福建地区健康人携带德尔卑沙门菌的耐药特征及遗传多样性分析

目的调查分析福建地区健康人携带德尔卑沙门菌的耐药特征及遗传多样性。方法分离自福建地区健康人的德尔卑沙门菌73株,采用K-B法进行药敏试验;采用PBRT法检测18个主要质粒家族的复制子;采用常规PCR方法扩增毒力基因;采用PFGE技术进行分子分型;应用BioNumerics软件进行聚类分析;应用SPSS 17.0进行统计学分析。结果福建地区德尔卑沙门菌健康人分离株对四环素表现出一定的耐药性(耐药率28.77%),其他药物敏感率均90%;2000年后分离的菌株总耐药率高于2000年前的分离株(χ~2=6.767,P0.01),且5株多重耐药菌株均为2000年后分离;分离株中检出IncI1型(13.70%)、IncHI2型(10.96%)和IncP型(4.11%)3种质粒复制子类型,未检出毒力基因spvB,其余毒力基因均有较高携带率;毒力基因谱型26个(VP1-VP26),其中相对优势谱型为VP1:HilA-sifA-mgtC-siiE-sopB-iroN-lpfA-stn;73个分离株共分为56个PFGE带型(PT001-PT056)、6个PFGE簇(cluster A-cluster F),其中cluster E为相对优势簇。结论福建地区健康人携带的德尔卑沙门菌耐药性逐年增强且具有致病潜能。     

2011-2013年河南省沙门菌污染分布状况及其耐药研究

目的 了解河南省环境中沙门菌的分布情况,探讨环境中沙门菌的不同型别分布和药物敏感情况。方法 采集动物粪便、生熟肉制品和厨具等各类标本4 488份,进行沙门菌分离培养、生化鉴定、血清学分型,采用CLSI推荐的K-B法对分离株进行13种抗生素敏感试验。结果 从18种标本中共分离出332株沙门菌,分离率为7.40%;分离株分属于39种血清型,优势血清型是肠炎沙门菌(23.79%)和德尔卑沙门菌(20.18%)。环境中沙门菌对各类抗生素均有不同程度的耐药,其中对氨苄西林、四环素和萘啶酸的耐药率较严重,对三代头孢类抗生素和喹诺酮类抗生素敏感。结论 河南省环境中沙门菌血清型分布呈多样性,不同来源的沙门菌的血清型有一定的差异;对目前常用的抗菌药物均有耐药菌株出现,提示在防控食源性疾病中应关注环境细菌的危害。     

2013-2014年贵阳市感染性腹泻监测病例中沙门菌的病原学监测分析

目的 了解2013-2014年贵阳市腹泻监测病例中沙门菌的血清型别分布及脉冲场凝胶电泳(Pulse-Field Gel Electrophoresis,PFGE)分型特征,为贵阳市沙门菌病的防控提供科学依据。方法 收集2013-2014年贵阳市4家哨点医院感染性腹泻病例的432份粪便标本,对其进行沙门菌的分离培养、生化鉴定、血清分型及PFGE分型。结果 432例感染性腹泻患者的粪便标本共检出沙门菌35株,检出率为8.10%(35/432),男女检出之比为1.5:1,发病年龄主要集中在0~5岁;各季度间沙门菌检出率经Fisher确切概率法比较无统计学差异(P=0.052)。35株沙门菌分成9种血清型,其中优势血清型为肠炎沙门菌11株(占31.43%)和鼠伤寒沙门菌9株(占25.71%),其次克勒肯威尔沙门菌6株(占17.14%),斯坦利沙门菌3株,德尔卑沙门菌2株,阿贡纳沙门菌、婴儿沙门菌和病牛沙门菌血清型各1株,1株未分型。经XbaⅠ酶切后11株肠炎沙门菌分成8种PFGE型,优势型为JEGX01.CN0007;9株鼠伤寒沙门菌分成9种PFGE型,总体型别呈多样性分布。结论 贵阳市引起感染性腹泻的沙门菌以肠炎沙门菌和鼠伤寒沙门菌为主,PFGE型别呈多样性。     

动物源沙门菌的耐药表型、基因型及流行特征研究

目的 研究动物源沙门菌耐药及流行特征。方法 对116株动物源沙门菌进行血清学分型、药物敏感试验、耐药基因(簇)检测和多位点序列(MLST)分析。结果 鸡源沙门菌多为ST11克隆肠炎沙门菌和ST17克隆印第安那沙门菌,猪源沙门菌多属于ST40克隆德尔卑沙门菌。ST11克隆主要表现为对氨苄青霉素、萘啶酸、四环素、头孢哌酮耐药,且多数为多重耐药(MDR);ST17克隆多数对9种以上的药物特别是头孢类及氟喹诺酮类耐药,为超级耐药(Super-MDR)克隆。ST11克隆中blaTEM-1-like携带率最高,ST17克隆中blaOXA-1-like、blaCTX-M、blaTEM-1-like及floR、aadA2、sul1及aac(6')-1b高携带率是其成为超级耐药克隆的主要原因。结论 抗菌药物特别是头孢类、氟喹诺酮类药物在动物生产中应当控制使用,对控制耐药菌的产生及传播有重要意义。     

山东生猪屠宰环节沙门氏菌血清型及耐药性测试

目的了解山东省生猪屠宰感染沙门氏菌耐药状况,指导临床用药。方法利用沙门氏菌血清型快速分型试剂盒鉴定血清型,微量肉汤稀释法对298株沙门氏菌进行8大类13种药物的药敏试验。结果鉴定出9种血清型,以德尔卑、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌为主;298株沙门氏菌对13种药物的耐药状况不同,对四环素类药物多西环素、四环素的耐药率较高,分别为97.99%(292/298)、80.20%(239/298),对粘杆菌素E最为敏感,耐药率仅为2.01%(6/298),其次为奥格门丁和氧氟沙星,耐药率分别为2.35%(7/298)和4.03%(12/298),多重耐药率为81.88%(244/298),优势耐药谱型为四环素-多西环素。结论山东省生猪屠宰环节沙门菌优势血清型为德尔卑沙门氏菌,对不同药物的耐药情况不同,不同屠宰环节的耐药性存在显著差异,多重耐药现象严重,耐药谱型种类繁多。     

福建省沙门菌毒力基因sitC及iroN分布特征分析

目的 比较福建省腹泻患者与健康人群分离的沙门菌毒力基因sitC及iroN分布特征;同时分析两种毒力基因在福建省分离率较高的4种常见血清型沙门菌中的分布差异,为进一步有效防控沙门菌病提供依据。方法 选择福建省从腹泻患者和健康人群中分离到的沙门菌166株,其中腹泻患者121株、健康人群45株,包括鼠伤寒、肠炎、德尔卑和斯坦利四种血清型,运用常规PCR方法扩增毒力基因sitC及iroN。结果 毒力基因sitC及iroN在166株沙门菌分离株中的总检出率分别为51.81%(86株)和39.76%(66株)。在腹泻患者和健康人群两个组别中,sitC及iroN的检出率差异无统计学意义(χsitC2=0.347,P=0.556;χiroN2=3.322,P=0.068)。在鼠伤寒、肠炎、德尔卑和斯坦利四种血清型中,sitC及iroN的检出率差异有统计学意义(χsitC2=11.634,P=0.009;χiroN2=15.020,P=0.002)。sitC+iroN+及sitC-iroN-是最常见的基因携带模式。结论 福建省沙门菌分离株中均检出了一定比例的sitC和iroN毒力基因。这两个毒力基因的分布存在血清型差异,但在健康人群和腹泻病人的沙门菌分离株中不存在分布差异。所以健康人群的沙门菌分离株与腹泻病人的沙门菌分离株一样都具有较强的生存能力和一定的致病潜能。     

兰州地区腹泻患儿沙门菌耐药性与分子分型分析

目的 了解兰州地区腹泻患儿沙门菌的血清型分布特征,耐药状况及分子分型特征,为儿童沙门菌感染的防治提供依据。方法 2018-2020年收集兰州地区哨点医院腹泻患儿粪便标本中分离的149株沙门菌菌株进行血清学分型、药物敏感试验和脉冲场电泳分型。结果 腹泻患儿感染沙门菌以夏秋季为主,1~3岁幼儿居多,占59.73%。149株沙门菌分为33个血清型,其中肠炎沙门菌和鼠伤寒沙门菌为优势血清型,分别占30.87%和28.19%。沙门菌对氨苄西林耐药率最高为79.87%,多重耐药率为78.52%,其中鼠伤寒沙门菌和肠炎沙门菌多重耐药率分别为80.95%、76.09%。经PFGE分子分型将肠炎沙门菌分为20个带型,包含2株及以上的带型有6种;鼠伤寒沙门菌分为30个带型,ST1带型包含2株菌。结论 兰州市腹泻患儿中沙门菌以非伤寒沙门菌为主,耐药率呈上升趋势,多重耐药严重,肠炎沙门菌PFGE分型同源性较高,鼠伤寒沙门菌带型呈多样性分布。     

TaqMan-rRT-PCR检测猪霍乱沙门菌方法的建立和实验室评价

目的 基于猪霍乱沙门菌血清型特异性基因,建立TaqMan逆转录实时聚合酶链反应(TaqMamrRT-PCR)检测猪霍乱沙门菌的方法.方法 利用基因组序列比对筛选到猪霍乱沙门菌特有的基因SC0358,通过普通PCR及利用多种血清型沙门菌及非沙门菌菌株共计145株,评价该方法的菌株特异性,针对该基因设计TaqMan-rRT...     

肠炎血清型沙门菌多重PCR检测方法的建立及应用

摘 要：目的 为临床确诊及基层实验室快速准确鉴定肠炎血清型沙门菌提供实验室支持,同时为沙门菌传统血清学鉴定方法提供技术补充。方法 根据沙门菌菌体抗原A/D1群基因、鞭毛抗原基因（fliC-HG）及肠炎沙门菌特异性基因片段（sdf I）设计引物,建立多重PCR体系并进行反应条件优化。对所建立的体系的特异性进行检测,并将该体系应用于浙江省2009-2010年分离的共计53株样本的检测。结果 建立并优化了肠炎沙门菌检测的多重PCR体系,该体系具有高特异性,可准确快速鉴定肠炎血清型沙门菌,也可区分A群及D群血清群的沙门菌,并能检测鞭毛抗原为HG的沙门菌,对实际样本检测符合率达100%。结论 该体系能正确鉴定肠炎血清型沙门菌,可作为沙门菌传统血清学分型的辅助方法,可弥补商品化血清质量层次不齐的缺陷。并为肠炎沙门菌的监测与实验室诊断提供了一种简单快速、重复性好的新方法。     

成都市人源沙门菌基因组特征分析

目的 基于全基因组测序技术,探究成都市人源沙门菌的基因组特征, 为监测与预防沙门菌感染提供资料。方法 收集35株成都市人源沙门菌(分离自腹泻患者粪便)进行全基因组测序。根据测序数据,进行血清型预测、耐药基因及可移动遗传元件预测、毒力因子注释及分布分析。结果 35株沙门菌分离株经全基因组测序,共预测到5种血清型,包括15株I 4,[5],12:i:-沙门菌(13株为ST34、2株为新ST型)、12株鼠伤寒沙门菌(ST19)、5株肠炎沙门菌(ST11)、2株德比沙门菌(ST40)与1株火鸡沙门菌(ST463)。35株沙门菌分离株共预测到10类42种不同的耐药基因,其中氨基糖苷类aac(6')-Iaa携带率为100%(35/35)。I 4,[5],12:i:-沙门菌的耐药基因、质粒及插入序列数目及种类多于其他血清型菌株。I 4,[5],12:i:-、鼠伤寒沙门菌和肠炎沙门菌的毒力因子数目大于其他血清型菌株。部分鼠伤寒沙门菌有更高的毒力质粒、质粒编码菌毛和血清抗性毒力因子分布。结论 成都市人源沙门菌不同血清型菌株之间耐药基因、可移动遗传元件、毒力因子分布差异明显,值得在转录组、蛋白组进一步探究其耐药与毒力机制。     

Detection and characterization of variant Salmonella genomic island 1s from Salmonella Derby isolates

The purpose of this study is to investigate the distribution and structure of Salmonella genomic island 1 (SGI1) among Salmonella enterica serovar Derby isolates from swine and their rearing environment. Three variants of SGI1s, specifically SGI1-A, C, and I, were identified by PCR mapping. The results of macro-restriction analysis and DNA sequencing of SGI1 flanking regions revealed that there are at least two genomic lineages of Derby strains bearing SGI1s.     

Molecular epidemiological analysis of Salmonella enterica serotype Derby infections in Hong Kong

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to study the antimicrobial susceptibilities and molecular epidemiology of Salmonella enterica serotype Derby, a unique and common salmonella serotype in Hong Kong. METHODS: Salmonella Derby strains isolated from stools of patients in a large general hospital in Hong Kong from 1989 to 1994 and from food samples isolated in the Public Health Laboratory were randomly selected and investigated for the antimicrobial susceptibilities by determining the minimal inhibitory concentrations of 19 antimicrobial agents and their relatedness using plasmid analysis, ribotyping, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and total DNA fingerprinting. RESULTS: About 50% of the 127 isolates studied were susceptible to all the 19 antibiotics tested, although resistance to tetracycline (49%) and sulfamethoxazole (38%) was high. Only 12% did not harbour any detectable plasmids, while the rest contained plasmids in 51 profiles. There were two predominant clones, one comprising of 35% of isolates that could not be pulsotyped because discrete bands were not discernible after PFGE and another comprising 34% of isolates that could be pulsotyped. The remaining 31% belonged to a variety of types. CONCLUSIONS: Approximately 70% of S. Derby belonging to two clones were endemic in the community, while the remaining isolates belonged to a variety of types which were probably a result of sporadic infection. The sources of human infections were foods, since most isolates from foods also belonged to the two endemic clones. Typing of S. Derby isolates from other sources such as animals or the environment would help elucidate how foods were contaminated. PFGE might not be universally applicable to all salmonella strains.     

Salmonella serotypes identified in Mexican health services

OBJECTIVE: To identify the different Salmonella strain serotypes isolated at public and private laboratories in Mexico and at the Institute for Epidemiologic Diagnosis and Referral (InDRE). MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 24,394 Salmonella strains collected from 1972 to 1999 in public and private health laboratories of Mexico were analyzed with the Kauffmann-White method, using antisera produced by InDRE, according to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, Atlanta, GA) standards; 15,843 (64.9%) samples were from human sources and 8,551 (35.1%) from non-human sources. RESULTS: One hundred ninety nine different serotypes were identified. The most frequent serotype in human beings was S. Typhimurium (20.4%), followed by S. Enteritidis (18.3%). In the past few years, the frequency of S. Enteritidis has been increasing, surpassing that of S. Typhimurium since 1991. Presently S. Enteritidis is the most frequently isolated serotype. In non-human sources, S. Derby (13.8%) and S. Anatum (8.5%) are the most frequent strains. CONCLUSIONS: Salmonella serotypes most frequently isolated in Mexico are: S. Typhimurium, S. Enteritidis, S. Derby, S. Agona y S. Anatum. From the epidemiologic standpoint, it is necessary to identify circulating and emerging Salmonella serotypes in order to target pertinent preventative interventions.     

山东地区屠宰场猪肉污染沙门氏菌菌株毒力基因筛查与ERIC-PCR分型

目的 了解生猪屠宰加工过程中沙门氏菌的污染状况、分离菌株的毒力基因携带情况及其溯源性追踪。方法 应用液相芯片法对分离沙门氏菌进行血清分型,并对分离菌株进行毒力基因筛查,通过基因间重复序列为引物的聚合酶链式反应(ERIC—PCR)分型技术对代表性沙门氏菌分离株进行基因分型,并用NTSYS-pc2.10软件进行聚类分析。结果 1 480份样品共得到298株沙门氏菌菌株,分离率为20.14%;98.32%的分离菌株携带肠毒素stn基因;96%以上的分离菌株携带毒力岛SPI1、SPI5核心蛋白基因mogA、araB以及菌毛基因;选择实验的沙门氏菌遗传相似性在70%~100%之间,共分为 9个基因型。结论 山东地区屠宰环节猪肉中分离沙门氏菌携带多种耐药基因和毒力基因,德尔卑、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌占试验菌株的45.97%。     

Drug sensitivity, conjugative R plasmids and plasmid profiles of Salmonella isolated from humans with infectious enteritis

Using 92 Salmonella strains isolated from patients suspected of having infectious diseases of the intestinal tract who visited 13 hospitals in Japan during the six years between 1991 and 1996, we investigated the drug susceptibility, prevalence of conjugative R plasmid, and the plasmid profiles. 1) Of the bacterial isolates tested, 52.2% showed drug-resistance. Regarding the drug-resistance patterns, 70.8% of the isolates were resistant to a single drug, while 29.2% were multi drug-resistant. 2) Dividing the resistance patterns by the serotypes, among Salmonella Enteritidis isolates, single-drug resistance to SM was the most frequent, being detected in 27 isolates. Single-drug resistance to NA and two-drug resistance to SM/TC were the second-most frequent, each being detected in isolates. Among Salmonella Hadar isolates, four isolates showed two-drug resistance to SM/TC, and one isolate showed single-drug resistance to TC. Among Salmonella Typhimurium isolates, one isolate each showed three-drug resistance to ABPC/CER/KM and KM/TC/CP. Among Salmonella Agona isolates, one isolate each showed two-drug resistance to SM/TC and single-drug resistance to SM. Among Salmonella Derby isolates, two isolates showed single-drug resistance to SM. 3) The prevalence of conjugative R plasmid was investigated in 48 drug-resistant isolates, and six isolates (12.5%) contained the plasmid. 4) The prevalence of the plasmid was investigated in 29 drug-resistant S. Enteritidis isolates, and 22 isolates (75.9%) contained the plasmid. These isolated were classified by the plasmid profiles into types H1 to H7. 5) Regarding the plasmid profiles of the S. Enteritidis isolates, a position corresponding to 60 Kbp was the most frequently detected in 90.5%.     

Microbial contamination of pig carcasses at a slaughterhouse in Vientiane capital, Lao PDR

A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine microbial contamination of pig carcasses at a slaughterhouse in Vientiane, capital of Lao People Democratic Republic (Lao PDR). Between November 2004 and April 2005, 62 pig carcasses were randomly selected. From each carcass, pooled swabs (from "1" prior to and "2" after evisceration) and 25 g of tissue of mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) were collected. The swab samples were examined for Aerobic Plate Count (APC) and Enterobacteriaceae Counts (EBC) and cultured for Salmonella. The lymph nodes were cultured for Salmonella only. Swabs1 and 2 had mean APC of 4.70 and 4.85 log10CFU/cm2, respectively. These two means were significantly (p = 0.0001) different. The means of EBC were 2.81 log10CFU/cm2 for Swab 1, and 2.98 log10CFU/cm2 for Swab 2. The difference were also statistical significant (p = 0.0001). The frequency of Salmonella isolation from Swab 1 was 46.8%, for Swab 2 was 66.1%, and from mesenteric lymphnodes was 53.2%. Eight different Salmonella serotypes were identified. The most frequent (29.1%) serotype was S. Rissen, followed by S. Anatum (26.2%), S. Derby (18.4%), and S. Elisabethville (8.7%). The other serotypes identified were S. Amsterdam (7.8%), S. Typhimurium (4.9%), S. Agona (2.9%), and S. Enteritidis (1.9%). Results of this study showed the levels of contamination with aerobic bacteria and Enterobacteriaceae were higher than recommended standards, and the carcasses were contaminated with Salmonella.     

猪沙门菌疫苗研究进展

沙门菌病是一种重要的人兽共患病,我国是猪肉消费大国,受污染的猪肉是沙门菌病的主要来源,目前国内外有许多猪沙门菌疫苗在被使用。在欧洲现流行的猪沙门菌疫苗为减毒活疫苗,能减少沙门菌在猪体内的定殖,并能在二次免疫后诱导高效的抗体免疫应答。接种疫苗并非万无一失,问题就在于,当沙门菌的血清型与疫苗的抗原不相同时,对沙门菌的防控效果就较差,现阶段对猪疫苗交叉保护研究较少。本文就猪沙门菌疫苗的研究进展进行了综述。     

沙门菌感染流行病学及对喹诺酮耐药研究进展

沙门菌感染是全球重大的公共卫生问题,沙门菌耐药菌株的逐渐增多给沙门菌病治疗带来了极大困难,成为公共健康的一大威胁。本文就沙门菌感染的流行病学和对喹诺酮耐药机制研究现状进行综述,为沙门菌的感控防控工作的开展提供参考。     

The incidence of Salmonella in random-source cats purchased for use in research.

In research facilities, cats are routinely ignored as a potential source of salmonella infection. Over a period of 18 months, 142 cats received from commercial vendors for use in research were screened for enteric Salmonella. Salmonella was isolated from 15 animals, an incidence of 10.6%. Five (29%) of the 17 shipments contained animals that were positive for Salmonella. The serotypes isolated were Salmonella derby, Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella anatum, Salmonella enteritidis, and Salmonella bredeney.