改良超声评分量表诊断胎盘植入性疾病的价值

目的 探讨改良超声评分量表对胎盘植入性疾病的诊断价值。资料与方法 回顾性分析2019年1月—2021年10月首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院因前置或低置胎盘怀疑胎盘植入的55例患者的超声和临床资料，根据各病例超声征象联合病史制订改良超声评分量表，评价其对胎盘植入及不同类型胎盘植入的诊断价值，并与种氏超声评分量表对比，分析两者对不同类型胎盘植入的诊断效能。结果 以术中临床诊断为标准，无胎盘植入11例，粘连型24例，植入型14例，穿透型6例，其改良超声评分分别为（3.36±0.67）、（4.50±1.14）、（6.71±1.44）、（10.50±0.55）分，差异有统计学意义（F=66.171,P<0.001）。改良超声评分量表诊断无胎盘植入和粘连型界值为4分（敏感度83.3%、特异度63.6%），粘连型和植入型界值为6分（敏感度85.7%、特异度95.8%），植入型和穿透型界值为9分（敏感度100%、特异度92.9%）；诊断粘连型、植入型、穿透型胎盘植入准确度分别为81.8%、92.7%、98.2%，与手术结果高度一致。与种氏超声评分量表诊断粘连型、植入型的敏感度、特异度和准确度（83...     

磁共振成像在诊断胎盘植入类型的应用价值

目的探讨MRI在诊断胎盘植入类型的应用价值。方法对超声提示前置胎盘且有胎盘植入高危因素的69例孕妇行MRI检查,分析MRI征象并与病理结果对照,计算MRI诊断胎盘植入的敏感度、特异度。结果 69例手术中证实有29例有胎盘植入,其中粘连型8例、植入型18例、穿透型3例。MRI对胎盘植入类型诊断的特异度92. 5%,灵敏度70. 0%,阳性预测值87. 0%,阴性预测值80. 4%。结论 MRI对粘连型胎盘植入的诊断率较低,对胎盘穿透的诊断率较高。     

MRI征象评分对胎盘种植异常的诊断价值

【摘要】目的：探讨MRI征象评分对胎盘种植异常的诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析2017年6月－2019年3月在我院收治的疑似为胎盘种植异常的189例孕妇的临床和MRI资料,根据手术病理结果,将患者分为对照组及胎盘种植异常组,后者又分为粘连型和植入/穿透型两组,比较3组间MRI征象的差异,将组间差异有统计学意义的征象纳入评分表,建立改良MRI征象评分表,计算基于该评分表的诊断符合率,并绘制ROC曲线,确定基于改良MRI征象评分表诊断各型胎盘种植异常的截断值。结果：采用改良MRI征象评分表对胎盘种植异常的总体诊断符合率为89.9%、敏感度93.5%、特异度87.5%,阳性预测值为83.7%,阴性预测值为95.1%。根据ROC曲线,鉴别对照组及粘连型胎盘种植异常组的截断值为4分,而鉴别粘连型与植入/穿透型的截断值为8分。结论：改良MRI征象评分表对胎盘种植异常具有较高的诊断效能。     

超声联合MRI检查前置胎盘、产前胎盘植入的临床价值

目的探讨超声与MRI平衡式快速梯度回波(B-FFE)和单次激发快速自旋回波(SS-TSE)序列在诊断前置胎盘、产前胎盘植入的价值。方法收集90例因超声诊断前置胎盘或疑诊胎盘植入而行MRI检查的孕妇的临床资料,行B-FFE、SS-TSE序列检查,并分析其诊断结果。结果经病理检查,诊断胎盘植入62例,其中穿透性与植入性胎盘39例,粘连性胎盘植入23例;单纯胎盘植入5例,前置胎盘伴胎盘植入57例;子宫前壁植入11例,子宫后壁植入51例。以病理结果为金标准,超声单独检查对前置胎盘诊断敏感度为72. 73%,特异度为83. 33%,准确性为75. 56%;超声联合MRI检查对前置胎盘诊断敏感度为93. 94%,特异度为75. 00%,准确性为88. 89%。超声单独检查对胎盘植入诊断敏感度为70. 97%,特异度为82. 14%,准确性为74. 44%;超声联合MRI检查对胎盘植入诊断敏感度为91. 94%,特异度为71. 43%,准确性为85. 56%。结论超声联合MRI B-FFE和SS-TSE序列在诊断前置胎盘、产前胎盘植入中的准确性较高。     

单次激发快速FSE序列在前置胎盘、胎盘植入诊断中的应用

目的探讨单次激发快速自旋回波序列在前置胎盘或伴胎盘植入临床诊断中的价值。方法回顾性分析50例前置胎盘及胎盘植入患者,其中26例前置胎盘伴有胎盘粘连或植入,产后胎盘残留植入2例。患者均行MR ss FSE序列作冠状位、矢状位及横断位扫描,影像结果与手术及病理结果进行综合比较。结果 50例前置胎盘及胎盘植入中:中央性前置胎盘21例;部分性前置胎盘14例;边缘性前置胎盘13例,伴有胎盘植入28例(粘连11例、植入或穿透15例,产后胎盘残留植入或穿透2例),子宫胎盘面中断在胎盘植入组与非胎盘植入组间有显著差异(P﹤0.05),有13例粗大血管贯穿胎盘发生在胎盘植入组,胎盘粘连组、非胎盘植入组均未见,此征象在胎盘植入组与胎盘粘连组、非胎盘植入组间有显著差异(P﹤0.05)。MR诊断前置胎盘的敏感度、特异度分别为:100%,90%,诊断胎盘植入的敏感度、特异度分别为:93%,82%。结论 MR ss FSE序列在前置胎盘伴胎盘植入的诊断中发挥着重要作用,术前可以指导临床治疗方案。     

MRI在凶险性前置胎盘并胎盘植入中的产前诊断价值

目的探讨磁共振在凶险性前置胎盘并胎盘植入中的产前诊断价值。方法回顾性分析在我院产前就诊的48例疑似妊娠期胎盘植入的患者,经临床手术和病理诊断确诊46例,分别计算MRI、US诊断凶险性前置胎盘并胎盘植入的灵敏度、特异度等统计学指标。计算MRI、US对凶险性前置胎盘并胎盘植入不同类型的检出率和MRI各影像征象的检出率。结果 MRI诊断凶险性前置胎盘并胎盘植入的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为98%、50%、98%、50%。US诊断凶险性前置胎盘并胎盘植入的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为74%、50%、97%、8%。对诊断穿透型胎盘植入MRI和US都有较高的检出率,但是在诊断粘连型胎盘植入的检出率方面US较MRI低。结论 MRI对诊断凶险性前置胎盘并胎盘植入的准确性较高,对胎盘植入的分级诊断价值也要高于US。产前MRI检查对于临床术前评估尤为重要,可以作为一种有效及无创的检查手段。     

胎盘植入程度的超声临床评价分析

目的探讨超声评分用于胎盘植入程度评估的应用价值。方法收集2014年2月~2016年12月我院产科分娩的、产后经临床和/或病理证实为胎盘植入患者82例的临床资料。根据胎盘植入类型分为粘连型组26例和非粘连型组56例。采用本文建立的超声评分系统进行分析。结果非粘连型组超声评分显著高于粘连型组(P0.05)。按超声评分系统计算粘连型组和非粘连型组中各孕妇总得分并绘制ROC曲线。曲线下面积为0.934,当评分≥5.2时,敏感度为0.856,特异度为0.938。粘连型胎盘植入和非粘连型胎盘植入的超声评分临界值为5分。结论产前应用本文所建立的超声评分系统用于胎盘植入程度的评估,具有很好的特异性和敏感度,其应用前景良好。     

超声在妊娠早期筛查剖宫产后胎盘植入中的应用

目的评价产前超声在妊娠早期诊断胎盘植入高危孕妇(具有剖宫产史合并胎盘低置)是否存在胎盘植入的可行性。资料与方法筛选有剖宫产史、胎儿头臀径45~84 mm且合并胎盘低置的904例孕妇。所有患者的胎盘均经手术证实或随访其胎盘情况;分析确诊为胎盘植入患者早孕期胎盘的超声声像图特点,计算早孕期筛查胎盘植入的敏感度和特异度。结果产后证实胎盘植入42例(4.65%)。早孕期超声诊断胎盘植入40例,未诊断胎盘植入864例,其中超声误诊6例、漏诊8例胎盘植入。超声检查诊断胎盘植入的敏感度和特异度分别为80.95%和99.30%;胎盘植入超声征象发生率由高到低依次为胎盘内漩涡形成(64.70%)、胎盘后方彩色多普勒血流增多(55.88%)、胎盘后间隙消失(44.12%)及子宫下段前壁肌层菲薄与胎盘分界不清(35.29%)。早孕期超声诊断为胎盘植入,且产后证实为胎盘植入的34例患者中,均出现1种和(或)以上胎盘植入的超声征象;早孕期超声未发现胎盘植入的856例患者中,仅8例出现1种上述征象。与前置胎盘并植入患者比较,前置胎盘无植入以及无前置胎盘无植入患者在胎盘漩涡、胎盘后间隙消失、子宫下段前壁肌层薄而不清、胎盘后方彩色血流增多等超声征象的出现率均显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论产前超声可在妊娠早期有效诊断胎盘植入高危孕妇是否存在胎盘植入,为临床早期干预提供依据。     

产后胎盘残留MRI诊断的价值

目的 探讨MRI在产后胎盘残留诊断中的应用价值。方法 选取21例经病理证实的产后胎盘残留患者,比较其增强MRI及超声检查结果,分析MRI在产后胎盘残留诊断中的应用价值。结果 21例胎盘残留患者,3例为单纯胎盘残留,4例为胎盘粘连,11例为胎盘非穿透性植入,3例为胎盘穿透性植入。MRI及超声检查对胎盘残留诊断准确度均为100%(21/21)。MRI对单纯胎盘残留、胎盘粘连、非穿透性植入及穿透性植入的诊断敏感度为100.0%、75.0%、90.9%、66.7%,特异度为94.4%、94.1%、90.0%,100.0%,阳性预测值为75.0%、75.0%、90.9%,100.0%,阴性预测值为100.0%、94.1%、90.0%,94.7%。超声检查对上述类型的诊断敏感度为66.7%、50.0%、72.7%、66.7%,特异度为83.3%、88.2%、90.0%,94.4%,阳性预测值为40.0%、50.0%、88.9%,66.7%,阴性预测值为93.7%、88.2%、75.0%,94.4%。结论 MRI能准确评价胎盘产后残留的类型、植入深度等,在产后胎盘残留诊断中具有明显优势,为临床进一步治疗提供有效信息。     

MRI多征象联合在胎盘植入中的诊断价值

【摘要】目的：分析MRI多个征象及其联合应用在胎盘植入诊断中的应用价值。方法：对20例胎盘前置且临床高度怀疑胎盘植入的患者进行MRI检查,分别对拟诊胎盘植入的胎盘异质性、子宫肌层不连续、胎盘局部膨突、肌层变薄及结构模糊、宫外胎盘延伸等征象进行独立分析,以分娩术后是否有胎盘植入为标准,统计MRI各征象及联合应用多征象在诊断胎盘植入的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值及阴性预测值。结果：肌层变薄及结构模糊的敏感度最高,为92.9%;子宫肌层不连续和宫外胎盘延伸诊断胎盘植入的特异度为100%,胎盘异质性和胎盘局部膨突的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值及阴性预测值分别为85.7%、66.7%、85.7%、66.7%和71.4%、83.3%、90.9%、55.6%,两者联合应用后敏感度和阴性预测值为100%,特异度为83.3%,阳性预测值为93.3%。结论：MRI对胎盘植入具有很高的诊断效能,应当作为临床怀疑胎盘植入患者的常规检查方法,胎盘异质性和胎盘局部膨突两征象联合对胎盘植入的诊断具有很高的敏感度和特异度。     

Clinical and ultrasound assessment in patients with placenta previa to predict the severity of intrapartum hemorrhage

Objectives

Evaluate whether maternal history and ultrasound can predict massive hemorrhage during cesarean section in placenta praevia.

Study design

Sixty singleton pregnant women with persistent placenta praevia (after 28 weeks’ gestation) were prospectively enrolled in this study.Comprehensive maternal history and findings obtained by antenatal ultrasound, including placental location, presence of lacunae, lack of a clear zone, abnormal color Doppler indices were reviewed, and their effect on the severity of maternal hemorrhage during cesarean section was analyzed.

Results

Twenty two cases had massive intra operative hemorrhage, among them 20 patients were confirmed to have placenta accreta and its variants (including increta and percreta) at the time of cesarean delivery.For diagnosis of severe bleeding (>1500 ml), the sensitivity of previous uterine surgery, abnormal color Doppler and lack of clear zone was high (95.5%, 81.8%, 81.8% respectively) while sensitivity of presence of lacunae was low (36.4%). And the specificity of abnormal color Doppler, lack of clear zone and presence of lacunae was high (94.7%, 94.7%, 97.4% respectively) while of previous uterine surgery was low (36.8%).

Conclusion

Prenatal maternal history and ultrasound examination can predict the amount of intraoperative hemorrhage and reduced the morbidity and mortality in patients with placenta previa.     

Postpartum MR diagnosis of retained placenta accreta

Retained placenta accreta can cause catastrophic postpartum hemorrhage. This study aims to determine whether MR imaging can differentiate retained placenta accreta from postpartum hemorrhage caused by other conditions. Fourteen cases suspicious for retained placenta were examined with MR imaging. Signal intensity, the enhancing pattern of uterine contents, and flow voids within the myometrium were retrospectively studied. As hysterectomy was performed in only two cases, final diagnosis was based on clinical outcome and analysis of uterine contents. Final diagnoses were retained placenta accreta in seven cases, retained normally attached placenta in four, hematoma in two, and placental site trophoblastic tumor (PSTT) in one. All seven cases with placenta accreta had a very hyperintense area on T2-weighted images, showing transient early enhancement. None demonstrated delayed strong enhancement around the hyperintense area. In two cases with retained normally attached placenta and in both with hematomas, there were no hyperintense areas on T2-weighted images. Of these, only one showed transient early enhancement. Flow voids were observed in four cases with placenta accreta, one with normally attached placenta, and the case with PSTT. A markedly hyperintense area on T2-weighted images and transient early enhancement without delayed strong enhancement between the mass and the myometrium can indicate retained placenta accreta.This study was presented at ECR 2003 as a scientific poster and awarded a certificate of merit.     

Placenta previa; MRI as an adjunct to ultrasound in assessment of suspected placental invasion

Objective

Evaluate adding MRI to ultrasound in imaging of placenta previa with suspected placenta accreta.

Role of transperineal sonography in diagnosis of placenta previa/accreta: A prospective study

Purpose

To evaluate the role of transperineal ultrasound (TPS) in the detection of morphological and vascular manifestations of placenta previa (PP)/accreta and to compare it with transabdominal sonography (TAS) and transvaginal sonography (TVS), with the clinical outcomes as the reference standards.

Materials and methods

TPS, TVS, and TAS were carried on 134 patients after 28 weeks’ gestation presented with antepartum hemorrhage. The final diagnosis was obtained from the obstetrician at time of delivery and from histopathological reports.

Results

One hundred and three patients had PP, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy in diagnosing PP were 97.1%, 75% and 94% for TPS, 94.2%, 75% and 91.5% for TAS, and 98.1%, 93.8% and 97.4% for TVS respectively. PP accreta was present in 39 patients. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy in diagnosing PP accreta were 89.7%, 100% and 96% for TPS, 87%, 95% and 92.2% for TAS, and 94.9%, 100% and 98% for TVS respectively.

Conclusion

TPS is a valuable approach for evaluating patients with high risk of PP & PP accreta, it is a safe, rapid, & accurate technique with little patient discomfort.     

超声评分和MRI诊断植入性凶险型前置胎盘的价值分析

目的应用超声评分法和MRI对植入性凶险型前置胎盘(pernicious placenta previa,PPP)进行探讨,分析其影像学表现及超声评分法和MRI对诊断植入性凶险型前置胎盘的临床价值。方法选取96例疑诊为PPP并合并胎盘植入住院患者的临床资料,术前均根据超声评分法及MRI检查对PPP作出诊断,将二者诊断结果与术中所见及术后病理检测结果相对比,同时根据超声评分分组,对各组术中出血量进行对比分析。结果经手术及病理确诊,96例患者中,72例诊断为PPP合并胎盘植入,未合并植入者24例,超声评分法对PPP并植入诊断灵敏度为80.6%,特异度为83.3%,正确率为81.3%,MRI检查PPP并植入诊断灵敏度为86.1%,特异度为75.0%,正确率为83.3%,两种方法的灵敏度、特异度、正确率差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05),胎盘植入评分不同组别间术中出血量的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对于孕晚期高度怀疑为植入性PPP的患者,超声评分法及MRI均有重要的诊断价值,两者可互为补充,且超声评分高低对预估术中出血量有重要意义。     

超声测定子宫弓状动脉收缩期峰值流速 阻力指数 搏动指数对前置胎盘伴植入的诊断价值

目的探究超声测定子宫弓状动脉收缩期峰值流速(PSV)、阻力指数(RI)、搏动指数(PI)对前置胎盘伴植入的诊断价值。方法将2016年7月至2019年5月我院收治的晚孕期前置胎盘孕妇58例纳为研究对象,以分娩时胎盘诊断结果分组,38例前置胎盘伴植入产妇纳入前置胎盘伴植入组,20例前置胎盘孕妇纳入前置胎盘组。2组产妇均进行腹部超声测定子宫弓状动脉PSV、RI、PI指标,对比2组检测结果,并对结果进行ROC曲线分析其诊断价值。结果前置胎盘伴植入组孕妇PSV、RI、PI指标均高于前置胎盘组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);PSV诊断前置胎盘伴植入的曲线下面积为0.864,最佳截断值为36.36 cm/s时,可以获得最佳诊断效能,对应的特异度、灵敏度分别为0.974、0.600,约登指数为0.574,诊断价值相对理想。RI、PI指标AUC、敏感度、特异度相对较小,诊断价值相比较低。结论超声测定子宫弓状动脉PSV对前置胎盘伴植入的诊断价值较大,可以作为临床诊断前置胎盘伴植入的参考依据。     

Diagnostic accuracy of MRI criteria in predilection of morbidly adherent placenta

Purpose

To evaluate the diagnostic power of MRI criteria in, the detection of the placental topography and depth of invasion in, morbidly adherent placenta.

Lifesaving diagnosis of placenta accreta spectrum using MRI: Report of five cases

Placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) is defined as abnormal placental adherence or invasion of the myometrium or extrauterine organs. This case series will analyze MRI findings and PAS grading, in addition to emergency situations like massive hematuria and placental invasion with rupture. We report 5 cases of pregnant women with placenta previa with suspected PAS. MRI revealed 1 case of placenta accreta, one case of placenta increta, and 3 cases of placenta percreta. Two cases were emergency situations. All cases were managed with cesarean section. PAS is frequently related to severe obstetric hemorrhage associated with high maternal morbidity and mortality, making diagnosis and management challenging. Ultrasound is the initial diagnostic modality for PAS. Although ultrasound is preferred for PAS diagnosis, MRI provides an effective modality for the analysis of the depth of placental invasion and can be helpful in emergency situations.