奥马珠单抗治疗儿童过敏性疾病的临床研究

目的:探讨奥马珠单抗在患多种过敏性疾病儿童中的治疗效果。方法:回顾性分析2020年9月至2022年9月就诊于南京医科大学附属明基医院儿科过敏性疾病门诊并使用奥马珠单抗治疗患儿的临床资料,分析患儿性别、年龄、过敏性疾病的种类、血清总IgE(TIgE)、皮肤点刺试验结果和(或)血清过敏原特异性IgE(sIgE)水平、奥马珠单抗治疗剂量、治疗效果及药物不良反应情况。结果:接受奥马珠单抗治疗的43例患儿,男/女为24/19;年龄(9.3±2.5)岁。患过敏性疾病种类：支气管哮喘43例(100%),变应性鼻炎43例(100%),过敏性结膜炎5例(11.6%),特应性皮炎18例(41.9%),牛奶蛋白过敏1例(2.3%)。43例患儿血清TIgE[(613.27±616.21)Ku/L]均明显升高。所有患儿过敏原检测均为阳性,其中尘螨过敏占比最高(93%)。治疗后43例哮喘合并变应性鼻炎患儿喘息发作次数减少,鼻炎症状明显减轻;5例过敏性结膜炎患儿眼红、眼痒症状均明显改善;特应性皮炎患儿17例皮肤瘙痒减轻,1例改善不佳;1例牛奶过敏患儿可耐受奶制品。结论:奥马珠单抗对同时存在多种过敏性疾病的患儿有明显治疗效果。     

奥马珠单抗在儿童过敏性哮喘临床应用专家共识

奥马珠单抗是治疗哮喘的生物靶向药物,推荐用于血清IgE升高、吸入性糖皮质激素联合长效β 2受体激动剂控制不佳的≥6岁儿童中重度过敏性哮喘。对于哮喘合并过敏性鼻炎、慢性荨麻疹、特应性皮炎、食物过敏等,奥马珠单抗有较好临床疗效,并且在季节性应用及IgE水平过高时,该药物的个体化应用亦受到临床关注。为规范儿童奥马珠...     

奥马珠单抗治疗血清总IgE>1 500 IU/mL的中重度过敏性哮喘儿童的前瞻性研究

目的 评估奥马珠单抗治疗血清总免疫球蛋白E (immunoglobulin E,IgE)>1 500 IU/mL的中重度过敏性哮喘儿童的临床疗效。方法 前瞻性选择2020年12月—2022年5月在安徽省儿童医院呼吸内科诊治的中重度过敏性哮喘儿童95例为研究对象。根据血清总IgE水平及是否使用奥马珠单抗治疗分为对照组(总IgE>1 500 IU/mL,未使用奥马珠单抗治疗)、正常治疗组(总IgE水平在30～1 500 IU/mL之间,使用奥马珠单抗治疗)及超高IgE治疗组(总IgE>1 500 IU/mL,使用奥马珠单抗治疗)。分析3组患儿的临床特征和治疗前后儿童哮喘控制测试(Childhood Asthma Control Test,C-ACT)评分、急性发作患儿比例、IgE水平、肺功能指标、呼出气一氧化氮(fractional exhaled nitric oxide,FeNO)浓度的差异。结果 治疗第8周时,正常治疗组、超高IgE治疗组C-ACT评分、第1秒用力呼气量(forced expiratory volume in first second,FEV     

奥马珠单抗治疗儿童过敏性疾病28例临床分析

目的:探讨奥马珠单抗在患多种过敏性疾病患儿中的治疗效果。方法:回顾性分析2018年9月至2020年12月在北京大学第三医院儿科收治的应用奥马珠单抗治疗的患多种过敏性疾病患儿的临床资料。分析患儿性别、年龄、过敏疾病的种类、治疗前血清总IgE(TIgE)和血清过敏原特异性IgE(sIgE)水平、奥马珠单抗应用剂量、治疗效果...     

奥马珠单抗治疗儿童难治性哮喘的研究进展

儿童难治性哮喘发病率逐年增加,给家庭和社会带来沉重的疾病负担。随着哮喘的免疫学、病理生理学及神经学机制不断被阐明,发现由免疫球蛋白E(immunoglobulin E,IgE)介导的Ⅰ型变态反应在哮喘发展中发挥重要作用。奥马珠单抗是一种靶向IgE的治疗药物,目前已应用于临床。该文在总结难治性哮喘的发病机制基础上,综述了奥马珠单抗的作用机制及临床疗效,以期更好地指导难治性哮喘儿童的个体化治疗,提高整体控制率。     

奥马珠单抗治疗儿童中重度过敏性哮喘伴过敏性合并症的疗效评价

目的探讨奥马珠单抗治疗儿童中重度过敏性哮喘伴过敏性合并症的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2018年7月至2022年3月北京大学第一医院儿科接受奥马珠单抗治疗并完成12个月随访的50例中重度过敏性哮喘伴过敏性合并症患儿的临床资料。比较治疗前后儿童过敏性哮喘及过敏性合并症[过敏性鼻炎(AR)、慢性自发性荨麻疹(CSU)]相关评分量表、肺功能检测指标及呼出气一氧化氮(FeNO)等的变化。采用方差分析、配对t检验、χ2检验、秩和检验进行数据间比较。结果 1.症状控制情况:与治疗前相比, 奥马珠单抗治疗12个月后, ≤11岁的42例患儿的儿童哮喘控制评分从(20.98±5.03)分升至(26.95±0.22)分(F=18.189, P<0.001);50例儿童哮喘控制问卷评分从(0.89±0.11)分降至(0.10±0.02)分(F=5.662, P=0.006);47例哮喘合并AR视觉模拟评分从(11.00±1.65)分降至(0.2±0.14)分(F=14.901, P<0.001);13例哮喘合并CSU控制评分从(4.82±0.88)分降至(1.87±0.61)分(F=4.329, P...     

奥马珠单抗在儿童过敏性疾病中的应用研究进展

过敏性疾病是影响儿童健康及生活质量的常见疾病,很多患儿经过常规治疗症状仍难以控制。奥马珠单抗是一种具有高度特异性及结合性的人源化单克隆抗IgE抗体,现已被批准作为中至重度持续性哮喘及慢性自发性荨麻疹(chronic spontaneous urticaria,CSU)患者的附加治疗方式,同时也有数据证实其在其他过敏性疾病中的疗效及安全性。该文主要综述了奥马珠单抗在儿童过敏性疾病中的应用,并重点讨论了各种疾病临床实践中的疗效评价体系,同时探讨潜在生物标志物对疗效的预测与评价作用。     

奥马珠单抗在儿童变应性哮喘并特应性皮炎中的应用

目的:探讨奥马珠单抗在变应性哮喘(AS)并特应性皮炎(AD)患儿中的应用。方法:回顾性分析2018年11月至2020年8月于南京医科大学附属儿童医院呼吸科诊断中重度AS并AD 5例患儿临床资料,治疗均遵循AS规范化治疗联合奥马珠单抗,观察奥马珠单抗治疗AD的疗效和不良反应。选择特应性皮炎严重程度指数(SCORAD)、湿...     

抗IgE治疗与皮下免疫治疗在儿童过敏性哮喘中的联合应用

目的:分析奥马珠单抗与皮下免疫治疗(SCIT)联合应用对过敏性哮喘患儿临床症状改善及免疫治疗耐受性的影响。方法:回顾性分析2018年7月至2020年8月就诊于天津医科大学第二医院儿科哮喘专病门诊并接受奥马珠单抗联合双螨SCIT的哮喘患儿9例。比较基线期与联合治疗后患儿哮喘症状、肺功能、呼出气一氧化氮(FeNO)、生活质...     

儿童过敏性鼻炎-哮喘综合征诊治进展

过敏性鼻炎和支气管哮喘是儿童常见的呼吸道过敏性疾病,发病率逐年上升.既往认为两者是完全独立的疾病,而近年的研究表明两者从病因学、发病机制、病理学变化以及治疗方面高度相似,故提出“过敏性鼻炎-哮喘综合征”这一新的概念,是指同时发生临床或亚临床的过敏性鼻炎和支气管哮喘症状,二者需整体看待,进行联合诊断和治疗,从而极大程度减少了误诊,并减少药物的重复使用,提高临床疗效.该文就儿童过敏性鼻炎-哮喘综合征诊治进展作一综述.     

High density lipoprotein cholesterol and total cholesterol in children with asthma and allergic rhinitis

Serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol and total cholesterol were studied in 15 children with allergic rhinitis, 45 asymptomatic asthmatic children and 16 children with acute asthmatic attacks. The latter were also studied in their asymptomatic phase. Two control groups of children with minor anatomical defects and those with acute pneumonia with respiratory distress were also studied. The serum concentrations of high density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly higher (p less than 0.001) and those of total cholesterol lower (p less than 0.001) in children with respiratory allergy when compared to controls. The concentration of high density lipoprotein cholesterol increased and that of total cholesterol decreased during acute asthma.     

新疆地区过敏性鼻炎患儿过敏原检测分析

目的 了解新疆地区过敏性鼻炎患儿过敏原的分布状况,为儿童过敏性鼻炎的防治提供科学依据。方法 采用体外特异性过敏原检测试剂盒（IVT）对104例过敏性鼻炎患儿进行吸入过敏原（IVT701）检测,其中88例患儿同时行食物过敏原（IVT702）检测。结果 104例过敏性鼻炎患儿IVT701测试总阳性率73．1％,以蒿属植物最高38．5％,其后依次为榆杨柳树31．7％,豚草（巨大豚草、普通豚草）20．2％,霉菌（点青霉、交链孢霉、黑根霉）14．4％,螨（粉螨、尘螨）11．5％,屋尘7．7％等。88例患儿IVT702的总阳性率为56．8％。过敏原主要为大豆、花生28．4％,其次为鳕鱼和鸡蛋,分别为15．9％、13．6％,蟹虾为11．4％,牛奶和牛羊猪肉分别为5．7％和4．5％。65例患儿对2种及2种以上过敏原过敏。蒿属的阳性率随年龄的增长而增长（X^2=4．662．P〈0．050）。结论 蒿属为新疆地区过敏性鼻炎患儿最主要的过敏原,食物过敏亦占相当比例。明确过敏原后对特异性免疫治疗具有重要的指导意义。     

自然杀伤细胞在儿童过敏性哮喘和(或)鼻炎中的变化

目的探讨自然杀伤细胞(nature killer cells,NK)在过敏性哮喘和(或)鼻炎患儿中的变化。方法选择2009年8月—2010年12月在儿科门诊和病房诊断明确、3～14岁过敏性哮喘和(或)变应性鼻炎发作且未用药物治疗的患儿45例,正常对照儿童30例,采用乳酸脱氢酶释放法检测外周血NK细胞杀伤活性,流式细胞技术测定外周血NK细胞数量,应用免疫磁珠分选技术纯化NK细胞,分别采用标准刺激剂(离子霉素+佛波酯)和尘螨试剂刺激NK细胞,流式细胞技术检测NK细胞内γ-干扰素(IFN-γ)和白介素(IL-4)的表达情况。结果过敏性哮喘和(或)鼻炎患儿与对照组比较,NK细胞数量减少,差异有统计学意义(P=0.015);NK细胞活性下降,差异有统计学意义(P=0.023)。在尘螨刺激下,NK细胞内IFN-γ和IL-4表达均升高,但IL-4升高幅度较IFN-γ强,导致IFN-γ/IL-4比值显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在过敏性哮喘和(或)鼻炎发作患儿中,NK细胞数量与活性均下降;在尘螨刺激下,NK细胞内IFN-γ/IL-4比值升高,导致NK细胞向NKⅡ型细胞方向失衡。推测NK细胞的数量、功能变化及...     

儿童变应性鼻炎合并支气管哮喘协同治疗及管理研究进展

儿童变应性鼻炎和支气管哮喘常在同一个体共存,两者交互影响疾病进程及疾病严重程度。国内外研究显示给予变应性鼻炎合并哮喘患儿糖皮质激素、口服白三烯受体拮抗剂和皮下/舌下过敏原特异性免疫治疗,可协同治疗两种疾病。由于变应性鼻炎和哮喘均为慢性呼吸道疾病,需要长期随访并阶梯性调整用药,因而患儿及照护者的自主评估有助于疾病的协同管理,慢性疾病管理工具对疾病的协同管理亦是不可或缺的。重视儿童变应性鼻炎和哮喘协同治疗和管理,对提高治疗依从性,改善生活质量,减轻疾病负担有重要意义。     

Exhaled nitric oxide, total serum IgE and allergic sensitization in childhood asthma and allergic rhinitis

Exhaled nitric oxide (eNO) levels are correlated with several markers of atopy and inflammatory activity in the airways, but the relationship between eNO and total serum IgE has not been fully elucidated in the context of allergic sensitization. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between eNO, total serum IgE and allergic sensitization in childhood asthma and allergic rhinitis. eNO levels, lung function, skin prick tests and total serum IgE were determined in 109 children (mean age, 10.4 yr) with mild intermittent asthma and in 41 children (mean age, 10.1 yr) with allergic rhinitis; 25 healthy non-atopic children were recruited as controls. eNO levels (median) were significantly higher in patients with asthma (22.7 p.p.b.) and in those with allergic rhinitis (15.3 p.p.b.) than in healthy controls (5.9 p.p.b.). Children with allergic asthma had higher eNO levels than children with allergic rhinitis. A significant positive correlation was found between eNO and total serum IgE (asthma, r = 0.42, p < 0.0001; allergic rhinitis, r = 0.31, p < 0.01), and between eNO and the number of positive skin prick tests (asthma, r = 0.31, p < 0.0001; allergic rhinitis, r = 0.39, p < 0.01). eNO levels were better correlated with total IgE than with the number of positive skin prick tests. This correlation was independent of allergic sensitization. High total serum IgE represents a specific and predictive marker of eNO increase in children with asthma or allergic rhinitis. This finding adds further support to the hypothesis that increased serum IgE could be a marker itself of airway inflammation in patients with allergic disease.     

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目的比较3~14岁哮喘和变应性鼻炎患儿吸入性致敏原分布特征的异同。方法2004-10—2005-10,北京儿童医院对527例哮喘和620例变应性鼻炎患儿进行吸入性致敏原皮肤点刺试验(skin prick test,SPT),分析比较检出阳性的致敏原在两组病例中的分布特征。结果哮喘和变应性鼻炎患儿SPT阳性检出率分别为77·8%和78·9%(χ2=0·823,P>0·05)。户尘螨、粉尘螨、交链孢霉、猫上皮、艾蒿是两种疾病主要致敏原。哮喘患儿户尘螨、粉尘螨、混合霉菌的阳性率分别为64·6%、59·8%、8·8%,均高于变应性鼻炎患儿(49·5%、47·9%、3·9%,均P<0·05)。变应性鼻炎患儿杂草花粉和艾蒿的阳性率分别为25·6%、26·0%,均高于哮喘患儿(19·3%、19·3%,均P<0·05)。40·2%的哮喘和46·2%的变应性鼻炎为单致敏原阳性。尘螨霉菌混合致敏及尘螨宠物混合致敏在哮喘和变应性鼻炎中最为常见。结论尘螨、霉菌、夏秋季花粉和宠物是3~14岁哮喘和变应性鼻炎患儿主要吸入性致敏原,两病具有相似的致敏原分布特征,但尘螨及霉菌过敏多见于哮喘,夏秋季花粉过敏多见于变应性鼻炎。     

Seasonal changes of proapoptotic soluble Fas ligand level in allergic rhinitis combined with asthma

The function of apoptosis is to eliminate unnecessary or dangerous cells. The balance between production and death is important in the control of cell numbers within physiological ranges. Cells involved in allergic reactions may have altered apoptosis. The aim of this study was to examine the seasonal changes of programmed cell death in children with pollen allergy. We measured serum levels of soluble Fas (sFas) and soluble Fas ligand (sFasL), and examined whether there was any correlation between soluble apoptosis markers and development of asthma and or rhinitis in children with pollen allergy. We examined two groups of patients with ragweed pollen allergy. The first group consisted of 17 children with 'rhinitis only'. The second group consisted of 16 children with 'asthma + rhinitis'. For seasonal analysis we pooled the two groups and termed this the 'ragweed sensitive' group (n = 33, 5-18 yr, 25 boys, eight girls). Measurements (sFas and sFasL) were taken during the ragweed pollen allergy season, while control measurements were performed during the symptom-free period. There was no difference in sFas levels measured during and after [1941 +/- 68, 1963 +/- 83 pg/ml (mean+/-s.e.m, respectively)] the pollen season in the 'ragweed sensitive' group. The sFasL level showed seasonal change, which was significantly higher (p = 0.0086) in the symptomatic period compared to the symptom-free state (99 +/- 13 and 53 +/- 16 pg/ml, respectively). There was a difference between the 'rhinitis only' and the 'asthma + rhinitis' groups in the measured parameters of apoptosis. Children having allergic rhinitis combined with asthma had a significantly (p = 0.03) higher sFas level in the symptom-free state than the 'rhinitis only' group did (2115 +/- 156 and 1820 +/- 52 pg/ml, respectively). During the allergic symptom state the sFasL level of the 'asthma + rhinitis' group was significantly higher (p = 0.025) than that of the 'rhinitis only' group (125 +/- 20 and 75 +/- 14 pg/ml, respectively). In conclusion, the increased level of sFasL during the pollen season may signal its role in the pathogenesis of allergic airway diseases. There was no seasonal change in sFas levels in the examined ragweed allergic group, however in the symptomatic period we observed a diminished level of antiapoptotic factor (sFas) and an elevated level of proapoptotic factor (sFasL) if there was a combined disease with pollen allergic asthma. We suggest that there is a deviation in the apoptotic reaction in children that may increase the seasonal allergic inflammation.     

Is rhinitis alone or associated with atopic eczema a risk factor for severe asthma in children?

The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of rhinitis (R) and atopic eczema (E) on asthma severity among asthmatic (A) schoolchildren identified by the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood written questionnaire (WQ). WQ was applied to parents of 6–7-yr-old schoolchildren (SC, n = 3033), and to adolescents (AD, 13–14 yr old, n = 3487), living in São Paulo, Brazil. An affirmative response to ‘has your child/have you had wheezing/whistling in the last year’ identified those with A, and an affirmative response to ‘the last 12 months has your child/have you had sneezing/runny/blocked nose when he/she you did not have a cold/flu?’ identified those with R. Subjects with an affirmative response to ‘has your child/have you had this itchy rash at any time in the past 12 months?’ were identified as having E. Subjects who had R associated with A were identified as AR and those with A associated with R and E as ARE. A who had at least two affirmative responses to questions for asthma severity: speech disturbance, more than four acute attacks, sleep disturbance, and wheezing with exercise were defined as having severe asthma. 22.1% AD and 24.3% SC were identified as A; 47.1% of those AD and 42.0% SC had AR and 10.0% of those AD and 12.8% of SC had ARE. Considering ARE, AR and A groups, speech disturbance during an acute episode of asthma was significantly higher among ARE AD (20.0% vs. 11.5% vs. 8.7%, p < 0.05), and ARE SC (22.1% vs. 13.9% vs. 10.5%, p < 0.05) in comparison with A. Likewise, more than four acute attacks in the last year was significantly higher among ARE AD (24.0% vs. 14.0% vs. 10.5%, p < 0.05) and ARE SC (32.6% vs. 19.4% vs. 12.8%, p < 0.05) as the frequency of sleep disturbance due to wheezing, for AD (61.3% vs. 42.0% vs. 38.4%, p < 0.05) and SC (77.9% vs. 67.3% vs. 58.4%, p < 0.001) and for ‘wheezing associated with exercise’ for AD (72.0% vs. 47.5% vs. 39.9%, p < 0.001) and SC (36.8% vs. 31.4% vs. 14.1%, p < 0.001). Prevalence of severe asthma was higher among ARE AD (57.3% vs. 31.9% vs. 27.0%, p < 0.05) and ARE SC (52.6% vs. 36.9% vs. 22.5%). In patients with A, the presence of R or E are risk factors for severe asthma, and both together (R and E) are a higher risk.