重症肌无力患者外周血调节性T细胞及B细胞激活因子受体的分析

目的 研究重症肌无力(MG)患者外周血多群调节性T细胞的水平及其B细胞表达B细胞激活因子受体(B cell-activating factor receptor,BAFF-R)的情况.方法 应用四色流式细胞仪检测61例MG患者与23名健康对照外周血调节性T细胞(CD4+ CD25 high Foxp3+、CD8+ CD28-、CD8+ CD122+)以及CD19+ BAFF-R+细胞的百分率.结果 MG组与健康对照组外周血CD4+ CD25 high Foxp3+ T细胞的百分率分别为32.12%±16.12%与65.15%±14.72%,MG组该群调节性T细胞的水平明显低于健康对照组(P＜0.01);两组CD8+ CD28-及CD8+ CD122+ T细胞的水平差异无统计学意义.此外,MG组外周血CD19+ BAFF-R+细胞的水平(10.57%±5.59%)显著高于健康对照组(5.38%±3.87%,P＜0.01).大剂量激素或大剂量激素加丙种球蛋白治疗后短期内可使MG组外周血CD4+ CD25 high Foxp3+调节性T细胞的百分率增加(P＜0.05).结论 MG患者Foxp3+的CD4+ CD25 high调节性T细胞的减少提示MG患者存在免疫和耐受的失衡,显示了T细胞的自身免疫性.在B细胞方面,MG患者外周血CD19+ B细胞上BAFF-R表达增高,提示其体内B细胞已处于易激活状态.     

重症肌无力患者外周血Th17和调节性T细胞分析

目的 观察重症肌无力(myasthenia gravis,MG)患者Th17细胞和调节性T细胞的水平,并研究甲强龙冲击治疗对其影响.方法 应用四色流式细胞仪检测66例MG患者及35名健康对照者外周血Th17细胞和CD4+CD25highT细胞百分率;分析其中18例患者外周血Th17细胞与美国MG协会(MGFA)评分相关性;观察8例MG患者甲强龙冲击治疗2周后上述细胞的变化.结果 MG患者与健康对照者外周血Th17细胞百分率分别为2.61%±0.28%与0.94%±0.12%(Z=4.059,P=0.0001);甲强龙治疗前后8例MG患者Th17细胞百分率分别为4.72%±1.21%与1.81%±0.69%,差异有统计学意义(Z=1.995,P=0.0460);患者外周血Th17细胞水平与MGFA评分呈正相关(r=0.5359,P=0.0219).结论 MG患者外周血中Th17细胞升高,甲强龙冲击治疗可降低其水平,这可能是改善MG患者病情的有效机制.     

线粒体自噬和帕金森病

帕金森病(PD)是中老年人常见的中枢神经系统退行性疾病,目前认为此病与多个因素有关。近年的研究表明线粒体自噬是PD发病机制之一,本文就线粒体自噬及其与PD的关联作一综述。     

天然调节性T细胞特性及以其为靶点治疗重症肌无力的研究进展

重症肌无力(MG)是一种细胞依赖性自身免疫性疾病,胸腺起源的CD4+T细胞的大量激活是MG发生的一个重要原因。天然调节性T细胞(nTreg)是一个具有独特免疫调节功能的CD4+调节性T细胞亚群,在自身免疫中发挥着重要作用。最近的研究发现nTreg与MG关系密切,针对nTreg来治疗MG是一种新的手段。本文就nTreg的特性及针对其治疗MG取得的成果做一综述。     

重症肌无力T细胞受体基因重排的初步研究

用Southern杂交方法检测了一组重症肌无力患者T细胞受体基因重排情况，结果示4例患者存在一条约9kb左右的异常条带，提示T细胞受体基因异常重排可能与重症肌无力发生及胸腺瘤相关。     

重症肌无力患者血液T细胞亚群和T细胞功能

本文对一组重症肌无力病人血液T细胞亚群及外周血单个核细胞产生白细胞介素2的能力进行了测定。结果发现病人的OKT_8~+细胞减少,OKT_4~+/OKT_8~+比值增高,产生白细胞介素2能力降低,这些变化在全身型病人较眼肌型明显。本文结合文献讨论细胞免疫的变化在本病发病机理中的作用,并提出IL—2对本病进行免疫调节治疗的前景。     

辅助性T细胞及其细胞因子在重症肌无力中的作用

目的探讨辅助性T细胞及其相关细胞因子在全身型MG患者急性期发病中的作用。方法采用流式细胞术检测33例全身型MG患者和34例健康对照组外周血中Tfh细胞亚群CXCR5~+CD4~+T、CD45RO~+CXCR5~+CD4~+T、CD45RA~+CXCR5~+CD4~+T、ICOS~+CXCR5~+CD4~+T和PD-1~+CXCR5~+CD4~+T细胞占CD4~+T细胞的比例。采用流式液相多重蛋白定量(cell based assay,CBA)技术检测MG组及对照组血清中IL-17A、IFN-γ、IL-4、IL-21的含量。应用ELISA技术检测MG组及对照组血清中IL-22的含量。根据QMGs(the quantitative myasthenia gravis score,QMGs)对纳入研究的MG患者进行评分,QMGs反映了MG患者的病情严重程度。结果 MG组外周血中的循环Tfh细胞(ICOS~+CXCR5~+CD4~+T和PD-1~+CXCR5~+CD4~+T)较对照组增高(P=0.016,P0.001),且PD-1~+CXCR5~+CD4~+T细胞与MG患者病情严重程度正相关(r=0.405,P=0.019)。MG组血清IL-21、IL-17A、IFN-γ的含量较对照组升高,有统计学意义(P=0.007,P=0.016,P=0.007);MG组血清IL-4的含量较对照组略有增多,IL-22含量较对照组略有减少,但均无统计学意义。MG组IL-4含量QMGs呈负相关,差异具有显著性(r=-0.393,P=0.024)。结论 MG急性期ICOS~+和PD-1~+的循环Tfh细胞可能促进MG发病;IL-21、IFN-γ、IL-17A同样可能促进MG发病;IL-4可能对MG有保护作用。     

重症肌无力患者外周血T、B淋巴细胞Bcl-2的表达

目的　探讨重症肌无力 (MG)患者外周血单个核细胞Bcl 2蛋白表达及其临床意义。方法　以流式细胞仪双标记免疫荧光方法测定 4 7例临床确诊的MG患者外周血T、B淋巴细胞Bcl 2蛋白表达和CD3 T细胞Bcl 2蛋白表达的平均荧光强度 (MFI)。结果　 ( 1)MG组外周血CD3 、CD4 、CD8 T淋巴细胞和CD19 细胞Bcl 2蛋白表达明显高于对照组 (P <0 .0 1) ,CD3 T细胞蛋白表达Bcl 2的MFI( 0 .572± 0 .177)亦明显高于对照组 ( 0 .170± 0 .147) (P <0 .0 1)。 ( 2 )MG组外周血CD3 、CD4 、CD8 T淋巴细胞及CD19 细胞的Bcl 2蛋白表达与年龄无明显相关 ,而与临床严重程度绝对评分密切相关 (r=0 .63、0 .65、0 .61、0 .78,P <0 .0 5)。CD3 T细胞蛋白表达的MFI与MG患者病程相关密切 (r=0 .62 ,P <0 .0 1)。 ( 3)免疫抑制治疗后MG组临床严重程度绝对评分与淋巴细胞亚群Bcl 2蛋白表达、CD3 T细胞蛋白表达的MFI同步地较治疗前有明显下降 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　外周血淋巴细胞Bcl 2蛋白异常表达对MG发病及临床症状有重要作用。     

眼肌型及全身型重症肌无力患者外周血T淋巴细胞Fas的表达

目的 探讨Fas介导的细胞凋亡与眼肌型(ocular myasthenia gravis,OMG)及全身型重症肌无力(generalized myasthenia gravis,GMG)发病的关系.方法 采用流式细胞技术检测4例OMG、13例GMG患者及13例健康对照组外周血淋巴细胞中CD4、CD8及Fas的表达.结果 OMG、GMG组与对照组外周血T淋巴细胞表面CD4、CD8分子表达的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).GMG组与对照组外周血T淋巴细胞中Fas+细胞比例的差异有统计学意义(41.72%±8.73%、31.22%±13.00%,P:0.017).GMG组与对照组Fas表达增高者比例的差异有统计学意义(61.5%、15,4%,P=0.041).Fas表达增高的GMG患者病情较重.病程较长.胸腺瘤发生率较高.OMG与GMG组外周血T淋巴细胞中Fa8+、CD4+Fas+、CD8+Fas+细胞比例差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 GMG患者外周血T淋巴细胞中Fas的表达升高,OMG与GMG患者外周血T淋巴细胞中Fas的表达无显著差异,二者可能同属一种系统性疾病.     

Effects of FK506 on myasthenia gravis patients with high interleukin-2 productivity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells

We compared the early effects of FK506 on clinical severity, interleukin-2 (IL-2) production by phytohemagglutinin-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMs), and serum levels of acetylcholine receptor antibodies between myasthenia gravis (MG) patients with elevated (>1250 pg/ml, n = 9) or normal (<1250 pg/mL, n = 10) levels of PBM IL-2 production. Reduction in clinical severity and PBM IL-2 production were significantly greater in the patients with elevated IL-2 production than those with normal PBM IL-2 production in the first month of treatment.     

重症肌无力患者外周血单核细胞凋亡调控基因表达的研究

目的 探讨重症肌无力（MG）患者外周血单核细胞（PBMC）凋亡调控基因Fas、Bcl-2mRNA表达及意义。方法 应用逆转录-聚合酶链反应（RT—PCR）半定量方法检测44例MG患者（MG组）和30名健康对照者（NC组）PBMC Fas、Bcl-2mRNA的相对含量。结果 （1）MG组Fas mRNA表达水平与NC组相比差异无统计学意义;Bcl-2mRNA表达明显高于NC组（P〈0．05）。（2）中型、重型及极重型MG患者Bcl-2mRNA相对含量明显高于轻型MG患者（P〈0．05～0．01）;Bcl-2mRNA相对含量与MG患者病情评分呈正相关（r=0．767,P〈0．01）。结论 MG患者PBMCFas表达可能与MG发病无关;Bcl-2mRNA高表达可能参与MG患者PBMC凋亡调控机制,其表达水平可以作为观察MG患者病情的指标.     

Inhibition of peripheral blood natural killer cell cytotoxicity in patients with myasthenia gravis treated with plasmapheresis

Background and purpose: Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disorder that may involve natural killer (NK) cells. Although NK cells are part of the innate immune system, they also influence adaptive immune responses. Double‐filtration plasmapheresis (DFP) is an effective therapy for MG crisis. Thus, we examined the effects of DFP on the cytotoxicity of NK cells. Methods: A total of 20 patients with MG and 16 healthy controls were recruited for the study. Ficoll‐Paque‐isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and K562 cells were used as the effector and target cells, respectively. NK cell cytotoxicity was analyzed using flow cytometry immediately before and after DFP and upon course completion. Results: Double‐filtration plasmapheresis treatment decreased significantly the NK cell cytotoxicity in patients with MG, especially in good responders, those who were positive for acetylcholine receptor (AChR) antibodies, and those receiving immunosuppressants. Conclusions: The decrease in NK cell cytotoxicity after DFP and the decline of AChR antibody titer were observed in good responders indicating that this could benefit patients with MG.     

重症肌无力患者的注意网络功能研究

目的探讨重症肌无力(myasthenia gravis,MG)患者注意功能是否受损及其受损特点,并进一步分析其影响因素,对MG注意缺陷的可能神经机制进行推测。方法选取安徽医科大学第一附属医院门诊及住院的MG确诊患者26例,并选取来自同期健康体检中的健康查体者40名作为对照。比较两组简易精神状态检查量表(mini-mental state examination,MMSE)评分、数字广度(digit span,DS)、词语流畅性(verbal fluency test,VFT)、抑郁自测量表(self-rating depression scale,SDS)评分差异,采用注意网络测验(attention network test,ANT)方法对受试者的注意功能受损情况进行检测。结果 MG和对照组间MMSE、DS、VFT、SDS评分差异无统计学意义(均P0.05);两组间ANT总平均反应时间(RT)及总平均正确率差异无统计学意义(均P0.05);MG组的定向网络效率与对照组比较减低(t=-4.198,P0.01),而两组间警觉网络与执行网络差异比较无统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论 MG患者存在注意功能损害,表现为定向网络异常,而警觉网络与执行控制网络保留正常,提示患者可能存在中枢胆碱能系统损害,推测MG患者存在认知功能障碍。     

Dendritic cells in hyperplastic thymuses from patients with myasthenia gravis.

To investigate the role of dendritic cells (DCs) in the hyperplastic myasthenia gravis (MG) thymus, we studied the frequency and distribution of three mature DC phenotypes (CD83(+)CD11c(+), CD86(+)CD11c(+), and HLA-DR(+)CD11c(+)) in samples from patients with MG whose symptoms dramatically improved following thymectomy and in non-MG control thymuses. In hyperplastic MG thymuses, mature DCs were much more numerous in nonmedullary areas, such as the subcapsular/outer cortex; around the germinal centers; and in extralobular connective tissue, particularly around blood vessels. Mature DCs strongly coexpressed CD44 and appeared to be components of a CD44-highly positive (CD44(high)) cell population migrating from the vascular system. Furthermore, in the hyperplastic MG thymus, the expression of secondary lymphoid-tissue chemokine (SLC) markedly increased especially around extralobular blood vessels, where the CD44(high) cell population accumulated. These findings suggest that DCs may migrate into the hyperplastic thymus from the vascular system via mechanisms that involve CD44 and SLC. DCs may present self-antigens, thereby promoting the priming and/or boosting of potentially autoreactive T cells against the acetylcholine receptor.     

重症肌无力患者雷公藤多甙治疗前后周围血自然杀伤细胞含量变化的研究

目的探讨自然杀伤（ＮＫ）细胞在重症肌无力（ＭＧ）发病中的作用及雷公藤多甙（ＴⅡ）对ＭＧ的细胞免疫调节机制。方法将５２例ＭＧ患者随机分为ＴⅡ治疗组及非ＴⅡ治疗组，观察此二组治疗前后及正常对照组周围血ＮＫ细胞含量及血清可溶性白细胞介素２受体（ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ）水平的变化。结果ＴⅡ治疗组及非ＴⅡ治疗组治疗前周围血ＮＫ细胞含量较正常对照组明显减少，血清ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平较正常对照组明显升高，且周围血ＮＫ细胞含量与血清ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平呈负相关；ＴⅡ治疗组治疗后周围血ＮＫ细胞含量较治疗前明显增加，血清ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平较治疗前明显降低，而非ＴⅡ治疗组治疗前后周围血ＮＫ细胞含量及血清ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平则无显著变化。结论ＮＫ细胞在ＭＧ发病中起着重要作用，ＴⅡ治疗ＭＧ的机理可能是通过抑制ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ产生、增加ＮＫ细胞含量而发挥。     

The cerebrospinal fluid in myasthenia gravis

We examined the number of leucocytes and the concentration of total protein, albumin and IgG in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 46 patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) and 50 controls. Mean leucocyte number in the MG patients was 1634 cells/ml (controls 1244), mean total protein 0.38 g/l (controls 0.32), mean IgG 0.034 g/l (controls 0.025) and mean albumin 0.199 g/l (controls 0.176). No evidence of intrathecal IgG synthesis was demonstrated. The CSF was normal in most cases. When pathological changes occurred they were slight and could be attributed to associated diseases or to iatrogenic blood contamination of the CSF. We demonstrated that an artificial blood contamination of the CSF, although macroscopically undetectable, increased the CSF albumin concentration and the CSF albumin/serum albumin ratio considerably.