重症肌无力患者汉密尔顿抑郁量表评分分析

目的探讨重症肌无力(myasthenia gravis,MG)患者汉密尔顿抑郁量表(Hamilton depression rating scale,HDRS)评分情况及其影响因素分析。方法横断面研究2013-07—2015-03作者医院就诊的188例MG患者的临床资料和HDRS评分情况,并根据HDRS评分将其分为抑郁组和非抑郁组,分析两组MG患者的临床特点及其与HDRS评分间的关系。结果所纳入MG患者男女比例为1.02∶1,眼肌型重症肌无力(ocular myasthenia gravis,OMG)和全身型重症肌无力(generalized myasthenia gravis,GMG)的比例为1.2∶1,以OMG起病和以GMG起病患者的比例为6.2∶1,病程中位数为2年,四分位数间距为1.8年,平均量化重症肌无力评分(quantitative myasthenia gravis,QMG)为(6.7±2.3)分,平均HDRS评分为(8.7±3.4)分,并发抑郁者65例,未并发抑郁者123例。影响HDRS评分和抑郁发生的相关因素包括性别(P0.01)、MG类型(P0.01)、QMG得分(P0.01)和美国重症肌无力协会(myasthenia gravis foundation of America,MGFA)分型(P0.01)、有无甲状腺功能亢进(P0.05)。结论影响MG患者HDRS评分和抑郁发生的相关因素包括性别、MG类型、QMG评分和MGFA分型、有无甲状腺功能亢进,充分认识其抑郁发生情况有利于更好地治疗MG。     

托法替尼对实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎大鼠滤泡调节性T细胞/滤泡辅助性T细胞平衡及CXCL13、转化生长因子-β1表达的影响

目的探讨托法替尼对实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎(EAE)大鼠滤泡调节性T细胞(Tfr)/滤泡辅助性T细胞(Tfh)平衡及CXCL13、转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)表达的影响。方法选择50只Wistar雌性大鼠,随机分为正常对照组、EAE对照组、托法替尼小、中、大剂量防治组,每组10只。采用髓鞘碱性蛋白及完全弗氏佐剂制造EAE模型。从造模前3 d开始EAE对照组及小、中、大剂量托法替尼防治组分别予以生理盐水和托法替尼1、2、4 mg/kg/d灌胃,连续10 d。观测大鼠发病情况、脾组织中Tfh和Tfr比例、Tfr/Tfh比值变化、脑组织匀浆中CXCL13、TGF-β1含量变化。结果EAE对照组大鼠发病潜伏期(10.20±1.99)d,托法替尼小、中、大剂量防治组发病潜伏期分别为(16.70±1.50)d、(20.20±2.44)d和(22.90±1.79)d,托法替尼各防治组发病潜伏期均较EAE对照组延长(P0.01)。EAE对照组大鼠进展期(10.50±1.84)d,托法替尼小、中、大剂量防治组发病进展期分别为(8.00±2.00)d、(5.60±1.51)d和(3.00±1.16)d,托法替尼各防治组发病进展期均较EAE对照组缩短(P0.01)。EAE对照组大鼠发病高峰期神经功能障碍评分(3.80±1.03)分,托法替尼小、中、大剂量防治组发病高峰期神经功能障碍评分分别为(2.30±1.34)分、(1.20±1.40)分和(0.60±0.84)分,托法替尼各防治组发病高峰期神经功能障碍评分均较EAE对照组降低(P0.01)。托法替尼各防治组与EAE对照组比较,Tfh细胞比例显著降低,Tfr细胞比例及Tfr/Tfh比值显著升高,CXCL13含量明显减少、TGF-β1含量明显增加,且呈剂量依赖关系,剂量越大作用越明显(P0.01;P0.05)。结论托法替尼对EAE大鼠发病具有防治作用,且呈剂量依赖关系。其防治作用机制可能与下调EAE大鼠Tfh比例及CXCL-13的表达,上调Tfr比例及TGF-1的表达,维持Tfr/Tfh平衡,并促使平衡向Tfr偏移有关。     

辅助性T细胞及其细胞因子在重症肌无力中的作用

目的探讨辅助性T细胞及其相关细胞因子在全身型MG患者急性期发病中的作用。方法采用流式细胞术检测33例全身型MG患者和34例健康对照组外周血中Tfh细胞亚群CXCR5~+CD4~+T、CD45RO~+CXCR5~+CD4~+T、CD45RA~+CXCR5~+CD4~+T、ICOS~+CXCR5~+CD4~+T和PD-1~+CXCR5~+CD4~+T细胞占CD4~+T细胞的比例。采用流式液相多重蛋白定量(cell based assay,CBA)技术检测MG组及对照组血清中IL-17A、IFN-γ、IL-4、IL-21的含量。应用ELISA技术检测MG组及对照组血清中IL-22的含量。根据QMGs(the quantitative myasthenia gravis score,QMGs)对纳入研究的MG患者进行评分,QMGs反映了MG患者的病情严重程度。结果 MG组外周血中的循环Tfh细胞(ICOS~+CXCR5~+CD4~+T和PD-1~+CXCR5~+CD4~+T)较对照组增高(P=0.016,P0.001),且PD-1~+CXCR5~+CD4~+T细胞与MG患者病情严重程度正相关(r=0.405,P=0.019)。MG组血清IL-21、IL-17A、IFN-γ的含量较对照组升高,有统计学意义(P=0.007,P=0.016,P=0.007);MG组血清IL-4的含量较对照组略有增多,IL-22含量较对照组略有减少,但均无统计学意义。MG组IL-4含量QMGs呈负相关,差异具有显著性(r=-0.393,P=0.024)。结论 MG急性期ICOS~+和PD-1~+的循环Tfh细胞可能促进MG发病;IL-21、IFN-γ、IL-17A同样可能促进MG发病;IL-4可能对MG有保护作用。     

Th22细胞及相关因子在重症肌无力患者外周血中的表达

目的研究重症肌无力(myasthenia gravis,MG)患者外周血辅助性T细胞22(T helper 22cells,Th22)和白细胞介素-22(interleukin-22,IL-22)的表达以及两者间的相关性。方法收集25例MG患者和24例健康对照者,其中眼肌型重症肌无力(ocular myasthenia gravis,OMG)患者14例,全身型重症肌无力(general myasthenia gravis,GMG)患者11例。采用流式细胞仪检测MG患者和健康对照者外周血单个核细胞(peripheral blood mononuclear cells,PBMC)中Th22细胞的比例,采用酶联免疫吸附实验(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)检测血浆IL-22的表达。比较各组间Th22细胞比例和IL-22表达水平差异,以及Th22细胞比例和IL-22表达间的相关性。结果 MG患者PBMC中Th22细胞比例、血浆IL-22表达水平均显著低于健康对照组[(0.60±0.07)%比(0.92±0.09)%,P0.01;(18.65±1.38)pg/mL比(24.54±1.85)pg/mL,P0.05];OMG与GMG患者间Th22细胞比例、IL-22表达水平均无统计学差异(均P0.05);MG患者PBMC中Th22细胞比例与IL-22表达水平间呈中度正相关(r=0.59,P0.01)。结论 MG患者体内Th22细胞比例及血浆IL-22表达水平减低可能导致免疫功能紊乱进而影响MG的发病。     

甲泼尼龙冲击治疗对视神经脊髓炎谱系病患者外周血滤泡辅助性T细胞百分率的影响

目的探究视神经脊髓炎谱系病(NMOSD)患者外周血滤泡辅助性T细胞(Tfh)百分率在甲泼尼龙冲击治疗前、后的变化。方法收集AQP-4抗体阳性的急性期NMOSD患者(NMOSD组)23例,采用流式细胞术检测甲泼尼龙冲击前、后外周血CXCR5~+ICOS~+的CD4~+T细胞(Tfh细胞),记录NMOSD组的EDSS评分,分析NMOSD组患者Tfh细胞百分率与患者AQP-4抗体滴度及EDSS评分的相关性。结果 NMOSD组患者甲泼尼龙冲击治疗前外周血Tfh细胞百分率[(1.77±0.74)%]显著高于甲泼尼龙冲击治疗后[(1.26±0.45)%](t=2.284,P=0.032)。首次发病NMOSD患者甲泼尼龙冲击治疗前Tfh细胞百分率与EDSS评分呈正相关(r=0.625,P=0.040),甲泼尼龙冲击治疗前、后Tfh细胞百分率与AQP-4抗体滴度无相关性(r=--0.02,P=0.928)。结论经甲泼尼龙冲击治疗后,NMOSD患者急性期外周血Tfh细胞百分率降低,首次发病NMOSD患者Tfh细胞百分率水平与EDSS评分有关。Tfh细胞百分率水平可能与NMOSD的复发有关。     

microRNA-181c在重症肌无力患者外周血单个核细胞中的表达及其意义

目的探讨microRNA-181c(miR-181c)在重症肌无力(myasthenia gravis,MG)患者中的表达水平及其临床意义。方法收集2015年6月-2017年6月收治的22例MG患者和20例健康人的外周静脉血样,提取外周血单个核细胞(peripheral blood mononuclear cell,PBMC)中总RNA,采用实时定量PCR(quantitative real-time PCR,qRT-PCR)技术检测PBMC中miR-181c的相对表达水平,并分析miR-181c表达水平与患者的MG定量评分体系(quantitative myasthenia gravis score,QMG)的相关性。结果 MG患者PBMC中miR-181c的相对表达水平(0.303±0.150)较对照组(1.000±0.262)显著降低(P0.01),其中全身型患者(0.182±0.056)低于眼肌型患者(0.404±0.126)(P0.05),同时miR-181c表达水平与QMG呈负相关(R2=-0.359,P0.05)。结论 MG患者PBMC中miR-181c表达水平的降低可能与病情严重程度有关。     

放射免疫法定量检测乙酰胆碱受体抗体与重症肌无力患者临床特征的相关性

目的探讨乙酰胆碱受体抗体(AChR-Ab)与重症肌无力(MG)临床特征的相关性。方法采用放射免疫法检测115例MG患者及92例对照组(非MG神经系统疾病患者42例,健康体检者50名)血清AChRAb浓度,应用临床绝对评分记录MG患者病情严重程度。分析各组血清AChR-Ab浓度的差异,以及AChR-Ab浓度与MG患者临床特征的相关性。采用ROC工作特征曲线探讨AChR-Ab诊断MG的敏感度和特异度。结果MG患者血清AChR-Ab浓度中位数(四分位数间距,下同)为3.45(39.38)nmol/L,较非MG神经系统疾病患者[0(0)nmol/L]和健康体检者[0(0)nmol/L]增高(P0.01)。全身型MG(GMG)患者AChR-Ab浓度[25.45(46.14)nmol/L]较眼肌型MG(OMG)患者[0.58(3.56)nmol/L]增高(P0.01)。用ROC曲线法分析显示,以血清AChR-Ab浓度≥0.50nmol/L作为诊断MG界值时灵敏度为72.17%,特异度为100%,曲线下面积(AUC)=0.895(95%CI:0.849~0.941)。AChR-Ab浓度与发病年龄、病程及改良Osserman分型呈正相关(r=0.220,P0.05;r=0.184,P0.05;r=0.382,P0.01),但相关性较弱(均r0.5),与临床绝对记分无相关性(r=0.147,P0.05)。结论用放射免疫法检测血清AChR-Ab浓度诊断MG的灵敏度和特异度均高,有助于减少MG的漏诊率及误诊率,值得临床推广。     

NMOSD患者外周血滤泡辅助性T细胞及其亚群的表达研究

目的通过研究视神经脊髓炎谱系疾病(NMOSD)患者外周血中滤泡辅助性T(Tfh)细胞的表达,探讨Tfh细胞与NMOSD发病的关系。方法采用流式细胞术分别检测53例NMOSD急性发作期患者(NMOSD组)和20名健康对照(对照组)的外周血中不同表型的Tfh细胞占CD4+T细胞的比例及其三个亚群Tfh1、Tfh2、Tfh17占CD4+CXCR5+T细胞的比例。结果 NMOSD组CD4+CXCR5+Tfh细胞、CD4+CXCR5+PD-1+Tfh细胞占CD4+T细胞的比例均高于健康对照组[分别(22.80±6.78)%vs.(18.94±3.84)%,t=3.042,P=0.003;(9.54±3.29)%vs.(4.21±1.31)%,t=9.914,P=0.000]。在CD4+CXCR5+T细胞中,NMOSD患者组Tfh17细胞所占比例高于对照组[(30.70±4.56)%vs.(27.33±2.89)%,t=3.071,P=0.003],Tfh1细胞比例低于对照组[(26.41±4.42)%vs.(30.26±3.66)%,t=-3.474,P=0.001],Tfh2细胞比例与对照组差异无统计学意义(P=0.127);(Tfh2细胞比例+Tfh17细胞比例)/Tfh1细胞比例的比值高于对照组(2.41±0.65vs.1.88±0.39,t=4.264,P=0.000)。结论 NMOSD急性发作期患者外周血中Tfh细胞比例增高,同时存在着Tfh细胞的三个亚群的比例失调,尤其是Tfh17细胞比例显著增高,推测Tfh细胞与NMOSD的发病存在一定关系。     

188例重症肌无力患者生活质量研究

目的分析重症肌无力(MG)患者的生活质量。方法纳入2013-03-2014-06在唐都医院神经内科就诊的MG患者188例,应用重症肌无力量化评分(QMGs)评估患者病情严重程度,采用36项简明健康状况调查表(SF-36)评估患者生活质量,采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HDRS)和汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HARS)评估抑郁和焦虑症状。比较不同教育水平、职业、眼肌型重症肌无力(ocular MG,OMG)症状、胸腺情况等患者间SF-36评分的差异,并对QMG评分、年龄、HARS和HDRS得分与SF-36两项复合得分进行多元线性回归分析。结果高级教育组在躯体疼痛项得分高于初级教育组(P0.05),学生组在生理机能项(P0.05)和生理角色功能项(P0.05)得分均高于脑力劳动组,学生组在生理角色功能项得分亦高于体力劳动组(P0.05);学生组在生理复合得分(PCS)项得分高于按照职业分组的其他3组(均P0.05);OMG组在精神复合得分(MCS)项得分高于全身型重症肌无力(generalized MG,GMG)组(P0.05)。较高的QMGs、HARS得分和高龄可以预测较低的PCS得分,较高的QMGs和HARS得分可预测较低的MCS得分。结论影响MG患者生活质量的因素包括年龄、教育水平、职业、胸腺情况、MG的类型和GMG的类型、疾病的严重程度和心理障碍。较高的QMGs和HARS得分可以预测较低的PCS和MCS得分,年龄大可预测较低的PCS得分。     

老年起病型重症肌无力患者的临床特点

目的探讨老年起病型重症肌无力(MG)的临床特点。方法回顾性分析332例起病年龄≥65岁的MG患者的临床资料。结果该组MG患者男女比例为1.3∶1。全身型MG (GMG)和眼肌型MG(OMG)的比例为1.9∶1,OMG在男性多于女性而GMG在女性多于男性(P=0.033)。以OMG起病和以GMG起病的比例为1.5∶1,起病症状以眼睑下垂最多见占38.6%;在以OMG起病的患者中,女性患者转化为GMG的比率要明显高于男性患者(P=0.035)。病程中位数为3.7年,平均定量MG评分为7分。新斯的明试验阳性率为96.7%。低频重复频率电刺激波幅递减的总体发生率为48.2%,其中面神经的阳性率最高。MG合并胸腺异常的发生率为36.3%,以合并胸腺瘤者最多;胸腺瘤手术后病理分型以AB型最多,女性患者AB型胸腺瘤所占的比率要明显高于男性(P=0.048)。MG合并甲状腺功能异常的发生率为16%,以合并甲状腺功能亢进者最多。结论老年起病型MG患者GMG多于OMG、以OMG起病的女性患者转化为GMG的比率高于男性患者,胸腺瘤是最常见的胸腺异常且最常见的胸腺瘤病理分型为AB型。充分认识其临床特点有利于更好的治疗该类患者。     

Quality of life in 188 patients with myasthenia gravis in China

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a kind of chronic autoimmune disease which can weaken patients' motor function and, furthermore, produce negative impact on the health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The primary purpose of this research was to evaluate factors that might affect the HRQoL of MG patients. A cross-sectional clinical research was carried out including 188 successive patients with MG. Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America (MGFA) classification and Quantitative Myasthenia Gravis (QMG) score were applied to assess the severity of the disease. The Medical Outcome Survey 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) was used to estimate the HRQoL. Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS) were utilized to measure the depression and anxiety symptom. Factors may influence the HRQoL of MG patients include age, educational level, occupation, the situation of the thymus, the type of MG and generalized myasthenia gravis (GMG), the severity of the disease and the psychological disorder. Higher QMG and HARS scores were two significant factors that can prognosticate lower Physical Composite Score (PCS) and Mental Composite Score (MCS), while older age was just a significant factor which has prognostic value for lower PCS. The results of this research may have a potential guiding significance for the clinical treatment strategy and improve the quality of life in patients with MG consequently. In addition to the treatment of physical symptoms, the psychological symptoms such as anxiety and depression should be concerned as well.     

Exercise in myasthenia gravis: A feasibility study of aerobic and resistance training

Introduction: It has not been established whether progressive resistance training (PRT) and aerobic training (AT) are feasible and efficient in myasthenia gravis (MG). Methods: Fifteen subjects with generalized MG (Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America (MGFA) clinical classification II–IV) were randomly assigned to 20 training sessions during 8 weeks of either PRT or AT. Feasibility was evaluated based on adherence, drop‐out rate, adverse events, and Quantitative Myasthenia Gravis (QMG) score. Results: Twelve subjects (MGFA II, n = 11; MGFA III, n=1) completed the intervention with a mean adherence of 95 % ± 8. One dropout (PRT) could potentially be related to PRT. Both groups reported adverse events, including bulbar symptoms (n = 2) and increased fatigue (n = 3), but no change in QMG score was observed in either group. The PRT group showed increases in maximal strength and functional capacity. Conclusions: Eight weeks of moderate to high intensity AT and PRT were feasible for most patients with mild MG. Maximal strength and functional capacity increased in the PRT group. Muscle Nerve 56 : 700–709, 2017     

青少年起病的重症肌无力患者临床特点分析

目的分析青少年起病的重症肌无力(MG)患者的临床特点。方法回顾性分析2006-2013年作者医院神经内科住院的351例起病年龄≤18岁MG患者的临床资料,包括人口统计学(性别、年龄),临床特点(临床分型、起病症状、疾病转归、胸腺情况)和合并疾病(自身免疫性疾病)。结果青少年起病的MG患者发病年龄小于5岁者占45.9%,女性多见占53.6%。根据美国重症肌无力协会(myasthenia gravis foundation of America,MGFA)分型,Ⅰ型占80.3%,Ⅱa型占8.5%,Ⅱb型占9.1%,Ⅲa型占0.3%,Ⅲb型占1.4%,Ⅳb型占0.3%。由眼肌型MG(OMG)转化为全身型MG(GMG)患者39例(13.8%),主要诱发转化的因素为不规律用药或停药。诱发病情复发或加重的因素中以受凉多见,占63.6%。合并胸腺异常患者有60例,其中28例行胸腺切除术,术后病理分型:胸腺增生20例,胸腺瘤4例。合并有其他自身免疫性疾病共20例,其中甲状腺功能亢进占4.6%,甲状腺功能减低占0.6%,甲状腺囊肿占0.6%。共有6例患者发生过危象,其中5例发生肌无力危象者为由OMG转化为GMG患者。结论青少年MG患者有自己独特的临床特点:5岁之前发病更多见;诱发病情复发或加重的因素中以受凉多见;合并胸腺增生者多于合并胸腺瘤者;最常见的甲状腺功能异常为甲状腺功能亢进。     

Antibody profile may predict outcome in ocular myasthenia gravis

An unsolved issue remains whether there are clinical and immunological features to predict in a single patient the risk of conversion from ocular Myasthenia Gravis (OMG) to generalized disease (GMG) as 50–60% of patients may progress within 1–2 years since onset. Anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies (AChR Abs) are found in up to 50% of OMG patients; muscle-specific tyrosine kinase antibodies (MuSK-Abs) are present in about 70% of the whole seronegative (SN), who usually develop a severe disease with bulbar involvement. We surveyed a cohort of 175 OMG patients with purely ocular symptoms and we compare the outcome of patients with antibodies to AChR or to MuSK with those seronegative for both Abs (DSN). All patients had purely ocular signs for at least 24 months. Gender, age at onset, time to generalization or to worsening in quantitative ocular QMG scores, electrophysiological results were analyzed. Males were 58.9%, females 41.1%. Patients with late onset of symptoms after 50 years (LOMG) were 78.3%. We assayed anti-MuSK-Abs in 4.7%, anti-AChR Abs in 38.5%; 57.3% were defined DSN. Thirty-seven patients (21.1%) progressed to GMG during the observational time: 23 were females, 62% of the whole group of the generalized subjects, 75% of MuSK-positive OMG converted to GMG versus the 26.2% of AChR positive and 13.7% of DSN. Statistical analysis showed that gender and presence of antibodies either to AChR or to MuSK were independent predictors of worse outcome; the DSN subjects had lower risk of conversion to GMG.     

眼肌型及全身型重症肌无力患者外周血T淋巴细胞Fas的表达

目的 探讨Fas介导的细胞凋亡与眼肌型(ocular myasthenia gravis,OMG)及全身型重症肌无力(generalized myasthenia gravis,GMG)发病的关系.方法 采用流式细胞技术检测4例OMG、13例GMG患者及13例健康对照组外周血淋巴细胞中CD4、CD8及Fas的表达.结果 OMG、GMG组与对照组外周血T淋巴细胞表面CD4、CD8分子表达的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).GMG组与对照组外周血T淋巴细胞中Fas+细胞比例的差异有统计学意义(41.72%±8.73%、31.22%±13.00%,P:0.017).GMG组与对照组Fas表达增高者比例的差异有统计学意义(61.5%、15,4%,P=0.041).Fas表达增高的GMG患者病情较重.病程较长.胸腺瘤发生率较高.OMG与GMG组外周血T淋巴细胞中Fa8+、CD4+Fas+、CD8+Fas+细胞比例差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 GMG患者外周血T淋巴细胞中Fas的表达升高,OMG与GMG患者外周血T淋巴细胞中Fas的表达无显著差异,二者可能同属一种系统性疾病.     

Prognosis of thymectomy in myasthenia gravis patients with thymus hyperplasia

Purpose: To compare the post-thymectomy prognosis in different conditions of myasthenia gravis (MG) patients with thymus hyperplasia. Materials and methods: Collecting medical record and carrying out the follow-up study of 123 myasthenia gravis patients with thymus hyperplasia who have underwent thymectomy during the period between 2003 and 2013. Dividing into different groups based on gender, age of onset, duration of disease and Myasthenia Gravis Association of America (MGFA) clinical classification to analyze different prognosis in different groups. Results: Complete stable remission (CSR) was achieved in 71 of 123 patients (59.5%). There is no gender-related difference in achieving CSR. Patients with early onset of MG (≤40 years old) or disease duration less than 12 months had significantly higher CSR rates than those with late onset of MG (>40 years old) or disease duration more than 12 months respectively, while no difference was found in remission rate between MGFA clinical classification I and MGFA II. Conclusion: Myasthenia gravis patients with thymus hyperplasia who had thymectomy are proved to possess greater chance of achieving CSR. The onset age of disease and duration are the prognostic factors.