变化;体内及体外实验检测PP3B对SSH-1L的活性调控作用;应用免疫共沉实验检测PP2B与SSH-1L的相互结合情况.结果 Ca~(2+)信号诱导骨肉瘤细胞形成伪叶,同时SSH-1L与F-actin移位共聚集至细胞膜伪叶,但是被PP2B有效抑制剂Cypermethrin完全阻断;在体外,SSH-1L磷酸酶活性测定实验以及SSH-1L与PP2B结合实验证实SSH-1L与PP2B在细胞内是一对相互结合的蛋白质,同时PP2B具有促进SSH-1L酶活性的作用.结论 PP2B通路对细胞伪叶的形成及细胞运动具有重要调控作用,同时对SSH-1L酶具有促进其活性的作用.     

Ping-pong snaring of a totally dislodged stent across left main ostium: “All is not lost”

Undeployed stent loss is a rare but potentially serious complication of percutaneous coronary intervention. Its management is not assisted by well-defined guidelines, and it is made even more difficult when the dislodged stent is not protected by in situ guidewire. In this work, we present the case of a total stent loss with a crushed device protruding out of the left main. In this hopeless circumstance, an innovative ping-pong technique was used to contralaterally perform a successful stent retrieval.     

Effect of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) on mortality of total arch replacement in subacute/chronic type A aortic dissection

BackgroundPreoperative reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is a prognostic factor for postoperative mortality following cardiovascular surgery. We investigated the relationship between the LVEF and the outcome of total arch replacement (TAR) in patients with subacute/chronic type A aortic dissection (TAAD).MethodsA total of 136 patients with subacute/chronic TAAD who received a TAR at Beijing Anzhen hospital from January 2015 to January 2018 were included in the analysis. Univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were performed to assess the relationship between the LVEF and the surgical outcome in this subset of patients.ResultsThe in-hospital mortality rate 4.4%, and 6.6% of patients experienced neurologic complications. During the median follow-up period of 3.97 years [interquartile range (IQR) 3.20–4.67 years], the all-cause mortality was 10.3% (14/136). The multivariable Cox proportional hazards analysis demonstrated that reduced LVEF was an independent predictor of mid-term mortality (hazards ratio =0.93, 95% CI: 0.86–0.99, P=0.03). The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that patients with a LVEF <55% had a significantly worse prognosis than those with a LVEF ≥55%.ConclusionsDuring the mid-term follow-up period, subacute/chronic TAAD patients had a satisfactory surgical survival rate following TAR. Patients with a reduced LVEF had higher postoperative mortality following TAR. Thus, subacute/chronic TAAD patients with LVEF <55% should be carefully evaluated to determine their suitability for elective repair with TAR.     

含结核清和含对氨基水杨酸钠方案治疗耐多药肺结核疗效分析

目的　考核结核清抗结核的疗效并寻求治疗耐多药肺结核合理有效的方法。方法 选取39例耐多药肺结核患者,随机分为含结核清(DPC)组及含对氨基水杨酸钠(P)组。结果 两组方案满疗程后痰菌阴转率分别为95%、93%。X线胸片吸收好转率均为86%。随访二年复发率分别为5%、8%。以上两组结果比较差异均无显著性(P>0.05)。但P费用比DPC高数倍且含DPC组胃肠道反应及静脉炎发生率远低于含P组(P<0.05)。结论 DPC、P分别配合K、O、TH、Z组成的治疗耐多药肺结核方案安全有效,适用于耐多药结核的治疗,含DPC组的2 KOTHZ DPC/6-10 OTHZ DPC方案口服给药、费用较含P组低、副作用小患者易接受,值得推广。