2005～2008年我院门诊处方合理用药指标干预调研

目的：了解我院门诊用药处方指标的现状。方法：对我院2005～2008年门诊患者用药情况进行回顾性调查与分析。结果：4年中,每次就诊的处方药平均品种数由2.40下降到2.28;应用抗菌药物比例由20.74%下降到20.06%,使用品种数由116种下降到109种;应用注射剂的比例由11.84%下降到8.94%,使用品种数由304种下降到279种。结论：我院目前门诊处方平均用药品种数、抗菌药物及注射剂使用品种数和所占比例等指标基本合理,全面、有效的干预措施在促进合理用药方面具有可操作性和可实现性。     

我院门诊处方合理用药指标干预调研

目的:了解我院门诊处方用药指标现状。方法:回顾性调查我院2005~2007年门诊患者的用药情况。结果:3年来,我院门诊处方平均用药品种数由2.40种下降到2.25种;抗菌药物应用比例由20.74%下降到20.25%,应用品种数由116种下降至110种;注射剂应用比例由11.84%下降至9.48%,应用品种数由304种下降至299种。结论:我院门诊处方平均用药品种数、抗菌药物与注射剂应用品种数及所占比例等指标基本合理;全面、有效的干预措施在促进合理用药方面具有可操作性和可实现性。     

门诊用药及医患沟通的现状调查

目的：了解本院临床用药现状,促进药品合理使用。方法：按照卫生部《处方管理办法》,结合WHO支持的合理用药国际指标和本地药品监督管理部门制定的处方评价表内容,对处方质量及患者关怀情况进行分项调查、填表统计。结果：平均用药数为2．92种,抗生素应用比例为27．O％,注射剂应用比例为20．3％,基本药物应用比例为98．9％,处方药物通用名称比例100．0％,处方平均金额71．63元;平均就诊时间为7．00rnin,应诊而不使用药物的比例为0．0％。平均调配时间为35S,药品实际调配比例为100％,药品标示完整比例为100％,患者用药知晓率为88．0％。总共发现不合理处方141张,占总例数的3．92％;其中,联合用药不合理占不合理处方的27．9％,诊断与药物适应证不符占24．5％,用法不合理占16．4＆,用量不合理占15．7％,剂量不合理占13．4％,给药途径不合理占2．1％。结论：采用合理用药国际指标及处方质量评价用药具有可操作性,医院应结合调研结果采取合理有效的措施,促进医院用药水平提高。     

我院临床不合理用药及基本药物处方分析

目的:了解我院不合理用药及基本药物使用情况,促进和提高我院合理用药水平。方法:随机抽取我院2008年6月-2009年12月西药处方2047张,统计其不合理用药类型、不合理用药处方张数、基本药物处方张数并计算其比例。结果:不合理用药处方326张,占整个处方比例的15.92%;基本药物处方742张,占整个处方比例的36.2%。结论:我院不合理用药较为严重,基本药物使用比例较低。     

Correlates of Salvia divinorum use in a national sample: findings from the 2009 National Survey on Drug Use and Health

Salvia, a hallucinogenic plant legally available in most of the United States, has become a widely discussed drug in the media. The extant research on Salvia use relies on non-probability samples and studies of college students. There is a clear need for research that identifies the correlates of Salvia use using data from a large sample that is nationally representative. The current study fills this important gap in the literature by using data from the 2009 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. This survey includes data from nearly 70,000 respondents ages 12 and older living in all 50 U.S. states and the District of Columbia. Due to survey design, separate analyses are conducted among adolescents and adults. Findings indicate that 1.66% of adolescents (respondents ages 12 to 17) and 5.08% of adults (respondents ages 18-34) report the use of Salvia at some point in their lifetime. Correlates of use among adolescents include age, gender, income, peer and parent attitudes toward substance use, and other forms of drug use. Correlates of use among adults include age, gender, race, religiosity, marital status, criminal involvement, and other forms of substance use. Implications of the findings and limitations of the current study are discussed.     

Hispanics and Illicit Drug Use: A Review of Recent Findings

Patients who completed a detoxification/rehabilitation drug abuse program were compared with program dropouts on a new personality instrument, the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory. No differences were found between groups on any of the 20 comparison variables, replicating previous results with the MMPI. Data are presented showing that discriminant function predictors lose their potency within 3 years and maybe sooner. It is concluded that clinical judgments must form the basis of predicting dropouts until it can be demonstrated that personality tests can make reliable predictions on treatment dropouts.     

门、急诊处方基本指标调查与用药分析

目的:了解我院门、急诊处方质量和用药情况。方法:采用回顾性调查方法,对我院门、急诊2006年4月12934张处方进行质量及不合理用药分析。结果:就诊人均用药品种为2.32种,人均药费为105.35元,注射剂应用率为21.22%,抗菌药物应用率为19.06%,"医保"药品应用率为85%,药品通用名应用率为99.83%,不合格处方226张(占1.75%),不合理用药处方359张(占2.78%)。结论:我院门、急诊处方书写合格率较高,药品通用名应用规范,药品应用结构较合理,注射剂应用率偏高。应重视不合理用药中存在的问题。     

Drug Use Among Texas Alternative School Students: Findings from Houston's Safer Choices 2 Program

Abstract

Self-report drug use data were collected from 494 alternative school students, grades seven through 12, surveyed through the Safer Choices 2 study in Houston, Texas. Data were collected between October 2000 and March 2001 via audio-enabled laptop computers equipped with headphones. Twenty-eight percent of the sample reported past-month marijuana use, and 10% reported past-month opiate/codeine use. Males were almost twice as likely as females to have used cocaine during the past month, and over four times as likely to have used opiates/codeine during the past month. Students 16 years and older and were twice as likely to have ever used cocaine and opi ates/codeine than students under 16 years. Latinos were 10 times more likely than Blacks to have ever used cocaine; Blacks were twice as likely as Latinos to have used opiates/codeine during the past month. Males were twice as likely as females to have tried “fry,” a new street drug made of tobacco or marijuana mixed with embalming fluid and PCP. These new drug trends are startling because they indicate a potential for long-term treatment services for abusers.     

肾内科住院患者抗菌药物使用情况调查分析

目的 探讨肾内科住院患者抗茵药物应用情况,以利其合理应用.方法 回顾性分析2010年5月1日至8月31日出院患者的病历261份,分别统计抗茵药物使用品种、时间等.结果 抗茵药物使用率74.71%,共计9类21种,平均使用11.13 d;单一用药占60.00%,二联用药占29.23%;更换用药率占24.62%;应用特殊使用的抗菌药占6.15%;使用疗程1-3 d的占13.85%,8-14 d的占46-15%,结论肾内科使用抗菌药物基本合理.但仍待规范.     

The topography of multiple drug use among adolescent Australians: Findings from the National Drug Strategy Household Survey

Introduction and aims

Despite evidence that many Australian adolescents have considerable experience with various drug types, little is known about the extent to which adolescents use multiple substances. The aim of this study was to examine the degree of clustering of drug types within individuals, and the extent to which demographic and psychosocial predictors are related to cluster membership.

Design and method

A sample of 1402 adolescents aged 12–17 years were extracted from the Australian 2007 National Drug Strategy Household Survey. Extracted data included lifetime use of 10 substances, gender, psychological distress, physical health, perceived peer substance use, socioeconomic disadvantage, and regionality. Latent class analysis was used to determine clusters, and multinomial logistic regression employed to examine predictors of cluster membership.

Result

There were 3 latent classes. The great majority (79.6%) of adolescents used alcohol only, 18.3% were limited range multidrug users (encompassing alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana), and 2% were extended range multidrug users. Perceived peer drug use and psychological distress predicted limited and extended multiple drug use. Psychological distress was a more significant predictor of extended multidrug use compared to limited multidrug use.

Discussion and conclusion

In the Australian school-based prevention setting, a very strong focus on alcohol use and the linkages between alcohol, tobacco and marijuana are warranted. Psychological distress may be an important target for screening and early intervention for adolescents who use multiple drugs.     

Gender differences in the use of alcohol and prescription drugs in relation to job insecurity. Testing a model of mediating factors

BackgroundThe results of several studies suggest that economy-related stressors are less distressing for women compared with men. This study proposed to examine the relationship of perceived job insecurity with the use of licit drugs using a theoretical model that considered antecedents and mediators of this association, in order to identify differences between working men and women.MethodsUsing information from the Catalan Health Survey (2010–2014), we selected working individuals aged 16–64 who were primary providers of household income (N = 5315). The outcomes were two measures of alcohol consumption (heavy drinking and binge drinking) and the use of hypnotics/sedatives. As antecedents of the exposure to job insecurity we considered the type of contractual relationship and occupational class. The mediating factors were poor mental health, household structure and the hours of housework per week. The theoretical model was assessed using path analysis where the moderating effect of gender was considered in all the associations.ResultsNo differences in the prevalence of job insecurity were found between men and women (17%). Job insecurity (Odds ratio [OR] = 1.35, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.23–1.48) and house workload (OR = 1.01, 95% CI = 1.00–1.02) were positively associated with poor mental health, with no significant interactions with gender. Poor mental health was significantly associated with binge drinking (OR = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.13–1.33) and with the use of hypnotics/sedatives (OR = 1.71, 95% CI = 1.53–1.91). House workload showed a direct negative association with binge drinking (OR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.98–1.00), while those in households with no children were more likely to be binge drinkers, with no significant interactions with gender. An alternative model had better fitting results for heavy drinking.ConclusionNo gender differences were found in the association of job insecurity with mental health nor with the use of substances among primary providers of household income, emphasising the importance of social roles when assessing differences in mental health among men and women.