2型糖尿病患者膀胱过度活动症患病现状及影响因素分析

目的了解2型糖尿病患者膀胱过度活动症(OAB)患病现状,并探讨影响因素。方法采用方便抽样法抽取1 103例2型糖尿病患者,使用一般资料调查表、OAB症状评分量表、Charlson合并症指数进行调查,并测量腰臀比及记录糖化血红蛋白水平。结果 2型糖尿病患者OAB患病率为13.6%。Logistic回归分析显示,年龄、性别、糖化血红蛋白、腰臀比、Charlson合并症指数是OAB的影响因素(P0.05,P0.01)。结论糖尿病患者是OAB的高危人群,尤其是血糖水平控制欠佳、年长、男性、肥胖、合并其他慢性病的患者。应加强对OAB预防知识的健康教育,并在糖尿病治疗过程中关注OAB患病情况,及早干预和治疗,以控制或延缓OAB病情进展。     

Central hemodynamics,vascular stiffness,and nocturia in patients with type 2 diabetes

Abstract

Recently, studies have shown that the presence of nocturia may not be a benign condition and related with systemic illness and mortality. Elevated blood pressure (BP) was another factor related with nocturia. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is also associated with nocturia. It is now clear that, apart from peripheral BP, central hemodynamic parameters are important for cardiovascular prognosis. However, no previous study in the literature examined the relationship between nocturia and central hemodynamic parameters in patients with T2DM. The current study was designed to examine these relationships. Nocturia was defined as two or more voids per night. Central hemodynamic parameters were assessed from ambulatory BP measurements. In addition to routine biochemistry, 24-h urine collection was performed to measure protein, albumin, and sodium excretion. 158 patients (52.3%) had T2DM and 144 (47.7%) did not have T2DM (control group). The presence of T2DM was independently related with nocturia. Both in whole group and in T2DM patients, most of the hemodynamic parameters are higher in patients with nocturia compared to patients without nocturia. Among patients with T2DM, nocturia was associated with augmentation index and pulse wave velocity. In conclusion, central hemodynamic parameters and markers of vascular stiffness may be related with nocturia in patients with T2DM.     

2型糖尿病患者的风险感知及影响因素分析

目的了解2型糖尿病患者的风险感知水平及其影响因素。方法采用糖尿病相对性风险感知问卷对268名2型糖尿病患者进行调查。结果相对性风险感知总得分2.55±0.37,各维度得分由高到低依次为:担心3.39±0.51,相对性环境风险2.84±0.39,个人风险控制2.74±0.47,乐观性偏差2.52±0.67,个人疾病风险2.17±0.78。女性及文化程度高者感知的个人风险控制和乐观性偏差显著高于男性及文化程度低者(P0.05,P0.01),非在岗者的担心水平显著高于在岗者(P0.05)。相对性风险感知总分与病程呈正相关(P0.01),个人风险控制与空腹血糖呈负相关(P0.05),个人疾病风险与年龄、病程呈正相关(均P0.01)。乐观性偏差、病程、年龄、个人风险控制、担心、家庭月收入是个人感知的疾病风险的独立影响因素。结论 2型糖尿病患者的风险感知水平偏低,应根据不同人口学特征和疾病临床特征,采取有效的健康风险沟通和个性化健康干预。     

The alpha-adducin gene is associated with macrovascular complications and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes

We examined the association between alpha-adducin 1 (ADD1) gene polymorphism (Gly460Trp) with macrovascular complications and mortality in type 2 diabetes in a Caucasian population aged >or=55 years. The study was part of the Rotterdam Study, a prospective population-based cohort study. ADD1 polymorphism was determined in 6,471 participants, including 599 patients with type 2 diabetes at baseline. The prevalence of hypertension in type 2 diabetic patients was 2.57 times higher in ADD1 TT carriers compared with GG carriers (95% CI 1.05-6.32, P = 0.03). Homozygous T carriers also had a higher mean common carotid intima media thickness (IMT) compared with GG carriers (mean difference 0.05 mm, P for trend = 0.03). In diabetic patients with hypertension, the risk of mortality was 1.83 times higher in homozygous T carriers compared with the GG genotype group (95% CI 1.07-3.16, P = 0.03). The increased risk was only present among TT carriers who did not use antidiabetes medication (hazard ratio 2.18 [95% CI 1.12-4.24], P = 0.02). The results of this population-based cohort study suggest that the ADD1 gene contributes to the risk of hypertension and increases mean common carotid IMT in patients with type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, the study indicates that the ADD1 polymorphism could be useful in identifying hypertensive type 2 diabetic patients with a high risk of mortality.     

Stress,inflammatory markers and factors associated in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Stress is evaluated using tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), Heat Shock Protein 60 (Hsp60) and other markers in chronic diseases. We examined the association of Hsp60, cortisol, TNF‐α and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) serum levels with psychological and socio‐economic factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM‐2). We studied 151 DM‐2 patients in groups with <1 year and >5 years since diagnosis. Clinical data, family income and questionnaires of anxiety, depression, perceived stress, social support, glucose, glycated haemoglobin, lipids, Hsp60, cortisol, IL‐6 and TNF‐α were collected. Patients with >5 years since diagnosis of DM‐2 had lower body mass index (p < 0.016), higher glucose (p < 0.005) and HbA_1c (p < 0.005) levels. The group of recent diagnosis had higher Hsp60 (p < 0.00003). Hsp60 was associated negatively with years since diagnosis (p < 0.000012), and positively with glucose (p < 0.029). Cortisol was positively associated with glucose levels (p < 0.019) and family income (p < 0.037). TNF‐α was associated with years since diagnosis (p < 0.004) and perceived stress (p < 0.018). At early stages of DM‐2, Hsp60 increases with glucose levels, cortisol is associated with glucose levels. At later stages TNF‐α increases, associated with perceived stress. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The prevalence and risk factors of vertebral fractures in Korean patients with type 2 diabetes

Although type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been associated with an increase in fracture risk, there is no data regarding the prevalence of vertebral fractures or its risk factors for patients with T2DM in Korea. In this cross-sectional study, we recruited postmenopausal women with T2DM from 24 tertiary hospital diabetes clinics in Korea. Prevalent vertebral fractures were identified on lateral spinal radiographs of thoracolumbar vertebrae by vertebral morphometry. Demographic and biochemical characteristics related to diabetes were obtained, and bone mineral density of the lumbar spine and femoral neck, which was available in 752 (33.6 %) and 675 (30.1 %) patients, respectively, was also analyzed. Of the 2239 subjects recruited (mean age 63.9 years), a total of 970 (43.3 %) subjects had vertebral fractures. In the bivariate analysis, history of fragility fractures after 50 years of age, microalbuminuria, presence of cardiovascular disease (myocardial infarction, angina, cerebrovascular complications of cardiovascular disease), and presence of osteoporosis at the total hip were significantly associated with the presence of vertebral fractures, after adjusting for age. In the multivariate analysis, the presence of cardiovascular diseases in addition to advancing age and history of fragility fractures was significantly associated with increased odds of vertebral fractures. Vertebral fractures were highly prevalent in postmenopausal women with T2DM in this study conducted in Korea, and the presence of cardiovascular disease, in addition to older age and history of fragility fractures, was significantly associated with the presence of vertebral fractures.     

2型糖尿病患者合并骨量减少及骨质疏松症相关影响因素分析

目的探讨2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)患者合并骨量减少及骨质疏松症(osteoporsis,OP)相关影响因素。方法采用双能X线骨密度仪(DXA)测定617例住院T2DM患者股骨颈(N)及腰椎1~4(L1-4)的骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD),按BMD分为骨量正常、骨量减少及骨质疏松组,采用SPSS软件比较各组之间年龄、性别、病程及生化指标之间的差异性,分析T2DM骨密度相关影响因素。结果 OP组及骨量减少组女性比例、年龄均高于骨量正常组(P0.05),BMI低于骨量正常组(P0.05)。OP组T2DM病程大于骨量减少组及骨量正常组(P0.05),FPG、2h PG、糖化血红蛋白低于骨量正常组(P0.05),空腹C肽水平低于骨量正常组(P0.05)。血钙低于骨量减少组及骨量正常组(P0.05),骨量减少组空腹胰岛素水平低于骨量正常组(P0.05)。将上述结果进行Logistic回归分析结果显示:高龄、低FC-P水平、低Hb A1C、低BMI与T2DM合并骨量减少及OP有相关关系(P0.05)。结论老龄、低空腹C肽水平、低BMI的2型糖尿病患者易出现骨量减少及骨质疏松症。     

Prevalence of nephropathy in black patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

The prevalence of nephropathy in black patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus is poorly defined. We performed a cross-sectional analysis of 98 unrelated and unselected black type 2 diabetic patients treated in indigent care internal medicine clinics to determine the prevalence of proteinuria and nephropathy. Serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, urine albumin and urine creatinine concentrations were measured. A Spearman's rank correlation was computed to test for a relationship between diabetes duration and continuous outcomes. For binary outcomes, an odds ratio and 95% confidence interval were computed for a change of 10 years diabetes duration based on logistic regression. Cases were 61% female, and had mean (+/- SD) age 59.9 +/- 12.5 years, diabetes duration 12.6 +/- 9.4 years, body mass index 32.4 +/- 9.3 kg/m(2), hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) 9.2 +/- 2.3%, and serum creatinine concentration 1.60 +/- 1.1 mg/dl. For continuous variables, diabetes duration was positively associated with albuminuria (r = 0.31; p = 0.0017), serum creatinine (r = 0.36; p = 0.0003) and blood urea nitrogen concentration (r = 0.36; p = 0.0003). For binary variables, cases with longer diabetes duration were at increased risk for urinary albumin:creatinine >300 microg/mg (p = 0.006), elevated serum creatinine concentration (> or = 1.4 mg/dl in women or > or = 1.6 mg/dl in men; p = 0.045), elevated blood urea nitrogen concentration (> or = 20 mg/dl; p = 0.026), and clinical cerebrovascular disease (p = 0.028). HbA1C, body mass index, and blood pressure did not correlate with diabetes duration in this population. Among the cases, 33.7% had elevated serum creatinine concentration and 71.5% had abnormal levels of albuminuria (27.6% > 300 microg albumin/mg Cr and 43.9% 30-300 microg albumin/mg Cr). Abnormal proteinuria was seen in the majority of black patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus treated in indigent care clinics. This prevalence may be conservative, due to the widespread use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor therapy and exclusion of cases treated only by nephrologists. Approximately 70% of black patients with type 2 diabetes cared for in indigent care clinics have abnormal proteinuria and are at heightened risk for ESRD and death.     

中国丹东地区2型糖尿病患者骨质疏松症相关危险因素分析

目的分析丹东地区2型糖尿病（T2DM)患者骨质疏松症（0P)情况及骨质疏松症相关危险因 素。方法测定232例T2DM患者腰椎及股骨颈（晕藻糟噪）骨密度（BMD ),根据1998年WHO制定的 0P诊断标准把T2DM患者分为OP组与非OP组,比较两组生化指标、BMD差异,并进行相关性分析。结果1. T2DM患者中0P组与非0P组之间生化资料比较示0P组低密度脂蛋白（LDL-C )较非0P 组明显高,存在显著性差异（孕<0.05 )。2.0P组与非0P组腰椎（L1-4 )BMD比较示两组之间无显著 性差异（P >0. 05 );0P组的总体、男性及女性的平均股骨颈（Neck )BMD明显低于非0P组,两组之间 存在显著性差异（P <0.05 )。3. T2DM患者中0P组65例,总体发病率28.0%.( 65/232 ),其中男性8 例,男性发病率12.5%( 8/64 );女性57例,女性发病率33.9%( 57/168 ),男女0P发病率比较,存在 显著性差异(f越10.552,<0. 05 )。4. LogisLic回归分析示：T2DM患者中女性、有微血管并发症（糖 尿病肾病或/和糖尿病视网膜病变）、有高血压、血清钙离子低、低体重指数与0P发生相关（P <0.05 )。结论1.丹东地区住院T2DM患者的0P发病率28.0%.,明显高于正常人群,且女性发病率 高于男性。2.丹东地区T2DM患者中女性、有微血管并发症（糖尿病肾病或/和糖尿病视网膜病变）、有高血压、血清钙离子低、低体重指数与0P发生相关。     

Prevalence of urinary tract infection and risk factors among Saudi patients with diabetes

Purpose

The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of urinary tract infection (UTI) and its risk factors among Saudi diabetics.

Method

A total of 1,000 diabetic patients were included. Patients were interviewed and examined at each visit every 6 months.

Results

The prevalence of UTI was 25.3 % in total diabetic population and 7.2 and 41.1 % in males and females, respectively. Females have highest risk of UTI (RR = 6.102; CI = 4.343–8.573; P < 0.001). Age, duration of diabetes and HbA1c did not influence the incidence of UTI, while BMI above 30 kg/m² increased the risk (RR = 1.722; CI = 1.532–1.935; P < 0.001). The incidence of UTI in both type 1 and 2 diabetics was similar (23.7 and 25.6 %). There was no significant risk in patients aged above 60 years (RR = 1.054; CI = 0.841–1.321; P = 0.651). The risk factors found to be associated with UTI were hypertension (RR = 1.202; CI = 1.061–1.361; P = 0.006), insulin therapy (RR = 1.411; CI = 1.262–1.578; P < 0.001) and nephropathy (microalbuminuria) (RR = 1.417; CI = 1.036–1.939; P = 0.031).

Conclusion

The present study has shown that prevalence of UTI is more in diabetic females and diabetics with BMI above 30 kg/m². The other risk factors associated with UTI in general diabetic population were found to be microalbumniuria, hypertension and insulin therapy.     

Amputations and mortality in elderly insulin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes]

The diabetic foot syndrome has a strong impact on the morbidity of elderly patients with type 2 diabetes, since diabetics have a 22-fold higher amputation rate. The aim of this study was to conduct a prospective evaluation of elderly insulin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes, giving special consideration to the diabetic foot syndrome. 94 consecutively admitted patients (mean age 68 years; mean diabetes duration 13 years) were re-evaluated 2, 5 and 10 years after participation in a 5-day insulin treatment and teaching programme for patients with type 2 diabetes. During the 10-year follow-up period 60 (64%) patients had died. Of the remaining 34 patients 33 were evaluated personally or by phone. All patients still alive had no acute foot complications and no amputations during the 10-year follow-up period. In these patients an acceptable level of metabolic control and acute metabolic decompensations was found. However, in 55 deceased patients (no data were available for 5 patients) 20 above-knee amputations (1 patient on both legs) and 2 fore-foot amputations were performed. This shows that severe complications as amputations associated with high mortality will be grossly underestimated, unless deceased patients are included in follow-up studies. An improved care for the feet of elderly insulin-treated patients is needed.     

2型糖尿病合并胆囊结石相关危险因素的研究进展

2型糖尿病引起的胰岛素抵抗、脂代谢紊乱,自主植物神经病变等是形成胆囊结石的高危因素。近年来,对2型糖尿病与胆囊结石相关性的研究有了一些新的进展,如脂联素、瘦素及代谢综合征等等。本文对2型糖尿病合并胆囊结石的相关危险因素进行了总结。     

Risk factors associated with albuminuria in Kuwaiti adults with type 2 diabetes

There are no available data about the factors associated with diabetic nephropathy (DN) in Kuwaiti individuals with type 2 diabetes. This study was conducted on 154 consecutive Kuwaiti adults with type 2 diabetes who attended the diabetic out-patient clinic at Al-Sabah Hospital to determine the factors associated with albuminuria among them. Albuminuria was considered to be present if the urinary albumin:creatinine ratio test or 24-h collection was positive on two occasions. There were 102 (66.2%) women and 52 (33.8%) men, with a mean age of 49.1 ± 10.1 years and a median duration of diabetes for 6 years. Hypertension was found in 60.8% of the patients and 16.3% had an HbA 1c <7%. Albuminuria was found in 43.5% of the patients. The prevalence of microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria was 27.3% and 16.2%, respectively. In the univariate analysis, the factors that were significantly associated with albuminuria were hypertension - both systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels, HbA 1c , retinopathy, duration of diabetes, and modality of treatment. Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that hyper-tension was the main independent risk factor associated with albuminuria (OR 4.1, 95% CI 1.1- 15.0; P = 0.03). In conclusion, although albuminuria is common among Kuwaiti adults with type 2 diabetes, the prevalence is lower than that reported for other populations in spite of the poor glycemic control and the high prevalence of hypertension. Factors associated with albuminuria appear to be similar to other populations, and hypertension was the most independent factor. Early recognition and treatment of hypertension is an important strategy to prevent or delay DN as well as cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. A population-based study is warranted to confirm these findings and to search for genetic linkage for the development of DN.     

住院2型糖尿病男性患者骨质疏松相关危险因素分析

目的分析住院2型糖尿病男性患者发生骨量减少及骨质疏松的相关危险因素。方法选取2018年1月至2020年1月在天津医科大学代谢病医院内分泌科住院的年龄≥50岁的2型糖尿病男性患者370名,排除继发性骨质疏松以及其他影响骨代谢的疾病。应用美国GE公司的LUNAR双能X线骨密度仪测定患者腰椎L_1～L_4、股骨颈、全髋部位的骨密度,根据骨密度结果分为骨量正常组,骨量减少组与骨质疏松组,比较3组患者的年龄、病程、生化指标、糖尿病并发症等情况,分析引起骨量减少以及骨质疏松的危险因素。应用SPSS 24.0进行统计学分析,P0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果 2型糖尿病合并骨质疏松组男性患者年龄、病程、糖化血红蛋白、TC、LDL-C以及糖尿病微血管及大血管患病率均高于正常骨量与骨量减少组(P0.05)。而HOMA-β低于骨量正常与骨量减少组(P0.05),将上述结果进行Logistic回归分析,结果显示,年龄与糖尿病病程的增加、糖化血红蛋白的升高是住院男性2型糖尿病患者发生骨量减少的危险因素。而年龄的增长、糖尿病病程的增加,糖化血红蛋白、低密度脂蛋白的升高、合并微血管与大血管并发症是这些患者发生骨质疏松的危险因素。结论年龄、病程、Hb A1c、LDL-C,合并微血管与大血管并发症可以预测住院2型糖尿病男性患者骨质疏松发生风险。     

Prevalence of and risk factors for nocturia: Analysis of a health screening program

BACKGROUND: We examined the prevalence of and risk factors for nocturia in Kurashiki city and the surrounding area, a rural area in Japan. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We collected data on 6517 individuals (4568 men and 1949 women) who participated in a multiphasic health screening. We analyzed the relationships between nocturia assessed by a questionnaire (voiding twice or more during night) and other variables including age, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes mellitus (DM), chronic renal failure, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), smoking habit and alcohol intake. RESULTS: Overall, 1856 individuals (28.5%) answered that they arose to urinate at least twice during the night. This rate increased with age from 16.5% in individuals younger than 50 to 60.0% in those older than 69. Logistic regression analysis revealed that cohorts of subjects 50-59, 60-69, and 70 years old or over had, respectively, 1.75, 3.35, and 6.21 times the prevalence of nocturia of the 49 years or younger cohort. Hypertension (odds ratio [OR] 1.64) and DM (OR 1.70) were other independent positive risk factors for nocturia. On the other hand, current smokers who smoked 20 or more cigarettes per day were less likely to have nocturia than non-smokers (OR 0.72). In male individuals, BPH was another independent positive risk factor (OR 1.35). Gender was not associated with nocturia. CONCLUSIONS: Although population bias is an important limitation to this study, nocturia is associated with various factors suggesting that multiple approaches are needed to the treatment of patients with nocturia.