绝经后心肌梗死患者性激素与脂代谢关系的临床研究

目的:探讨绝经后心肌梗死（MI）患者性激素（SH）与脂代谢之间的关系。方法:利用放免法、免疫酶法、酶法分别检测绝经后妇女MI组（30例）和绝经后妇女对照组（30例）血中雌二醇（E2）、孕酮（P）、睾酮（T）、脂蛋白（a）[Lp（a）]、甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）水平。结果:与绝经后妇女对照组相比,绝经后MI组E2、E2/P、E2/T、HDL-C水平显著降低（100.35±41.26pmol/L:148.38±46.44pmol/L,P<0.001,90.52±65·48:149.75±116.74,P<0.05,104.52±64.24:154.22±111.34,P<0.05,0.95±0.30mmol/L:1.12±0.43mmol/L,P<0.05）,Lp（a）、LDL-C、TG、TC水平明显升高（21.31±17.93 mg/dl:13.52±13.04mg/dl,P<0.05.2.98±1.04mmol/L:2.15±1.19mmol/L,P<0.05,1.63±1.44mmol/L:1.13±0.55mmol/L,P<0.05,4.23±0.94mmol/L:3.50±1.36mmol/L,P<0.05）,E2与Lp（a）、LDL-C均呈负相关（r=-0.373,P<0.05,r=-0.635,P<0.01）,与HDL-C呈正相关（r=0.378,P<0.05）.结论:绝经后MI患者存在明显的以E2。水平不足为主的性激素紊乱和脂代谢异常,脂代谢异常和E2水平不足密切相关;E2水平不足促进脂代谢异常,可能是绝经后妇女MI发生的重要原因之一。     

高血压合并冠心病患者血清periostin、AngII水平及其相关性

目的 探讨高血压合并冠心病患者血清骨膜素（periostin,PN）及血管紧张素Ⅱ（AngⅡ）水平及其临床意义。方法 选取2018年10月至2019年7月在山西医科大学第二医院就诊患者163例,分为原发性高血压合并冠心病（EH+CHD）组81例,原发性高血压（EH）组48例和正常对照组34例;其中EH+CHD组分为陈旧性心肌梗死（OMI）亚组（22例）,不稳定型心绞痛（UA）亚组（31例）,急性心肌梗死（AMI）亚组（28例）。比较各组研究对象血清PN、AngⅡ、总胆固醇（TC） 、甘油三酯（TG）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）水平变化并分析其相关性。结果 血清PN、AngⅡ、TC、TG、LDL-C水平在对照组、EH组及EH+CHD组三组间比较差异有统计学意义,且EH+CHD组>EH组>对照组 [PN：（1629.70±209.03）ng/L比（1774.20±230.22）ng/L比（1952.78±282.41）ng/L;Ang II:（403.52±23.56）ng/L比（579.87±52.36）ng/L比（605.54±67.38）ng/L;TC:（3.92±0.75）mmol/L比（3.95±0.89）mmol/L比（4.87±1.03）mmol/L;TG:(1.29±0.56) mmol/L比(1.49±0.57) mmol/L比(1.91±0.86) mmol/L;LDL-C:(2.27±0.69) mmol/L比(2.19±0.73) mmol/L比(2.67±0.77) mmol/L]（P<0.05）;血清HDL-C水平在对照组、EH组及EH+CHD组三组间比较差异有统计学意义,且EH+CHD组＜EH组＜对照组[HDL-C:(1.21±0.28) mmol/L比(1.13±0.27) mmol/L比(0.98±0.28) mmol/L]（P<0.05）。血清TC、TG、LDL-C及HDL-C水平除在对照组和高血压组无统计学意义（P>0.05）,在其余各组间两两比较差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。EH+CHD的三个亚组中,血清PN与AngⅡ水平各组之间两两比较均有统计学差异,且AMI组>UA组>OMI组[PN:（2131.88±303.95）ng/L比（1955.60±196.48）ng/L比（1720.84±175.38）ng/L;Ang II:（646.41±78.86）ng/L比（602.59±47.88）ng/L比（557.68±37.21）ng/L]（P<0.05）。Pearson相关性分析,血清PN与AngⅡ、TC 、TG、LDL-C水平呈正相关关系（rAngⅡ=0.580,rTC=0.338,rTG=0.384,rLDL-C=0.318,P<0.05）,血清PN与HDL-C水平呈负相关关系（rHDL-C=-0.320,P<0.05）。结论 血清periostin水平与冠心病及高血压密切相关,联合检测PN和AngⅡ可以更好的反映高血压合并冠心病患者疾病的严重程度;PN可能是高血压合并冠心病治疗的靶点。     

血清胆红素与血脂及冠状动脉病变程度相关性研究

目的:探讨冠心病患者血清胆红素与血脂及冠状动脉病变程度的相关性。方法:将346例冠状动脉造影患者分为冠心病组(287例)对照组(59例)。分别测定血清胆红素、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)及高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDlL-C)浓度。根据美国心脏病学会(AHA)评分标准,结合冠状动脉造影结果进行冠状动脉狭窄程度评分。观察2组病例总胆红素(TBIL)与血脂及冠状动脉狭窄程度的相关性。结果:外周血TBIL浓度冠心病组(7.6±3.2)μmol/L比对照组(12.1±3.2)μmol/L低,差异有显著性(P<0.05);TC、LDL-C浓度冠心病组(5.79±1.53)mmol/L、(5.34±1.48)mmol/L较对照组(3.82±1.15)mmol/L、(2.27±0.69)mmol/L高差异有显著性(P<0.05);HDL-C浓度冠心病组(1.11±0.57)mmol/L较对照组(1.46±0.23)mmol/L低差异有显著性(P<0.05);冠心病组TBIL与LDL-C、TC呈负相关,与HDL-C呈正相关;冠状动脉狭窄指数与TBIL、LDL-C、HDL-C有相关关系;多因素回归分析显示LDL-C及TBIL与冠状动脉狭窄指数明显相关。结论:冠心病患者TBIL水平降低;冠心病患者TBIL与TC及LDL-C有显著负相关,与HDL-C呈显著正相关;冠心病患者冠状动脉狭窄程度与TBIL及HDL-C呈负相关。     

原发性高血压并发初发糖尿病的相关因素

目的 分析原发性高血压并发初发糖尿病的相关因素。 方法 搜集2013年6月~2016年6月陕西省人民医院心内科收住入院诊断高血压病并发从未使用药物治疗的新诊断2型糖尿病患者468例作为并发糖尿病组。与同期入院诊断单纯原发性高血压患者468例作为对照组（非糖尿病组）比较分析。 结果 并发糖尿病组与非糖尿病组比较,体质量指数〔（28.8±3.9） kg/m2 vs.（25.1±3.2） kg/m2,P<0.05〕、HbA1c〔（9.4±1.6）% vs.（6.0±0.4）%,P<0.05〕、总胆固醇（TC）〔（4.8±1.4） mmol/L vs.（3.2±0.8） mmol/L,P<0.05〕、三酰甘油（TG）〔（2.2±1.3） mmol/L vs.（1.6±0.8） mmol/L,P<0.05〕均具有统计学意义。多因素Logistic分析回归分析显示TC、TG偏高为原发性高血压并发初发糖尿病危险因素,OR值分别为2.349（95%Cl:2.10-3.308）、1.903（95%Cl:1.508-2.267）;以HbA1c为因变量,体质量指数、TC、TG、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇为自变量行重线性回归分析,HbA1c与TC成正相关,回归方程为:HbA1c=1.309＋1.626×TC,P<0.01。 结论 TG、TC水平升高是高血压病并发初发糖尿病患者的危险因素,并且HbA1c与TC呈正相关。     

更年期激素替代治疗对女性脂类代谢的影响

目的探索激素替代治疗对更年期妇女脂类代谢的影响及对心血管事件的干预价值。方法选择2009年1月至2010年12月接受治疗的40例更年期妇女,单盲机械抽样随机将其中20例分为观察组,采取激素替代治疗;其余20例为对照组,采取安慰剂治疗。结果治疗后,对照组患者性激素水平和血脂水平相对于治疗前无显著变化(P>0.05);观察组患者,E2值〔(68.1±8.4)pmol/L〕及HDL-C值〔(1.8±0.3)mmol/L〕比治疗前〔(40.5±14.1)pmol/L〕及〔(1.6±0.2)mmol/L〕显著升高(P<0.05),而TC值〔(4.2±0.4)mmol/L〕、TG值〔(1.0±0.3)mmol/L〕及LDL-C值〔(2.5±0.4)mmol/L〕比治疗前〔(5.1±0.8)mmol/L〕、〔(1.4±0.4)mmol/L〕及〔(2.8±0.7)mmol/L〕显著降低(P<0.05)、E2与TC、TG及LDL-C呈负相关,而与HDL-C呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论激素替代治疗利于更年期女性脂类代谢紊乱的改善,可减轻心血管事件发生的危险系数,值得临床推广应用。     

非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇在老年高血压及糖尿病人群中的临床意义

目的探讨非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(non-HDL-C)对患有高血压、糖尿病的老年人群发生心血管事件风险的临床预测价值。方法入选2003年12月至2009年5月老年住院患者(≥60岁)326例,根据临床主要诊断分为高血压组(104例)、糖尿病组(58例)、高血压合并糖尿病组(109例)以及健康对照组(55名)。空腹测定血清TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C,non-HDL-C应用公式(TC-HDL-C)计算。对所有入选者出院后完成至少1年的临床随访。结果高血压组、糖尿病组、高血压合并糖尿病组患者的TC、TG、LDL-C和non-HDL-C水平均高于健康对照组,HDL-C水平则相反,而non-HDL-C在高血压合并糖尿病组与健康对照组间差异有统计学意义[(3.44±1.02)mmol/L比(2.88±0.84)mmol/L,P<0.05]。随访结果显示,前3组发生心血管事件的患者明显多于健康对照组,特别是non-HDL-C>2.59mmol/L的患者,除糖尿病组外,差异均有统计学意义(均为P<0.05)。结论 Non-HDL-C是心血管疾病的死亡预测因子,对患有高血压、糖尿病的老年人群心脑血管病的发生也有着较好的临床预测价值。     

阿托伐他汀治疗高脂血症的疗效和安全性

目的　评价阿托伐他汀（北京红惠生物制药股份有限公司生产,商品名阿乐）治疗高脂血症,特别是高胆固醇血症和混合型高脂血症的疗效和安全性。方法　211例高脂血症患者随机分为两组A组阿托伐他汀组110例（高胆固醇血症和混合型高脂血症分别为58例和52例）,给予阿托伐他汀10mg/d;B组辛伐他汀组101例（高胆固醇血症和混合型高脂血症分别为48例和53例）,给予辛伐他汀10mg/d。4周后如未达有效标准,均可加量至20mg/d,治疗8周,观察降脂疗效和不良反应。结果　高胆固醇血症用阿托伐他汀治疗,总胆固醇(TC)从(6.59±0.66)mmol/L降至(4.62±1.45)mmol/L（下降29.9%）;低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)从(4.02±0.77)mmol/L降至(2.44±0.64)mmol/L（下降39.3%）;（TC－HDL-C）/HDL-C从3.93±1.22降至2.37±1.54（下降39.7%）（P均＜0.01）。阿托伐他汀降低LDL-C;（TC－HDL-C）/HDL-C作用优于同剂量的辛伐他汀（P均＜0.05）。对于混合型高脂血症患者,阿托伐他汀可使甘油三酯(TG)从(3.17±0.97)mmol/L降低至(2.21±1.03)mmol/L（P＜0.05）,作用亦明显优于辛伐他汀（P＜0.05）。结论　(1)阿托伐他汀有明显的降低TC、LDL-C、TG和（TC－HDL-C）/HDL-C作用,降低LDL-C、TG和（TC-HDL-C）/HDL-C作用明显优于同剂量的辛伐他汀,升高HDL-C作用则两组相似;(2)阿托伐他汀不良反应较轻微;(3)阿托伐他汀可用于高胆固醇血症和混合型高脂血症的治疗;(4)推荐常规剂量10mg/d,少数TC、LDL-C较高者可用20mg/d治疗。     

12w太极拳训练对绝经妇女血清脂联素的影响

目的探讨脂联素在运动防治代谢综合征中的作用及其机制。方法募集绝经后女性15名〔年龄(61.2±8.9)岁〕为运动组,10名女性〔年龄(57.1±8.4)岁〕为对照组,对运动组进行为期12 w的太极拳训练干预,干预前后分别进行人体测量指标、血液指标的测量,并检测血清脂联素水平。结果运动组干预后体质指数〔(23.43±2.86)kg/m2〕、腰围〔(79.80±7.33)cm〕、腰围身高比(50.16±4.55)、总胆固醇〔(5.36±1.00)mmol/L〕与干预前〔体质指数(24.49±2.95)kg/m2、腰围(81.67±6.82)cm、腰围身高比(51.35±3.94)、总胆固醇(6.06±0.76)mmol/L〕相比,显著降低(P<0.05);运动组干预验后高密度脂蛋白胆固醇〔(1.52±0.23)mmol/L〕与干预前〔(1.34±0.19)mmol/L〕相比,显著升高(P<0.01);运动组干预后血清脂联素水平〔(17.18±4.66)μg/ml〕显著高于对照组〔(11.41±7.91)μg/ml〕(P<0.05)。结论太极拳训练能够降低代谢综合征的危险因素,提高脂联素水平。     

中药血脂康联合依折麦布对高脂血症患者的降脂疗效观察

目的：观察血脂康联合依折麦布在降脂疗效及安全性方面较血脂康单药治疗的优势。方法：32例高脂血症患者随机分为两组,分别为接受血脂康单药1.2g治疗组（n=16）或血脂康1.2g联合依折麦布10mg治疗组（n=16）,治疗3个月后,比较两组的血脂谱以及肝肾功能,血糖,肌酸激酶以及高敏C反应蛋白的变化。结果：共入选32例患者,血脂康单药治疗组(n=16)以及血脂康与依折麦布联合治疗组（n=16）。血脂康单药组基线血脂谱TG1.74±1.39 mmol/L, TC4.72±1.00 mmol/L,HDL-C1.25±0.51mmol/L,LDL-C2.92±0.89mmol/L,服药3个月后血脂谱,TG1.14±0.67 mmol/L, TC3.87±0.66 mmol/L,HDL-C1.36±0.47mmol/L,LDL-C2.20±0.59 mmol/L,其中TC降幅18%,LDL-C降幅24.7%,血脂康与依折麦布联合用药组基线血脂谱TG1.64±0.91mmol/L,TC5.24±1.11 mmol/L,HDL-C1.38±0.63 mmol/L,LDL-C3.34±0.68 mmol/L,服药3个月后血脂谱TG1.51±1.33mmol/L, TC3.99±1.14mmol/L,HDL-C1.31±0.48mmol/L,LDL-C2.08±0.75mmol/L。TC降幅24%,LDL-C降幅37.7%。安全性指标：ALT,AST, Cr, BUN, Glu, CK服药前后两组均无明显变化。HsCRP两组服药后均下降,且血脂康联合依折麦布组降幅更大。结论：血脂康联合依折麦布降TC、LDL-C、HsCRP的疗效明显优于血脂康单药方案,安全性与血脂康单药相似。     

绝经后女性高血压并发不稳定型心绞痛患者血清脂蛋白(a)水平的变化

目的:研究女性高血压并发不稳定型心绞痛患者血清脂蛋白(a)[Lp(a)]水平的变化。方法:对124例拟诊为不稳定型心绞痛的女性高血压患者分别测定血总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和Lp(a)水平,并行选择性冠状动脉造影明确诊断。结果:冠状动脉造影确诊为冠心病者77例(冠心病组),血清TC、TG、LDL-C、HDL-C和Lp(a)水平分别为(6·11±1·15)、(1·89±1·06)、(3·92±1·31)、(1·04±0·25)mmol/L和(279·84±309·31)mg/L。冠状动脉造影除外冠心病者(对照组)47例,血清TC、TG、LDL-C、HDL-C和Lp(a)水平分别为(5·59±1·02)、(1·85±0·78)、(3·08±0·71)、(1·20±0·59)mmol/L和(187·13±145·42)mg/L。冠心病组血清TC、TG、LDL-C和HDL-C水平与对照组比较差异无统计学意义,而Lp(a)较对照组显著升高(P<0·05)。Lp(a)水平与TC和LDL-C呈正相关。结论:女性高血压并发不稳定型心绞痛患者血清Lp(a)水平升高。     

妊娠时间与肺结核复发的相关性研究及诊治对策

目的 分析肺结核史患者妊娠时间和肺结核复发间相关性.方法 选取我院收治的有肺结核史的妊娠妇女576例作为研究对象,对其妊娠前肺结核治疗、治愈后妊娠时间、妊娠后复发肺结核等进行分析,总结有肺结核史育龄女性的妊娠时间和肺结核复发之间的关系.结果 肺结核治愈后不同时间段妊娠者的结核复发率比较,差异具有显著性（P＜0.05）,停药后间隔时间越久妊娠,肺结核复发的几率越小.结论 加强孕期痰菌检查,及早发现复发肺结核,提高母婴安全.     

我国骨关节结核诊治的回顾与展望

骨关节结核是危害人们健康的严重感染性疾病,近95％由他处结核病继发而来.罹患骨关节结核疾病后几乎均将致残,严重影响人们的健康、工作和生活.建国以来在党和国家的关心和支持下,骨关节结核的诊治水平取得了长足进步.时至今日,由于多种原因,学科发展和被重视程度受到一定的制约,同整个医疗行业的发展不相适应.回顾过去,展望未来,我们需要重新审视骨关节结核的诊治方法,努力推进骨关节结核诊疗技术的科学发展.     

Effect of phosphorylation of MAPK and Stat3 and expression of c-fos and c-jun proteins on hepatocarcinogenesis and their clinical significance

AIM To study the effect of phosphorylation ofMAPK and Stat3 and the expression of c-fos andc-jun proteins on hepatocellular carcinogenesisand their clinical significance.METHODS SP immunohistochemistry was usedto detect the expression of p42/44~(MAPK), p-Stat3,c-fos and c-jun proteins in 55 hepatocellularcarcinomas (HCC) and their surrounding livertissues.RESULTS The positive rates and expressionlevels of p42/44~(MAPK), p-Stat3, c-fos and c-junproteins in HCCs were significantly higher thanthose in pericarcinomatous liver tissues (PCLT).A positive correlation was observed between theexpression of p42/44~(MAPK) and c-fos proteins, andbetween p-Stat3 and c-jun, but there was nosignificant correlation between P42/44~(MAPK) and p-Stat3 in HCCs and their surrounding livertissues.CONCLUSION The abnormalities of Ras/Raf/MAPK and JAKs/ Stat3 cascade reaction maycontribute to malignant transformation ofhepatocytes. Hepatocytes which are positive forp42/ 44~(MAPK), c-fos or c-jun proteins may bepotential malignant pre-cancerous cells.Activation of MAPK and Stat3 proteins may be anearly event in hepatocellular carcinogenesis.     

Overweight and Obesity and Progression of ADPKD

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Effect of phosphorylation of MAPK and Stat3 and expression of c-fas and c-jun proteins on hepatocarcinogenesis and their clinical significance

AIM To study the effect of phosphorylation ofMAPK and Stat3 and the expression of c-fos andc-jun proteins on hepatocellular carcinogenesisand their clinical significance.METHODS SP immunohistochemistry was usedto detect the expression of p42/44MAPK, p-Stat3,c-fos and c-jun proteins in 55 hepatocellularcarcinomas (HCC) and their surrounding livertissues.RESULTS The positive rates and expressionlevels of p42/44MAPK, p-Stat3, c-fos and c-junproteins in HCCs were significantly higher thanthose in pericarcinomatous liver tissues (PCLT).A positive correlation was observed between theexpression of p42/44MAPK and c-fos proteins, andbetween p-Stat3 and c-jun, but there was nosignificant correlation between p42/44MAPK and p-Stat3 in HCCs and their surrounding livertissues.CONCLUSION The abnormalities of Ras/Rat/MAPK and JAKs/ Stat3 cascade reaction maycontribute to malignant transformation ofhepatocytes. Hepatocytes which are positive forp42/ 44MAPK, c-fos or c-jun proteins may bepotential malignant pre-cancerous cells.Activation of MAPK and Stat3 proteins may be anearly event in hepatocellular carcinogenesis.     

Effects of sex and time of day on metabolism and excretion of corticosterone in urine and feces of mice

Non-invasive techniques to monitor stress hormones in small animals like mice offer several advantages and are highly demanded in laboratory as well as in field research. Since knowledge about the species-specific metabolism and excretion of glucocorticoids is essential to develop such a technique, we conducted radiometabolism studies in mice (Mus musculus f. domesticus, strain C57BL/6J). Each mouse was injected intraperitoneally with 740 kBq of 3H-labelled corticosterone and all voided urine and fecal samples were collected for five days. In a first experiment 16 animals (eight of each sex) received the injection at 9 a.m., while eight mice (four of each sex) were injected at 9 p.m. in a second experiment. In both experiments radioactive metabolites were recovered predominantly in the feces, although males excreted significantly higher proportions via the feces (about 73%) than females (about 53%). Peak radioactivity in the urine was detected within about 2h after injection, while in the feces peak concentrations were observed later (depending on the time of injection: about 10h postinjection in experiment 1 and about 4h postinjection in experiment 2, thus proving an effect of the time of day). The number and relative abundance of fecal [3H]corticosterone metabolites was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The HPLC separations revealed that corticosterone was extensively metabolized mainly to more polar substances. Regarding the types of metabolites formed, significant differences were found between males and females, but not between the experiments. Additionally, the immunoreactivity of these metabolites was assessed by screening the HPLC fractions with four enzyme immunoassays (EIA). However, only a newly established EIA for 5alpha-pregnane-3beta,11beta,21-triol-20-one (measuring corticosterone metabolites with a 5alpha-3beta,11beta-diol structure) detected several peaks of radioactive metabolites with high intensity in both sexes, while the other EIAs showed only minor immunoreactivity. Thus, our study for the first time provides substantial information about metabolism and excretion of corticosterone in urine and feces of mice and is the first demonstrating a significant impact of the animals' sex and the time of day. Based on these data it should be possible to monitor adrenocortical activity non-invasively in this species by measuring fecal corticosterone metabolites with the newly developed EIA. Since mice are extensively used in research world-wide, this could open new perspectives in various fields from ecology to behavioral endocrinology.     

Replication and Inhibitors of Enteroviruses and Parechoviruses

The Enterovirus (EV) and Parechovirus genera of the picornavirus family include many important human pathogens, including poliovirus, rhinovirus, EV-A71, EV-D68, and human parechoviruses (HPeV). They cause a wide variety of diseases, ranging from a simple common cold to life-threatening diseases such as encephalitis and myocarditis. At the moment, no antiviral therapy is available against these viruses and it is not feasible to develop vaccines against all EVs and HPeVs due to the great number of serotypes. Therefore, a lot of effort is being invested in the development of antiviral drugs. Both viral proteins and host proteins essential for virus replication can be used as targets for virus inhibitors. As such, a good understanding of the complex process of virus replication is pivotal in the design of antiviral strategies goes hand in hand with a good understanding of the complex process of virus replication. In this review, we will give an overview of the current state of knowledge of EV and HPeV replication and how this can be inhibited by small-molecule inhibitors.     

荣宝和氯硝柳胺灭螺效果比较及成本分析

目的 评价新型灭螺药物荣宝杀灭钉螺的效果,探讨其推广应用价值.方法 按目前推荐的荣宝灭螺剂量,喷洒法为30 g/m2,浸杀法为50 g/m3;氯硝柳胺喷洒法和浸杀法分别采用2 g/m2和2 g/m3杀螺剂量,分别在室内和现场进行灭螺试验,观察两种药物的灭螺效果并初步分析评估其成本.结果 在现场气温22～30℃条件下,荣宝50 g/m3浸杀3、5、7 d后,螺袋内钉螺校正死亡率均达到100.0%,与氯硝柳胺2 g/m3灭螺效果相似;荣宝30 g/m2剂量喷洒3、5、7、15 d后,钉螺校正死亡率分别为54.5%、58.0%、69.0%、79.1%,氯硝柳胺喷洒组钉螺校正死亡率分别为61.0%、69.4%、76.7%、77.9%.在室温18℃条件下,荣宝以30 g/m2喷洒3、5、7、15 d后,钉螺校正死亡率分别为72.9%、87.2%、91.5%、76.1%;而相应2 g/m2氯硝柳胺喷洒后的钉螺校正死亡率分别为81.3%、95.7%、97.9%、80.4%.同样完成1000 m2的喷洒灭螺任务,荣宝所需灭螺药物和人力资费成本比氯硝柳胺多支出0.114元/m2;完成72 m3的浸杀灭螺任务,荣宝所需灭螺药物和人力资费成本比氯硝柳胺多支出0.127元/m3.50 g/m3荣宝浸杀灭螺剂量,对成鱼(＞250 g)的活力不会造成影响,但对鱼类幼苗仍具较强毒性.结论 荣宝与氯硝柳胺灭螺效果相似,由于其成本较高,氯硝柳胺仍然是目前首选灭螺药物,但荣宝的鱼类毒性低,可作为氯硝柳胺之外有益的补充灭螺药物.     

心电图、心电向量图与冠状动脉造影结果对比分析

目的:通过分析心电图(Electrocardiogram,ECG)和心电向量图(Vectorcardiogram,VCG)的改变与冠脉造影（CAG）结果进行对比,探讨ECG、VCG在冠状动脉病变中的诊断价值。方法: 选择2008年1月~2009年12月临床拟诊断为冠心病患者108例,行常规ECG、VCG检查,并于1周内进行CAG,对检查结果依据各自的诊断标准进行判定,以CAG为标准诊断法,利用四格表法,计算相关评价真实性的指标并进行比较。结果: ①VCG检测的灵敏度、特异度、准确度显著高于ECG(P<0.05,P<0．01)。②ECG、VCG阳性率与冠脉病变支数组间比较:在单支病变、双支病变中,VCG阳性率明显高于ECG(P<0.05),左主干或三支病变无统计学意义;组内比较:ECG组左主干或三支病变组较单支病变、双支病变阳性率高(P<0.05,P<0.01);VCG组左主干或三支病变组较单支病变阳性率高(P<0.05);与双支病变阳性率比较无统计学意义;③ECG、VCG阳性率与冠脉病变程度组间比较:冠脉病变狭窄50%～69%的VCG阳性率明显高于ECG (P<0.05),其他两组阳性率比较无统计学意义;组内比较:ECG组冠脉病变狭窄≥90%较50%～69%、70%～89%的阳性率高(P<0.05,P<0.01); VCG组狭窄≥90%较50%～69%阳性率高（P<0.01),其他无统计学意义。结论: VCG对冠心病检测价值显著高于ECG。     

Detection and characterization of the product of hydroethidine and intracellular superoxide by HPLC and limitations of fluorescence

Here we report the structural characterization of the product formed from the reaction between hydroethidine (HE) and superoxide (O(2)(.-)). By using mass spectral and NMR techniques, the chemical structure of this product was determined as 2-hydroxyethidium (2-OH-E(+)). By using an authentic standard, we developed an HPLC approach to detect and quantitate the reaction product of HE and O(2)(.-) formed in bovine aortic endothelial cells after treatment with menadione or antimycin A to induce intracellular reactive oxygen species. Concomitantly, we used a spin trap, 5-tert-butoxycarbonyl-5-methyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (BMPO), to detect and identify the structure of reactive oxygen species formed. BMPO trapped the O(2)(.-) that formed extracellularly and was detected as the BMPO-OH adduct during use of the EPR technique. BMPO, being cell-permeable, inhibited the intracellular formation of 2-OH-E(+). However, the intracellular BMPO spin adduct was not detected. The definitive characterization of the reaction product of O(2)(.-) with HE described here forms the basis of an unambiguous assay for intracellular detection and quantitation of O(2)(.-). Analysis of the fluorescence characteristics of ethidium (E(+)) and 2-OH-E(+) strongly suggests that the currently available fluorescence methodology is not suitable for quantitating intracellular O(2)(.-). We conclude that the HPLC/fluorescence assay using HE as a probe is more suitable [corrected] for detecting intracellular O(2)(.-).