经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗单纯胆囊结石、胆囊息肉临床观察

目的观察经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗单纯胆囊结石、胆囊息肉的临床效果。方法单纯胆囊结石或胆囊息肉患者46例,其中24例采用经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术(TSP-LC)(单孔组),22例采用传统四孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术(多孔组)。两组患者年龄、性别、病情等比较,P均>0.05。观察两组手术时间、术中出血量、术中及术后并发症情况、疼痛情况、术后排气时间、住院时间、治疗费用。结果两组患者均顺利完成手术,无术中及术后死亡病例,无中转开腹手术病例。单孔组有3例因肥胖、胆汁渗漏、三角解剖结构不清楚等改行多孔腹腔镜手术,2例术后发生腹腔内残余感染。多孔组有1例术后出现切口脂肪液化,1例因胆囊床积液行术后超声引导下穿刺治疗。单孔组手术时间为(76.41±19.34)min,长于多孔组的(28.16±10.62)min,P<0.05。术后第1天单孔组VAS为(4.21±1.16)分,低于多孔组的(5.98±2.01)分,P<0.05。手术瘢痕满意度单孔组为95.2%,高于多孔组的86.4%(P<0.05)。结论 TSP-LC治疗单纯胆囊结石、胆囊息肉患者住院时间短、术后疼痛轻、瘢痕少、疗效较好。     

经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术的临床应用体会(附15例报告)

目的总结经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除(TUSPLC)的手术经验与应用体会。方法回顾性分析2009年6月至2011年1月完成的15例行TUSPLC患者的临床资料。结果 15例患者手术均获成功,平均手术时间为75 min(50～90 min),平均出血12 ml(10～15 ml),经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术术后平均住院3 d(2～4 d),均未放置引流管,术后无出血及胆汁漏等并发症发生。患者恢复良好,脐部无明显手术瘢痕。结论 TUSPLC切口美观,安全可行,但操作难度较传统腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)大,进一步完善脐部操作装置及手术器械,可望在一定程度上取代传统LC。     

腹腔镜在肝脏疾病治疗中的应用(附11例报告)

1994年 5月～ 1 998年 1 2月 ,我院应用腹腔镜技术对肝囊肿、左叶小肝癌、肝脓肿进行了手术治疗。现报告如下。1　临床资料本组男 5例 ,女 6例 ;年龄 40～ 6 5岁。术前根据病史、B超、CT、AFP等检查 ,诊断为肝囊肿 9例 ,胆囊结石伴肝脓肿 1例 ,胆囊结石伴门静脉高压、左肝小肝癌 1例。9例肝囊肿中多发 1例 ,单发 8例 ;囊肿位于肝左叶 2例 ,右叶 7例 ;囊肿最大 1 5 cm× 1 2 cm× 1 0 cm,最小3cm× 3cm× 3cm。2　手术方法采用气管插管全身麻醉。在脐下缘作 1 cm切口 ,气腹针穿刺造成气腹 ,然后置入腹腔镜观察见位于肝表面的囊肿为灰白色 …     

单孔腹腔镜阑尾切除术治疗老年急性阑尾炎的疗效

目的探讨老年患者经脐单孔腹腔镜阑尾切除术的临床价值。方法调查该院2013年5月至2014年5月63例老年阑尾炎患者,在脐孔切口3 cm应用单孔腹腔镜器械完成腹腔镜下阑尾切除手术。结果 62例患者完成手术,1例术中发现回盲部肿瘤改行右半结肠切除术,1例患者术后切口感染,全部患者4 d后出院。术后随访6个月,62例患者无切口感染、肠瘘、再发右下腹痛等并发症发生。结论经脐单孔腹腔镜阑尾切除术简单易行、安全、并发症少、恢复快、美容效果较好,适用于老年患者。     

经脐单孔腹腔镜全子宫切除术患者的护理

目的总结经脐单孔腹腔镜全子宫切除术的护理经验,为该术的护理提供临床借鉴。方法选取2014-01～2017-12实施经脐单孔腹腔镜全子宫切除术患者80例,对其临床资料进行回顾性分析并总结护理经验。结果 80例患者手术均获成功,无术中、术后严重并发症发生。术后切口疼痛评分平均得分为(1.10±0.26)分,术后肛门排气平均时间为(24.00±8.24) h,平均住院时间为(6.56±0.82) d,脐部切口美容满意度为(4.81±0.38)分。出院后至3个月随访,患者对腹壁切口美容效果满意,脐部切口愈合好,无明显瘢痕,均未发生手术切口不良愈合、切口感染、切口疝等情况,大小便正常。结论在经脐单孔腹腔镜全子宫切除术围手术期采取积极、有效的护理措施,可减少手术并发症的发生及加快患者的康复速度。     

单孔腹腔镜直肠前切除术的临床应用

目的探讨常规腹腔镜器械在单孔腹腔镜直肠前切除术中的可行性和安全性。 方法采用常规腹腔镜器械,完成3例经脐单孔腹腔镜直肠前切除术。 结果3例患者平均手术时间155 min,术中出血量50～100 ml。随访2年,肿瘤无复发。结果 无一例中转开腹,手术时间平均(123±85) min,平均失血量为87 ml。下切缘为2～5 cm;术后平均住院时间为8 d ;吻合口漏1例,无盆腔感染、肠梗阻、腹腔及盆腔出血、吻合口出血及吻合口狭窄等并发症。 结论采用常规腹腔镜器械经脐行单孔腹腔镜直肠前切除术安全可行。     

经腹腔镜手术治疗腹腔实质脏器囊肿93例疗效观察

采用腹腔镜行囊肿切开或切除后引流治疗肝囊肿78例、脾囊肿11例、胰腺囊肿4例。结果成功完成手术90例,中转开放手术3例。手术时间40～280 min,平均78.5 min;出血5～30ml,平均15 ml;术后住院时间3～7d,平均4.2 d。无腹腔感染、胆漏、胰漏和出血等术后并发症。术后随访1～13个月,无复发。认为腹腔镜手术治疗肝囊肿、脾囊肿和胰腺囊肿效果满意、创伤小、瘢痕小,患者痛苦轻、恢复快、住院时间短,是治疗肝、脾、胰腺囊肿的较好方法。     

经脐单孔腹腔镜手术治疗小儿复杂性阑尾炎的效果分析

目的分析经脐单孔腹腔镜手术治疗小儿复杂性阑尾炎的效果。方法选择2017-07～2019-10该院收治的复杂性阑尾炎患儿86例,采用随机数字表法将其分为开腹手术组和经脐单孔腹腔镜组,每组43例。开腹手术组行传统开腹手术治疗,经脐单孔腹腔镜组行经脐单孔腹腔镜手术治疗,对比两组患儿的治疗效果。结果经脐单孔腹腔镜组手术时间、手术切口长度、术后肛门排气时间、首次下床活动时间、引流时间和住院时间均明显短于开腹手术组(P 0.05),术中出血量明显少于开腹手术组(P 0.05)。经脐单孔腹腔镜组术后视觉模拟量表(VAS)疼痛评分、止痛药使用率、并发症发生率均显著低于开腹手术组(P 0.05)。两组患儿术后第3天的白细胞(WBC)、C-反应蛋白(CRP)水平均较术前显著降低(P 0.05);但两组术前、术后第3天比较差异无统计学意义(P 0.05)。结论经脐单孔腹腔镜手术治疗小儿复杂性阑尾炎具有较好的临床效果,可准确定位坏死阑尾,有效减轻术后疼痛,术后并发症较少,术后恢复快。     

经脐单孔腹腔镜手术与传统腹腔镜手术应用于子宫内膜癌分期手术的效果对比研究

目的探讨经脐单孔腹腔镜在子宫内膜癌分期手术治疗中的安全性及可行性,以拓展经脐单孔腹腔镜在妇科恶性肿瘤手术中的应用。方法选取广西壮族自治区人民医院妇科2014-06～2018-06收治的100例子宫内膜癌患者作为研究对象,按手术方式分为观察组和对照组,各50例。观察组行经脐单孔腹腔镜子宫内膜癌分期手术,对照组行传统腹腔镜子宫内膜癌分期手术。对患者的术中、术后情况进行对比分析。结果两组手术时间、术中出血量、盆腔淋巴结清扫个数、切口愈合不良、术后病率及术后排气时间差异无统计学意义(P0. 05)。观察组住院天数短于对照组,术后24 h视觉模拟量表(Visual Analogue Scale,VAS)评分明显低于对照组,术后美容效果较对照组满意,差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。结论经脐单孔腹腔镜手术应用于子宫内膜癌分期手术是安全、可行的,且具有术后恢复快、疼痛少、美容效果好、住院天数少等优点,值得推广。     

经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术疗效观察

目的观察经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术的疗效。方法 17例胆囊疾病患者,均于脐部上方做一长1.5cm弧形切口,用自制防漏气装置建立腹腔镜操作通道,用普通腔镜器械行胆囊切除术。结果手术均获成功。术中无操作孔相关并发症。手术时间50-90 min。未放置引流管,术后无并发症。结论经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术安全有效。     

Transumbilical single-incision endoscopic splenectomy:Report of ten cases

AIM:To investigate the feasibility and clinical application of transumbilical single-incision endoscopic splenectomy using conventional laparoscopic instruments.METHODS:Between 2010 and 2012,transumbilical single-incision endoscopic splenectomy was performed in 10 patients in our department,of whom 4 had refractory idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura,4 had enlarged splenic cyst and 2 had splenic hematoma.A2.5-cm curved incision was made at the lower umbilicus edge,and a 10 mm laparoscope was inserted into the middle of the incision.A 5-mm harmonic scalpel was placed on the right side,and a 5-mm auxiliary instrument on the left side of the laparoscope.Splenic ligaments were incised with a harmonic scalpel,and the splenic pedicle was cut with an Endo-gastrointestinal anastomosis.The spleen was dissected and placed in a large retrieval bag,blended,and then removed.RESULTS:All transumbilical single-incision endoscopic splenectomies were performed successfully with mean operative time of 80±5 min and mean blood loss of150±20 mL.Conversion to laparotomy or multi-port laparoscopic surgery was not required in all cases.All patients were discharged on postoperative days 4-6.During the postoperative hospitalization period,no painkillers were required.No intra-abdominal complications such as infection,ascites,gastric leakage,pancreatic leakage,or wound infection occurred in any case during the 6-mo follow-up.CONCLUSION:Transumbilical single-incision endoscopic splenectomy using conventional laparoscopic instruments is technically feasible and safe in selected patients.     

Outpatient single-incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy in 22 patients with gallbladder disease

BACKGROUND:Transumbilical single-incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy(SILC)is a new procedure.It has been described by some authors as scarless surgery.To our knowledge,however, there has been no study on outpatient SILC.The present study was designed to determine the safety,feasibility and benefits of transumbilical outpatient SILC. METHODS:Twenty-two patients underwent transumbilical outpatient SILC at our department from December 2008 to October 2009.In all patients,the preoperative work-up and operation were completed in the outpatient clinic.To perform the operation,a 2-to 2.5-cm semi-circular incision was made around the umbilicus and three 5-mm trocars were inserted separately by direct puncture.A 5-mm flexible laparoscope, an UltraCision harmonic scalpel and curved instruments were used to perform the laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC) procedure. RESULTS:All patients except one were operated on successfully. The conversion rate to standard LC was 5%.In the 21 successfully completed patients,the median duration of operation was 56.5 minutes and estimated operative blood loss was 16.2 ml.The time to resume liquid food was 10.8 hours and semi-liquid food was 16.2 hours after the operation.Nine patients went home on the same day,and 12 on the second day after the operation.The mean postoperative hospital observation time was 18.5 hours.Urinary retention was observed in 1 patient.The follow-up was conducted for all patients at 2 weeks after surgery.All patients were satisfied with the good cosmetic effect of the surgery.The total satisfaction rate was 95%.CONCLUSIONS:Outpatient SILC is a safe and feasible technique for operating with fewer scars and reducing perioperative discomfort at the same time.A direct puncture method to insert trocars is technically feasible.Using a flexible laparoscope and curved instruments make the procedure easier and more time-saving.     

Learning curve of transumbilical suture-suspension single-incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy

AIM: To investigate the learning curve of transumbilical suture-suspension single-incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy (SILC). METHODS: The clinical data of 180 consecutive transumbilical suture-suspension SILCs performed by a team in our department during the period from August 2009 to March 2011 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into nine groups according to operation dates, and each group included 20 patients operated on consecutively in each time period. The surgical outcome was assessed by comparing operation time, blood loss during operation, and complications between groups in order to evaluate the improvement in technique.RESULTS: A total of 180 SILCs were successfully performed by five doctors. The average operation time was 53.58 ± 30.08 min (range: 20.00-160.00 min) and average blood loss was 12.70 ± 11.60 mL (range: 0.00-100.00 mL). None of the patients were converted to laparotomy or multi-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy. There were no major complications such as hemorrhage or biliary system injury during surgery. Eight postoperative complications occurred mainly in the first three groups (n = 6), and included ecchymosis around the umbilical incision (n = 7) which resolved without special treatment, and one case of delayed bile leakage in group 8, which was treated by ultrasound-guided puncture and drainage. There were no differences in intraoperative blood loss, postoperative complications and length of postoperative hospital stay among the groups. Bonferroni’s test showed that the operation time in group 1 was significantly longer than that in the other groups (F = 7.257, P = 0.000). The majority of patients in each group were discharged within 2 d, with an average postoperative hospital stay of 1.9 ± 1.2 d. CONCLUSION: Following scientific principles and standard procedures, a team experienced in multi-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy can master the technique of SILC after 20 cases.     

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in patients with liver cirrhosis

BACKGROUND: Initially considered a contraindication to the surgical laparoscopy, cirrhosis have been an occasional discovery during this procedure. Until now many series reported in the literature suggest that the majority of the surgeons still consider cirrhosis as contraindication to the laparoscopic cholecystectomy. AIM: To evaluate our experience in laparoscopic treatment of the cholelithiasis in cirrhotic patient. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Six hundred and four patients with symptomatic cholelithiasis were operated on Clinical and Surgical Gastroenterology Unit, "Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre", Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, during the period from May 1993 to May 2000. Of these, 10 (1,6%) presented hepatic cirrhosis. The patients' age was between 22 and 69 years (average of 50,4 +/- 18,1). Eight patients (80%) were female. The alcohol was the etiological factor in four, chronic hepatitis B and C, primary biliary cirrhosis and of alfa-1 antitripsin deficiency in one patient each. In two patient the causal agent was not identified. RESULTS: Cholecystectomy was accomplished in all patients and in seven also diagnostic hepatic biopsy. In two (20%) the surgery was converted. The result of the intraoperative cholangiography was normal in all cases. In seven patients the postoperative was uneventfull. Clinically controlled ascite was observed in two (20%). Both were Child A at the moment of the surgery. The last patient, Child C, died. He presented irreversible hepatic failure. CONCLUSIONS: Despite larger experience still should be acquired, it seems that laparoscopic is a safe approach in well compensated cirrhotic patients with symptomatic cholelithiasis. In Child C patients we believed that all of the efforts should be driven to the improvement of the hepatic function or a less invasive method such as cholecystostomy.     

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy for left-sided gallbladder: report of two cases

We report two cases in which patients, who had different junctions of the cystic duct with the common bile duct (CBD), with left-sided gallbladders were treated with laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The first patient, a 69-year-old man, could be diagnosed intraoperatively, and his cystic duct joined the CBD from the right side. The gallbladder of the second patient, a 52-year-old woman, was located on the left side of the CBD, and the cystic duct entered the left hepatic duct directly. In both instances, successful laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed, and the patients recovered uneventfully. We describe these cases and discuss the key procedures for safe laparoscopic cholecystectomy for a left-sided gallbladder from our experience and a review of the relevant literature.     

经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术后切口感染预防策略

目的 观察新的预防方案对经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术后切口感染的预防效果.方法 经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者57例随机分为观察组31例和对照组26例.观察组切口感染预防措施：术前24 h常规备皮后应用双氧水消毒,安尔碘消毒两遍,最后放置安尔碘棉球于脐部至手术开始;麻醉诱导前半小时预防性应用头孢西丁钠2.0g;切口缝合前应用庆大霉素生理盐水清洗切口;术后24 h换药,术后72 h第2次换药并拆线出院.对照组按照传统措施进行防感染处理.分别于术后12、24、36、48、60、72 h检测两组体温、WBC、中性粒细胞比率（GR）,观察切口局部有无红肿热痛症状,统计两组切口感染发生率.结果 对照组术后24、36、48、60h体温高于观察组,术后24、72 h WBC高于观察组,术后24、72 h GR高于观察组（P均＜0.05）.观察组术后体温、WBC、GR较术前略升高,但无统计学意义,对照组体温、WBC、GR较术前升高（P均＜0.05）.观察组无切口感染（0％）,对照组2例（7.7％）,两组切口感染发生率相比,P ＜0.05.结论 用新预防方案即术前应用双氧水、安尔碘消毒、麻醉诱导前预防性应用抗生素、调整术后换药时间可降低经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术后切口感染发生率.     

Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy in Patients with Previous Gastrectomy

Abstract: This study was designed to assess outcome, morbidity and mortality in patients with a previous history of gastrectomy who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy at Teikyo University Hospital at Mizonokuchi. From May 1990 through April 1995, 18 patients who had an upper midline incision from previous gastric surgery underwent attempted or successful laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Previous gastric operations included subtotal gastrectomy with Billroth l/ll anastomosis for ulcer diseases and total gastrectomy with jejunal interposition for gastric cancer. Preoperative ultrasound was done in all cases, ERCP in nine cases and drip infusion cholangiography in three cases to assess and evaluate the biliary system. Intraoperative cholangiography was done in the latter eight cases. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was successful in all but one patient who had severe adhesions necessitating conversion to an open cholecystectomy. Overall results were very similar in patients with and without a previous history of gastric surgery who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy at this institution. It was also found that intraoperative difficulties and a prolonged operative time did not correlate with the nature of the previous operation, but rather with the severity of adhesions identified during surgery. Although the number of cases in this study was very small, the results indicate that if the surgeon is experienced and well prepared patients with a previous history of gastrectomy can also undergo laparoscopic cholecystectomy safely and with maximum benefit. We conclude that these patients should not be denied the advantages of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. A trial laparoscopic procedure is warranted although the conversion rate to open cholecystectomy may be high.     

25例肝包虫囊肿破入胆道的诊治体会

目的探讨肝包虫囊肿破入胆道的诊断及治疗方式。方法回顾分析我院2001年～2011年行手术治疗的25例肝包虫囊肿破入胆道患者的临床表现、实验室检验、影像学检查、手术方式及治疗效果。结果超声、CT、磁共振胰胆管成像(MRCP)及内镜逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)对于肝包虫囊肿破入胆道均具有良好的诊断价值,其中ERCP诊断价值最高,确诊率可达100%。25例患者中22例手术方式为胆囊切除、胆总管探查、T管引流+肝包虫残腔引流,其余3例行胆囊切除、胆总管探查、T管引流+肝包虫病灶根治性切除。所有患者均痊愈出院。结论超声因普及易行,应作为诊断肝包虫囊肿破入胆道的首选辅助检查,MRCP检查具有诊断准确率高和无创等优点,ERCP则对肝包虫囊肿破入胆道诊断率最高。胆囊切除、胆总管探查、T管引流+肝包虫残腔引流应作为肝包虫囊肿破入胆道首选手术方式,对于部分复杂病例可行胆囊切除、胆总管探查、T管引流+肝包虫病灶根治性切除,效果良好。     

Mirizzi综合征的诊断与腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗的体会

目的 探讨Ｍｉｒｉｚｚｉ综合征的诊断和应用腹腔镜胆囊切除术（ＬＣ）治疗１型Ｍｉｒｉｚｚｉ综合征。方法 对３５例１型Ｍｉｒｉｚｚｉ综合征病例,在诊断和ＬＣ的方法进行回顾性分析。结果 该综合征１型在术前确诊２６例（７４．２９％）,其中临床症状结合Ｂ诊断１１例（２５．７１％）,３５例ＬＣ中转开腹胆囊切主４例,延期剖腹及ＥＲＣＰ诊断１５例（５７．６９％）,术中确诊９例（２５．７１％）。３５例ＬＣ中 工腹胆