Body mass index in fetal alcohol syndrome

Introduction: Prenatal alcohol exposure is an important cause of growth impairment. In this study we examined the stability of the growth measurements, including height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) percentiles, from birth to age at the time of diagnosis for subjects who were referred for evaluation to determine if they had fetal alcohol syndrome. Methods: We utilized subjects from the North Dakota Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Registry. Each person referred for assessment was provided a standardized assessment completed by a medical geneticist. We also examined differences in the diagnostic schema from the Institute of Medicine. The population consisted of 315 subjects with paired weight measurements, 234 subjects with paired height measurements, and 322 subjects with current BMI measurements. Results: Increases in weight percentiles and decreases in height percentiles were found. Children with FAS had consistently lower growth measurements. There was significant movement in and out of lower 5th and 10th percentiles by partial and no FAS children from birth to diagnosis. Discussion: The requirement for growth impairment needs to be broad rather than narrow, if most subjects with a diagnosis of FAS and partial FAS/ARND are to be captured.     

青年人体重指数与血脂水平关系的分析

目的:探讨青年人体重指数(BMI)与血脂(TC、TG)水平的关系。方法:整群抽样法抽取我社区21～44岁居民1082例,根据体重指数、年龄、性别分组,采用SK-CK超声波体重测量仪测量身高、体重,全自动生化仪测定空腹血清胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG),分别比较组间体重指数、血脂水平。结果:低体重组、正常组、超重组、肥胖组血脂水平逐渐增高(P<0.05);男性组体重指数、血脂水平均显著高于女性组(P<0.05);各年龄组体重指数、血脂水平无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:青年时期,超重和肥胖影响血脂水平,体重指数对潜在高脂血症有预报作用;性别对血脂有明确影响,而年龄对血脂无明显影响。     

绝经后女性握力和体重指数与骨密度的相关研究

目的 探讨绝经后女性握力和体重指数与骨密度之间的相关性.方法 收集2012年3月至2013年3月在天津市红桥医院检查治疗973名女性志愿者,所有志愿者均接受足跟部骨密度测量（T指数）、握力测试和体重指数测量并进行相关性分析.结果 在单变量分析中,握力和体重指数与T指数相关（Pearson相关系数分别为0.201、0.115,P=0.001、0.009）,年龄与T指数呈负相关（Pearson相关系数为-0.358,P=0.001）.骨质疏松发病率18.7％（182/973）.有骨质疏松和无骨质疏松绝经年龄、握力比较[绝经年龄（48±6）岁比（49±5）岁,P=0.020;握力（23±6）kg比（24±6） kg,P=0.001].结论 体重指数和握力二者均与骨密度密切相关,二者可作为预示骨疾病的关键因子.     

Association between body mass index and arsenic methylation efficiency in adult women from southwest U.S. and northwest Mexico

Human arsenic methylation efficiency has been consistently associated with arsenic-induced disease risk. Interindividual variation in arsenic methylation profiles is commonly observed in exposed populations, and great effort has been put into the study of potential determinants of this variability. Among the factors that have been evaluated, body mass index (BMI) has not been consistently associated with arsenic methylation efficiency; however, an underrepresentation of the upper BMI distribution was commonly observed in these studies. This study investigated potential factors contributing to variations in the metabolism of arsenic, with specific interest in the effect of BMI where more than half of the population was overweight or obese. We studied 624 adult women exposed to arsenic in drinking water from three independent populations. Multivariate regression models showed that higher BMI, arsenic (+ 3 oxidation state) methyltransferase (AS3MT) genetic variant 7388, and higher total urinary arsenic were significantly associated with low percentage of urinary arsenic excreted as monomethylarsonic acid (%uMMA) or high ratio between urinary dimethylarsinic acid and uMMA (uDMA/uMMA), while AS3MT genetic variant M287T was associated with high %uMMA and low uDMA/uMMA. The association between BMI and arsenic methylation efficiency was also evident in each of the three populations when studied separately. This strong association observed between high BMI and low %uMMA and high uDMA/uMMA underscores the importance of BMI as a potential arsenic-associated disease risk factor, and should be carefully considered in future studies associating human arsenic metabolism and toxicity.     

Violence perpetration and childhood abuse among men and women in substance abuse treatment

Despite an association between violence perpetration and substance use, the characteristics associated with violence among patients in treatment for substance use disorders (SUDs) are not well documented. Data were gathered from a national sample of men (n = 4,459) and women (n = 1,774) entering SUD treatment on history of violence perpetration, exposure to childhood physical abuse (CPA) and childhood sexual abuse (CSA), and reasons for entering treatment. Rates of violence perpetration were high (72% of men, 50% of women), and violence was associated with being referred by family members, prior SUD treatment, CPA, and CSA. In multivariate analyses, CPA was a significant correlate of violence perpetration across gender; however, CSA was only significant among women. Findings highlight the need for increased screening and treatment of violence perpetration among patients with SUD and suggest that CSA may be an important correlate of violence perpetration among women.     

Using the theory of reasoned action to determine physicians' intention to measure body mass index in children and adolescents

BackgroundOver the past few decades, childhood obesity has become a major public health issue in the United States. Numerous public and professional organizations recommend that physicians periodically screen for obesity in children and adolescents using the body mass index (BMI). However, studies have shown that physicians infrequently measure BMI in children and adolescents.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to use the theory of reasoned action (TRA) to explain physicians' intentions to measure BMI in children and adolescents. The study objectives were to (1) determine if attitude and subjective norm predict physicians' intention to measure BMI in children and adolescents; (2) determine if family physicians and pediatricians differ in terms of theoretical factors; and (3) assess differences in behavioral beliefs, outcome evaluations, normative beliefs, and motivation to comply among physicians based on their level of intention to measure BMI.MethodsA cross-sectional mailed survey of 2590 physicians (family physicians and pediatricians) practicing in 4 states was conducted. A self-administered questionnaire was designed that included items related to the TRA constructs. The association between the theoretical constructs was examined using correlation and regression analyses. Student's t test was used to determine differences between family physicians and pediatricians on theoretical constructs and to compare the underlying beliefs of nonintenders with intenders.ResultsThe usable response rate was 22.8%. Less than half (44%) of the physicians strongly intended to measure BMI in children and adolescents. Together, the TRA constructs attitude and subjective norm explained up to 49.9% of the variance in intention. Pediatricians had a significantly (P < .01) higher intention to measure BMI as compared to family physicians. There were significant (P < .01) behavioral and normative belief differences between physicians who intend and those who do not intend to measure BMI.ConclusionThe TRA is a useful model in identifying the factors that are associated with physicians' intentions to measure BMI.     

支气管哮喘与体重指数的相关研究

目的：探讨成人支气管哮喘及其严重程度与体重指数（BMI）相关性。方法：选择我院门诊2007年12月-2009年1月确诊为支气管哮喘患者83例,依据严重程度进行分级,并与对照组比较,分析其与BMI的关系。结果：支气管哮喘组BMI明显高于对照组,且在支气管哮喘轻、中、重度持续组中,BMI分别为（23．24±4．25）kg／m^2、（25．25±3．25）kg／m^2和（27．52±4．74）kg／m^2,3组比较差异有统计学意义。结论：支气管哮喘及其严重程度与BMI存在相关性。     

孕期体质指数及其增长对妊娠结局的影响

目的探讨体质指数 (BodyMassIndexBMI)及其增长对妊娠结局的影响。方法根据10 0 0例孕妇的身高及其孕 13周和终止妊娠前的体重 ,按公式计算其相应孕周的BMI,孕 13周至终止妊娠前BMI的总增幅和平均每周增幅 ,随访和比较孕期BMI不同增长状态的孕妇的妊娠结局。结果孕 13周BMI>2 3 7的孕妇 ,中重度妊高征的发生多于同孕周BMI≤ 2 3 7的孕妇 (P <0 0 1) ,中重度妊高征孕 13周后BMI平均每周增加 0 2 18± 0 0 49,与对照组比较差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5 ) ;孕 13周至终止妊娠前BMI总增幅≥ 6的孕妇 ,巨大儿及与之相关的剖宫产和高危新生儿的发生相应增加 ,与BMI总增幅 <6的孕妇比较 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 0 1和P <0 0 5 )。结论孕 13周BMI较高的孕妇 ,中重度妊高征发生增加 ;中重度妊高征 13周后BMI平均每周增幅高于无妊高征者 ,妊娠中晚期BMI总增幅较高者 ,巨大儿及与之相关的剖宫产和高危新生儿增加。提示 :孕 13周BMI>2 3 7可作为预测中重度妊高征的指标 ;避免孕期BMI大幅增长是改善妊娠结局的一项有价值的工作。     

体质量指数与妊娠糖尿病关系的研究进展

国内外依据体质量指数对妊娠期糖尿病孕妇进行营养与孕期保健指导,近年来体质量指数与妊娠期糖尿病关系的深入研究受到关注,研究结果尚没有明确定论.本文就体重指数与妊娠期糖尿病的关系的最新研究方向作一综述.     

Relationship between smoking status and body weight in a military population of young adults

The purpose of the present study was to determine the association between smoking and body weight in a cohort of young U.S. Air Force recruits (mean age = 20 years) enrolled in basic military training (N = 35 986). Twenty-two percent of recruits smoked daily prior to basic military training (n = 8087) and were compared to never smokers, former smokers, and experimental or nondaily smokers. A three-way interaction among smoking status, gender and ethnicity suggested a small effect for daily smoking among White male recruits only and no significant differences for female recruits or members of any other ethnic group. Although there was a statistically significant relationship between smoking and body weight in White males, the effect size was ~ 1 kg. These results suggest that the energy balance differences in body weight between young smokers and nonsmokers are minimal and that it would take decades to accrue the differences typically seen in adult smokers.     

新疆生产建设兵团60699例成年居民身体质量指数与高血压、糖尿病和血脂异常患病率的相关分析

目的 探讨新疆生产建设兵团成年居民身体质量指数（BMI）与高血压、糖尿病和血脂异常患病率的关系。方法2019年8月至2020年7月采用多阶段整群抽样，以≥18岁新疆生产建设兵团常住居民为调查对象，采用方差分析、偏相关分析和logistic回归分析，研究BMI与高血压、糖尿病和血脂异常患病率的关系。结果 60 699例研究对象中高血压、糖尿病和血脂异常的患病率分别为28.65%(17 384/60 699),10.01%(6 074/60 699),28.32%(17 182/60 699);BMI分层中正常体质量占46.98%，超重占37.80%，肥胖占15.22%；不同BMI分层中病人的血压、血糖和血脂水平差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；相关性分析中BMI与收缩压、舒张压、空腹血糖、总胆固醇、三酰甘油和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）呈正相关（P<0.05），与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）呈负相关（P<0.05）；多因素logistic回归分析显示，超重组的高血压、糖尿病和血脂异常患病风险是正常组的2.07倍、2.02倍和1.88倍；肥胖组的高血压、糖尿病和血...     

孕期体重指数对初产妇妊娠结局的影响

目的 探讨孕早期体重指数（BMI）和孕期体重增长幅度对初产妇妊娠结局的影响.方法 376例初产妇按孕早期BMI分为低体重组（BMI＜18.5 kg/m2）、正常组（18.5 kg/m2≤BMI≤23.5 kg/m2）和超重组（BMI＞23.5 kg/m2）;根据孕期体重增长幅度分为过低组、正常组和过多组,分析各组孕妇妊娠结局.结果 孕早期超重组和孕期体重增加过多组妊娠高血压、妊娠糖尿病、剖宫产、巨大儿、新生儿窒息的发生率均明显高于正常组和低体重组（或体重增加过低组）（P＜0.05）.产后出血发生率组间比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞O.05）.结论 孕早期超重和孕期体重增加过多是导致不良妊娠结局的高危因素.     

GDM孕妇孕前体质量指数及孕期体质量指数增加对分娩方式和母婴结局的影响

目的 探讨GDM孕妇孕前体质量指数及孕期体质量指数增加对分娩方式和母婴结局的影响.方法 选择264例GDM孕产妇,根据孕前BMI水平将264例孕产妇分为低BMI组(BMI＜18.5 kg/m2)、正常BMI组(18.5 kg/m2≤BMI＜25 kg/m2)、肥胖组(BMI≥25 kg/m2).参照IOM推荐的孕期增重标准,将264例孕产妇分为增重不足组、增重正常组、增重过多组.比较低BMI组、正常BMI组、肥胖组剖宫产率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息、产褥感染、巨大儿的发生情况.比较增重不足组、增重正常组、增重过多组剖宫产率、低体重儿的发生情况.结果 低BMI组剖宫产率明显高于正常BMI组,但低于肥胖组,胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息、产褥感染发生率明显低于肥胖组(P＜0.05);正常BMI组剖宫产率、胎儿窘迫、巨大儿、新生儿窒息发生率明显低于肥胖组(P＜0.05)增重不足组的剖宫产率、低体重儿发生率明显高于增重正常组和增重过多组(P＜0.05).结论 对围生期保健,测量孕产妇孕前身高、体重并计算其BMI,筛查出孕前肥胖者,纳入GDM高危妊娠管理,采取干预措施使其孕前BMI低于25 kg/m2,妊娠期合理控制体质量增长,以利于降低剖宫产率、巨大儿、胎儿窒息、新生儿窒息的发生风险,确保母儿的健康.     

维持性血液透析患者体质量指数与动脉粥样硬化、血压的相关性分析

目的 探讨维持性血透(MHD)患者体质量指数(BMI)与动脉硬化、血压(BP)的关系,进一步阐明MHD患者心血管疾病的发病机制.方法 对101例MHD患者的血压(BP)、内膜-中层厚度(IMT)和BMI进行相关性分析.结果 8％的患者透析后收缩压超过150 mm Hg,21％的患者舒张压超过90 mm Hg,与一般人群相反,BP和BMI之间存在负相关(r=-0.13,P＜0.01).体质量不足(BMI ＜20)患者中的高血压患者超过了正常体质量(BMI 20.0 -27.5)和超重患者(BMI ＞27.5),分别为35％ 、29％和20％.单因素回归分析示BP与BMI(r=-0.12,P＜0.01)呈负相关,IMT与BMI呈正相关(r=0.411,P＜0.05).结论 在持续性血透患者中营养不良与动脉粥样硬化和高血压的发生和发展有显著的相关性,BMI下降是心血管疾病发病率和病死率增加的独立危险因素.     

体重指数与心血管危险因素关系研究

目的 了解体重指数（BMI）与心血管危险因素的关系。方法 选取门诊有效体检者367人，进行体格检查和实验室检查。结果 正常组男112人，女101人；异常组男81人，女73人。男、女正常组和异常组间的年龄、身高差异均无显著意义（P〉0．05），但男、女正常组的体重、BMI均比异常组低（P〈0．01）。男女体检者BMI异常组的收缩压、舒张压、甘油三脂、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白、血糖与BMI正常组比较，均有极显著增加（P〈0．01），而高密度脂蛋白与BMI正常组相比，分别降低了26．8％和37．1％（P〈0．01）。结论 BMI与心血管危险因素有密切关系。     

Childhood sexual abuse and substance abuse treatment utilization among substance-dependent incarcerated women

Incarcerated women have high rates of substance abuse problems and trauma. A variety of variables may influence whether these women seek help or are referred for substance abuse problems. This study reports an exploratory project on service utilization among incarcerated substance-dependent women (N = 40) in southeastern Idaho. Using self-report and interview tools, most participants reported some substance abuse treatment history, although extent and types of treatment varied. Most of the women also reported some type of childhood abuse. Age, income, and consequences of alcohol and other drug use related positively to substance abuse treatment. However, severity of childhood sexual abuse and current trauma symptoms were negatively correlated with substance abuse treatment episodes. These women may use substances to cope with childhood trauma or may not perceive the substance abuse system as responsive to their co-occurring trauma symptoms.     

不同体重指数患者经皮肾镜碎石术的疗效分析

目的探讨不同体重指数患者经皮肾镜碎石术的疗效。方法选取我院117例经皮肾镜取石术患者,分为三组,分别是轻体重组（指数〈18.5）、正常体重组（指数18.5～24）,重体重组（指数〉24）,对比三组之间结石清除率、输血人数、住院天数、并发症等方面存有的差异,且检测并记录患者各时段的生命体征变化,统计分析体重指数对经皮肾镜碎石术患者的影响。结果所有患者都完成了手术治疗,清除结石效果良好,三组患者并发症发生几率存在统计学差异（P〈0.05）,但是手术结果并不存在差异。结论肥胖无法影响到经皮肾镜碎石手术的最后结果 ,并发症也不会增加发生率;体重指数较低的患者受到自身素质影响,发生并发症情况多于其他患者,中心静脉压也会相应升高;生理盐水灌注时会导致体重轻的患者减少血红蛋白量,需对症治疗。     

颈围和体重指数对OSAHS患者睡眠呼吸参数的影响

目的了解阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)患者的颈围和体重指数对其睡眠呼吸参数的影响。方法符合OSAHS临床诊断标准的患者141例,利用多导睡眠分析系统的监测记录,根据患者的不同颈围和体重指数分组,比较其睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)和夜间最低血氧饱和度(LSaO2)的差异。结果不同颈围和体重指数的患者之间AHI差异有统计学意义(P<0.01,P<0.05)。不同颈围和体重指数的患者之间LSaO2差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论颈围和体重指数是影响OSAHS患者睡眠呼吸参数的相关因素。     

健康查体者体重指数与肝酶及脂肪肝关系的探讨

目的：探讨健康查体者体重指数（BMI）与肝酶及脂肪肝的关系。方法选取笔者所在医院2014年1~5月的107例健康查体者,测量其身高、体重、肝功能,行肝脏彩超检查。根据BMI进行分组,对每组肝酶及脂肪肝情况进行分析。结果3组肝酶指标比较显示仅超重者和肥胖者ALT、GGT与正常组的ALT、GGT比较差异有统计学意义,其余指标比较差异无统计学意义;3组脂肪肝患者的情况比较差异均有统计学意义。结论超重者和肥胖者的ALT、GGT与正常组比较均升高,其余指标比较无异常,对于因肥胖导致的脂肪肝,ALT及GGT变化最早、最敏感,随着体重指数的增加,脂肪肝患病率越来越高,脂肪肝程度越来越严重。     

不同性别体检人群体质指数与血尿酸水平及胰岛素抵抗的相关性研究

目的 研究体质指数与血尿酸水平及胰岛素抵抗之间的关系.方法 1725例体检者根据体质指数分为正常体重组(302例)、超重组(799例)和肥胖组(624例),按不同性别分析体质指数与血尿酸水平及胰岛素抵抗的关系.结果 超重组和肥胖组的血尿酸水平和胰岛素抵抗指数均明显高于正常体重组[(368±84) mol/L、(398±95)μmol/L比(327±89)μmol/L;(3.0±1.3)、(3.7±1.4)比(1.6±1.4),均P＜0.01],肥胖组血尿酸水平明显高于超重组(P＜0.0l).男性中血尿酸水平、胰岛素抵抗指数肥胖组和超重组均明显高于正常体重组[(413±90)μmol/L、(382±82)μmol/L比(366±84) μmol/L,(3.7±1.7)、(2.9±1.1)比(1.6士1.7),P＜0.05或P＜0.01],肥胖组明显高于超重组(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).女性中肥胖组和超重组血尿酸水平均明显高于正常体重组[(340±94) μmol/L、(315±72)μmol/L比(278±69)μmol/L,P＜0.01],肥胖组明显高于超重组(P＜0.05),肥胖组胰岛素抵抗指数明显高于正常体重组(P＜0.01).Pearson相关分析显示,无论在全部人群中,还是在男性和女性人群中,体质指数均与血尿酸水平(r分别为0.307、0.234、0.346)、胰岛素抵抗指数(r分别为0.162、0.168、0.147)呈正相关(均P＜0.01).多元线性回归显示,全部人群和男性人群中体质指数仍与血尿酸水平和胰岛素抵抗指数显著相关;女性人群中体质指数仅与血尿酸水平显著相关.结论 随体质指数增高,不同性别体检人群血尿酸水平及胰岛素抵抗指数明显增加.