谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶M1基因多态与食管癌的Meta分析

目的 对谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶M1(GSTM1)基因多态与食管癌的关联性进行Meta分析。方法 以食管癌组与对照组人群基因型分布的OR值为效应指标,各资料间进行一致性检验,以确定采用固定或随机效应模型进行合并分析。发表偏倚评估用漏斗图法进行。结果 共收集国内外相关资料11篇,积累病例1190例,对照1964名,合并OR值为1.197(95％CI:0.846～1.692)。对其中5篇资料按吸烟与否分层,吸烟组合并OR值为1.523(95％CI:1.099～2.109);不吸烟组合并OR值为0.933(95％CI:0.469～1.692)。结论 GSTM1基因多态与食管癌的易感性无关,但携带GSTM1空白基因型的吸烟者患食管癌的危险性可能会增加。     

p53基因突变和蛋白表达改变在食管癌预后作用中的Meta分析

目的 探讨p53基因突变及P53蛋白表达改变对食管癌预后的影响。方法 应用Meta分析方法Dersimonian-Laird模型对有关p53改变与食管癌预后的文献进行定量综合分析,共人选27篇文献,累计病例2174例,p53阳性1150例,阳性率52.9％。结果 对入选27篇文献一致性检验,q值为59.88,P<0.005,文献具有异质性,合并相对危险比为2.07,95％可信区间为1.58～2.70。结论 p53改变可能是食管癌患者不良预后的一个生物标志物,有利于食管癌的治疗决策。     

p53基因多态性与中国人群食管癌易感性的Meta分析

目的 探讨p53基因多态性与中国人群食管癌易感性的关系.方法 检索CBMdisc,CMCC,CNKI,Medline,Pubmed,ScienceDirect,Springer Link等数据库,并收集未公开发表的文章及硕、博士学位论文,获得有关p53基因多态性与中国人群食管癌易感性的关系的文献.确定文献的纳入和排除标准,对文献进行筛选,然后应用Meta分析软件RevMan 5.1对各研究原始数据进行统计处理,以病例组及对照组p53基因型分布的比值比(OR值)为效应指标,计算合并OR值及95％可信区间,发表偏倚用漏斗图和Egger's线性回归检验来评估并进行敏感性分析.结果 携带杂合基因型(Arg/Pro)的个体发生食管癌的危险性是野生纯合型(Arg/Arg)的1.12倍(OR=1.12,95％CI:1.01～1.25),携带突变纯合基因型(Pro/Pro)的个体发生食管癌的危险性是野生纯合型(Arg/Arg)的1.43倍(OR=1.43,95％CI:1.15～1.78).结论 表明与野生纯合型(Arg/Arg)相比,携带杂合基因型(Arg/Pro)和突变纯合基因型(Pro/Pro)可显著增加食管癌发病风险性.     

维生素D受体基因单核苷酸多态性与结直肠腺瘤相关性的Meta分析

目的 探讨维生索D受体(VDR)基因FokI、BsmI和TaqI位点单核苷酸多态性(SNP)与结直肠腺瘤(CRA)的关系.方法 用Meta分析法研究VDR基因多态性与CRA的关系,计算纳入研究的合并OR值及其95％CI.结果 检索PubMed、Embase和ISI Web of Science数据库,按照既定的纳入标准进行筛选后,最后选择了6项研究.在显性、隐性、等位和相加模型分析中,VDR基因FokI SNP在CRA风险上的合并OR值在4种分析模型中分别为0.97(95％CI:0.83～1.14)、1.06(95％CI:0.84～1.34)、1.00(95％CI:0.89～1.12)和1.04 (95％CI:0.81～1.33),差异均无统计学意义(P均＞0.05).BsmI SNP的合并OR值分别为0.96 (95％CI:0.76～1.20)、0.99(95％CI:0.83～1.19)、0.98(95％CI:0.87～1.12)和0.96(95％CI:0.75～1.23),差异无统计学意义(P均＞0.05).TaqI SNP的合并OR值分别为0.96(95％CI:0.82～1.13)、1.06(95％CI:0.81～1.38)、0.99(95％CI:0.92～1.06)和1.01(95％CI:0.87～1.17),差异无统计学意义(P均＞0.05).结论 VDR基因多态性与CRA之间没有显著联系.     

吸烟、饮酒与食管癌关系的Meta-分析

目的 探讨我国吸烟、饮酒与食管癌的关系。方法 应用Meta—分析方法对国内有关吸烟、饮酒与食管癌的关系7个研究结果进行定量综合分析。用随机效应模型(D—L法)计算合并比值比(0R)及其95％的可信区间(95％C1)。结果 吸烟、饮酒的合并OR分别为1．84〔95％CI：1．50一2．25)和1．50(1．22一1．85)，它们相应的归因危险度百分比分别为23．21％和16．41％。结论 吸烟、饮酒是我国食管癌的危险因素。     

中国居民超重或肥胖、吸烟、饮酒与脑卒中关系的Meta分析

目的 探讨中国居民超重或肥胖、吸烟、饮酒与脑卒中的关系.方法 采用RevMan 4.2.9版本软件中的Meta分析,对1999-2006年国内有关研究超重或肥胖、吸烟、饮酒等因素对脑卒中关系的文献进行综合分析.结果 检索到超重或肥胖、吸烟、饮酒与脑卒中关系的文献分别有6篇、6篇、6篇;经异质性检验后,分别采用固定效应模型、随机效应模型进行OR值的合并.超重或肥胖、吸烟、饮酒对脑卒中影响的合并OR值分别为1.81(95% CI:1.40～2.35)、1.22(95% CI:1.08～1.37)和1.19(95% CI:1.03～1.38),经Z检验,Z值分别为4.52、3.24、2.36,P值均小于0.05.同时绘制漏斗图,发现图形基本呈现对称的漏斗状,这说明该类研究发表偏倚较小.结论 中国居民超重或肥胖、吸烟、饮酒均为脑卒中的危险因素.     

中国高校学生吸烟危险因素的Meta分析

目的 探讨影响中国高校学生吸烟的危险因素,为制定预防教育措施提供科学依据.方法 利用Meta分析方法综合分析公开发表的有关我国高校学生吸烟影响因素的17篇文献.结果 我国高校学生吸烟危险因素的单因素分析合并OR值及95％ CI分别为:朋友吸烟3.84(3.09 ～4.77)、教师吸烟2.21(1.60 ～3.07)、父母吸烟1.81(1.43 ～2.30);多因素分析合并OR值及95％ CI分别为:父母吸烟1.66(1.39～1.98)、教师吸烟1.48(1.21 ～1.82)、朋友吸烟2.39(1.96 ～2.91)、专业2.05(1.20 ～3.50)、吸烟态度2.89( 1.85 ～4.54)、每月生活费2.84(2.18 ～3.71)、低年级1.24(1.00～1.54)、同学吸烟1.40(1.02 ～1.91)、母亲文化程度0.34(0.18 ～0.62)、饮酒4.84(3.03～7.72).结论 饮酒、吸烟态度、月生活费、朋友吸烟、专业、父母吸烟、教师吸烟、同学吸烟是我国高校学生吸烟的危险因素.     

亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶基因1298A→C多态与食管癌易感性关系的病例对照研究

目的 研究亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶(MTHFR)基因1298A→C多态及其和生活习惯相互作用与食管癌易感性的关系。方法 在食管癌高发区的淮安市楚州区开展了一项病例对照研究(食管癌患者141例,人群对照228名),调查研究对象的生活习惯,采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性技术检测研究对象的MTHFR 1298A→C基因型。结果 ①食管癌组中MTHFR 1298 AA、AC和CC基因型携带者的比例分别为63.8％、34.0％和2.1％,与对照组的71.9％、28.1％和0.0％相比,差异有统计学意义(X_(MH)~2=6.69,P=0.035)。②在MTHFR 1298C等位基因携带者中,伴有吸烟习惯者发生食管癌的调整OR为3.48(95％CI:1.57～7.71),伴有经常饮酒的习惯者发生食管癌的调整OR为2.91(95％CI:1.20～7.08),无饮茶习惯者发生食管癌的调整OR为3.52(95％CI:1.64～7.54)。MTHFR 1298AC和CC基因型与吸烟、饮酒和不饮茶在食管癌发生中的相互作用系数r分别为3.05、3.69和6.30。结论 MTHFR 1298AC和CC基因型对吸烟、饮酒和不饮茶增加食管癌发生风险的作用有明显的放大效应。     

中国人脂联素基因多态性与冠心病相关性研究的Meta分析

目的 探讨中国人脂联素基因多态性与冠心病的相关性.方法 通过计算机检索文献,收集2012年3月以前完成或发表的有关中国人脂联素基因多态性与冠心病相关性研究的病例对照研究,剔除不符合要求的文献,以漏斗图检验入选文献的偏倚,并根据各入选文献结果的同质性检验结果进行Meta分析,计算总OR值.结果 共16篇文献符合条件纳入研究.入选文献无明显偏倚.Meta分析显示基因+45T/G和+276G/T多态性与冠心病易感性的OR值分别为0.89(95％CI:0.49～1.14)、1.30 (95％CI:0.73～2.31).结论 中国人群脂联素基因多态性与冠心病易感性无相关性.     

中国人群瘦素受体Gln223Arg、Pr01019Pro基因多态性与肥胖关联性的Meta分析

目的 探讨瘦素受体(LEPR) Gln223Arg、Prol019Pro基因多态性与肥胖的关联性.方法 计算机检索万方、CNKI、维普、CBM、PubMed、EMBASE数据库,收集1979-2010年公开发表的关于中国人群LEPR Gln223Arg、LEPR Pro1 019Pro基因多态性与肥胖的病例对照研究的文献,选择OR值及其95％CI作为Meta分析指标.利用Stata 10.0软件对各研究结果进行异质性检验和效应值合并计算.结果 根据统一的纳入和剔除标准,纳入15篇文献,其中LEPRGln223Arg基因多态性相关文献9篇,共有肥胖者1096例,对照组949人;LEPR Prol019Pro基因多态性相关文献8篇,共有肥胖者961例,对照组818人.LEPR Gln223Arg基因多态性与肥胖关联性的研究中,LEPR-668位点基因G/A的OR=0.66(95％CI:0.49～0.89),将有A→3基因突变的AG基因型和GG基因型合并后与AA基因型比较,肥胖易感性降低(OR=0.50,95％CI:0.32～0.77)有统计学意义;在LEPR Prol019Pro基因多态性与肥胖关联性的研究中,LEPR-3057位点基因A/G的OR=1,61 (95％CI:1.15～2.26),有G→A基因突变的基因型AG和基因型AA合并后与GG基因型比较,肥胖易感性升高(OR=1.50,95％CI:1.08～2.08),有统计学意义.结论 中国汉族为主的人群LEPR Gln223Arg和LEPR Prol019Pro基因多态性与肥胖的发生均有关联.     

我国及寒地与非寒地地区高血压影响因素的系统综述与Meta分析

目的 系统评价我国及寒地与非寒地地区高血压影响因素及其差异。方法 以高血压不同影响因素为主要检索词检索文献,进行文献筛选、提取相关数据。使用CMA V2统计软件进行统计分析。结果 本系统综述和Meta分析共纳入分析了16个高血压影响因素。合并OR值大于1.00,与高血压关联强度较强的前3位的因素依次为肥胖、家族史、糖尿病,其合并OR（95%CI）值分别为3.00（95%CI：2.69~3.36）、2.04（95%CI：1.87~2.23）、1.94（95%CI：1.68~2.24）。人群归因危险度共计算肥胖、超重、糖尿病、吸烟、饮酒5种因素,人群中患高血压22.00%与肥胖有关,21.39%和超重有关。分层分析发现年龄（OR_寒地=1.35,95%CI：1.27~1.45）;OR_非寒地=1.50,95%CI：1.47~1.53）、性别（OR_寒地=1.30,95%CI：1.16~1.45;OR_非寒地=0.99,95%CI：0.90~1.09）、腰围OR_寒地=2.75,95%CI：2.11~3.59）;OR_非寒地=3.06,95%CI：2.70~3.48）三个影响因素在寒地与非寒地地区之间差异有统计学意义（均有P<0.05）。结论 影响我国居民高血压的主要因素为超重、肥胖、糖尿病、吸烟、饮酒。我国寒地地区与非寒地地区高血压的影响因素差异不显著。     

国内吸烟、饮酒与缺血性脑卒中关系的Meta分析

目的探讨吸烟、饮酒与缺血性脑卒中的关系.方法应用Meta分析方法对检索到的国内10个吸烟、饮酒与缺血性脑卒中关系的研究结果进行定量综合分析,一致性检验后,应用随机效应模型(D-L法)计算,合并比值比(OR)及其95%的可信区间(95% CI).结果吸烟、饮酒的合并OR(95% CI)分别为2.01(1.41～2.85)和2.36(1.87～2.98).吸烟、饮酒高危人群缺血性脑卒中的病因分值为50.25%和57.63%,一般人群归因危险百分比为26.66%和34.83%.结论吸烟、饮酒是我国缺血性脑卒中的重要危险因素,开展人群戒烟限酒干预是缺血性脑卒中病因预防的一项重要措施.     

食管癌危险因素的Meta分析

目的 对食管癌与其危险因素的关联性进行Meta分析。方法 应用Meta分析方法对国内有关食管癌危险因素的22个研究结果进行定量综合分析，用随机效应模型计算合并比值比(OR)及其95％可信区间(95％CI)。结果 吸烟、饮酒、快食、烫食、嗜淹菜、食管癌家族史、不良心理因素、嗜咸食的合并OR分别为2．08(95％CI：1．66-2．61)，1．51(1．25-1．81)，2．38(1．70-3．34)，2．11(1．67-2.66)，2．11(1．68-2．66)，3．09(2．37-4．03)，2．90(1．84-4．58)，1．30(0．96-1．77)。结论 吸烟、饮酒、快食、烫食、嗜淹菜、食管癌家族史、不良心理因素为食管癌的危险因素，嗜咸食与食管癌的关系尚不能确定。     

Analysis of factors related to smoking initiation and continued smoking in young adolescents

OBJECTIVE: To analyse the determining of the acquisition and later consolidation of the tobacco consumption in young adolescents. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Longitudinal study of three years of duration (2000-2002). Subjects were students of secondary education between 13 and 14 years old at the beginning of the study. The research was performed in Gran Canaria Island with a final sample of 745 subjects. Models of conditional binary election were considered for longitudinal data where the dependent variable reflects decisions of the adolescents through time, with regard to the probability of beginning to smoke, "beginning model", and the probability of being occasional or habitual smoker, "experimentation model". RESULTS: In the last year, 57% of the young teenagers surveyed use tobacco, a 25% more than in the first year, some of them, 9% on a daily basis. In the "beginning model" the determining of the tobacco consumption are interest in studies (odds ratio [OR] = 0.27; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.08-0.87 and OR = 0.14; 95% CI, 0.03-0.58 for the students having enough and much interest in studies, respectively), to have a smoker as the best friend (OR = 7.44; 95% CI, 2.59-21.4), the alcohol consumption (OR = 11.82; 95% CI, 4.96-28.2 and OR=15.42; 95% CI, 4.68-50.7 for youngs who drink alcohol occasionally or frequently) and having more pocket money (euros per week) (OR = 1.13; 95% CI, 1.07-1.19). For the "experimentation model", to have a smoker as the best friend (OR = 7.01; 95% CI, 2.96-16.5), the alcohol consumption (OR = 5.71; 95% CI, 1.98-16.4 and OR = 5.22; 95% CI, the 1.56-17.5 for youngs who drink alcohol occasionally or frequently) and the number of years since the student started smoking (OR = 1.44; 95% IC, 1.11-1.86). CONCLUSIONS: Our study emphasizes, peer group effect, drinking alcoholic beverages and lack of interest in studies as factors associated to the tobacco consumption.     

Meta- and pooled analysis of GSTT1 and lung cancer: a HuGE-GSEC review

Lung cancer is the most common malignancy in the Western world, and the main risk factor is tobacco smoking. Polymorphisms in metabolic genes may modulate the risk associated with environmental factors. The glutathione S-transferase theta 1 gene (GSTT1) is a particularly attractive candidate for lung cancer susceptibility because of its involvement in the metabolism of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons found in tobacco smoke and of other chemicals, pesticides, and industrial solvents. The frequency of the GSTT1 null genotype is lower among Caucasians (10-20%) than among Asians (50-60%). The authors present a meta- and a pooled analysis of case-control, genotype-based studies that examined the association between GSTT1 and lung cancer (34 studies, 7,629 cases and 10,087 controls for the meta-analysis; 34 studies, 7,044 cases and 10,000 controls for the pooled analysis). No association was observed between GSTT1 deletion and lung cancer for Caucasians (odds ratio (OR) = 0.99, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.87, 1.12); for Asians, a positive association was found (OR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.10, 1.49). In the pooled analysis, the odds ratios were not significant for either Asians (OR = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.83, 1.13) or Caucasians (OR = 1.09, 95% CI: 0.99, 1.21). No significant interaction was observed between GSTT1 and smoking on lung cancer, whereas GSTT1 appeared to modulate occupational-related lung cancer.     

Excessive drinking and history of unemployment and cohabitation in Danish men born in 1953

Background: Few studies exist on social inequality of excessive drinking in Denmark and differences seem to be less pronounced than in other European countries. The aims of this study were to investigate how history of employment and cohabitation is associated with excessive drinking and to study interaction between both. Methods: Birth-cohort study of 6112 Danish men born in 1953 with follow-up in 2004 on excessive drinking at age 51 years. RESULTS: Excessive drinking (between 22 and 35 units of alcohol per week) differed little depending on history of unemployment and cohabitation. Risk of very excessive drinking (drinking >35 units of alcohol per week) increased with number of job losses-ranging from one job-loss [odds ratio (OR) 1.72, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.39-2.14] to three or more job-losses (OR 2.48, 95% CI 1.75-3.52)--and duration of unemployment--ranging from 1 to 5 years (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.11-1.63) to ≥10 years (OR 4.16, CI 3.13-5-53). Very excessive drinking was also associated with number of broken partnerships-ranging from one broken partnership (OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.16-1.77) to three or more broken partnerships (OR 2.69, 95% CI 2.03-3.55)--and with living alone for >5 years--ranging from 6 to 9 years (OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.30-2.29) to ≥10 years (OR 2.55, 95% CI 2.04-3.55). We found an interaction between the number of job-losses and of broken partnerships in relation to very excessive drinking. CONCLUSIONS: Very excessive drinking is related to number of job-losses, broken partnerships, living alone and duration of unemployment.     

Smoking, alcohol drinking, green tea consumption and the risk of esophageal cancer in Japanese men

BACKGROUND: Although smoking and alcohol drinking are established risk factors of esophageal cancer, their public health impact is unclear. Furthermore, the effect of green tea is controversial. METHODS: The present study was based on a pooled analysis of two prospective cohort studies. A self-administered questionnaire about health habits was distributed to 9,008 men in Cohort 1 and 17,715 men in Cohort 2, aged 40 years or older, with no previous history of cancer. We identified 38 and 40 patient cases with esophageal cancer among the subjects in Cohort 1 (9.0 years of follow-up) and Cohort 2 (7.6 years of follow-up), respectively. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) of the risk of esophageal cancer incidence. RESULTS: Cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking and green tea consumption were significantly associated with an increased risk of esophageal cancer. Compared with men who had never smoked, never drunk alcohol or green tea, the pooled multivariate HRs (95% confidence intervals) were 5.09 (1.80-14.40) (p for trend <0.0001), 2.73 (1.55-4.81) (p for trend=0.0002), or 1.67 (0.89-3.16) (P for trend=0.04) for men who were currently smoking > or =20 cigarettes/day, drinking alcohol daily, or drinking > or =5 cups green tea/day, respectively. The population attributable fractions of esophageal cancer incidence that was attributable to smoking, alcohol drinking and green tea consumption were 72.0%, 48.6%, and 22.1%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Among the variables studied, smoking has the largest public health impact on esophageal cancer incidence in Japanese men, followed by alcohol drinking and green tea drinking.     

Youth smoking risk and community patterns of alcohol availability and control: a national multilevel study

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To test whether college youth smoking risks are independently associated with community patterns of alcohol availability and control. DESIGN: Hierarchical multilevel multivariable modelling of cross sectional survey data. Outcomes included self reported current (past 30 day) cigarette smoking and heavy episodic (binge) drinking. SETTING: 120 nationally representative US colleges. PARTICIPANTS: 10 924 randomly selected students. MAIN RESULTS: Individual risks for smoking and binge drinking are independently associated with community patterns of alcohol availability, policy enforcement and control over and above individual perceptions about these factors, student and college characteristics, and school binge drinking rates. Youth exposed to high levels of alcohol availability are at higher risk of smoking (OR 3.61, 95% CI 1.75, 7.44) and binge drinking (OR 4.22, 95% CI 2.25, 7.93) than youth not so exposed; youth exposed to strongly enforced alcohol policy environments are at lower risk for smoking (OR 0.30, 95% CI 0.16, 0.57) and binge drinking (OR 0.17, 95% CI 0.10, 0.31) than youth not so exposed; youth exposed to communities with strong parental controls are at lower risk for smoking (OR 0.05, 95% CI 0.01, 0.23) and binge drinking (OR 0.06, 95% CI 0.01, 0.21) than youth not so exposed. Individual risks related to environmental exposures differ for youth with varying perceptions about alcohol availability and policy control. CONCLUSIONS: Drinking environments in US college communities comprise strong independent risks for smoking. Smoking prevention models should be tested that include environmental drinking prevention strategies tailored to underlying perceptions and experiences of college youth.     

Absence of religious beliefs,unhealthy eating habits,illicit drug abuse,and self-rated health is associated with alcohol and tobacco use among college students — PADu study

Aim

Describing the factors associated with the alcohol consumption, tobacco use, binge drinking, and “binge drinking and tobacco use” by college students.

Subject and methods

Cross-sectional study carried out with 356 first-semester college students of a public educational institution at Minas Gerais, Brazil. Sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle habits (alcohol consumption, tobacco and illicit drugs use, exposure time on screens, and eating habits), and health conditions (weight, height, self-rated health, symptoms of anxiety, and depression) were collected. Statistical analysis was performed using Stata® software version 13.0.

Results

The prevalence of alcohol consumption, tobacco use, binge drinking, and “binge drinking and tobacco use” were 73.9%, 17.4%, 43.5%, and 13.4%, respectively. Had no religious beliefs was associated with alcohol consumption (OR: 1.86 95% CI 1.06–3.27), tobacco use (OR: 2.00 95% CI 1.06–3.78), and “binge drinking and tobacco use” (OR: 2.33 95% CI 1.09–4.96). Unhealthy eating habits was associated with alcohol consumption (OR: 2.06 95% CI 1.06–3.97) and tobacco use (OR: 2.74 95% CI 1.33–5.68; OR: 0.75 95% CI 0.31–1.80). Illicit drugs was associated with alcohol consumption (OR: 8.55 95% CI 1.12–65.42) and tobacco use (OR: 3.19 95% CI 1.20–8.51). Self-rated health was associated with tobacco use, combined (OR: 2.93 95% CI 1.37–6.28) or not (OR: 2.46 95% CI 1.32–4.61) with binge drinking. Additionally, tobacco use was associated with white skin color (OR: 2.62 95% CI 1.35–5.07) and being homosexual (OR: 0.37 95% CI 0.18–0.75). Moreover, “binge drinking” was associated with being overweight (OR: 1.72 95% CI 1.03–2.84). Associations remained in the age and sex adjustment.

Conclusion

It was observed that some factors associated with alcohol consumption and tobacco use are modifiable risk factors. Therefore, we suggest strategic actions focusing on raising the population’s awareness to change these factors. Longitudinal studies are necessary to understand the causal relationship between studied variables and, thus, develop strategic actions to improve the life quality of this population group.