国外低位直肠癌侧方转移淋巴结的清扫

目前国外对腹膜反折下低位进展期直肠癌的外科治疗研究集中在手术方式的合理选择、切除肿瘤远端肠管范围和保留肛门括约肌手术。有关清扫区域淋巴结转移范围 ,特别是侧方（平行）淋巴结转移的清扫不断增加。为了深入了解对局部复发率高的低位直肠癌术后复发的控制程度及提高５年生存率 ,本文对国外的有关进展作一概述。１直肠癌侧方淋巴结的转移率腹膜反折下（Ｒｂ）直肠的淋巴引流 ,虽主要向上方但也向下方和两侧髂内血管淋巴结输出 ,因而直肠癌发生部位的划分 ,应以腹膜反折为界（距肛缘约７ｃｍ左右）较为合理、实用。从局部解剖学角度而…     

低位直肠癌侧方淋巴结转移的影响因素

目的 分析低位直肠癌侧方淋巴结转移相关临床病理因素.方法 采用单因素和logistic多因素回归分析方法,分析低位直肠癌侧方淋巴结转移与其临床病理因素的关系.结果 患者性别、年龄、肿瘤位置、肿瘤占肠腔周径、Ki-67表达与侧方淋巴结转移无明显相关性,而肿瘤浸润深度、肿瘤直径、血清CEA含量、E-cad表达与侧方淋巴结转移相关.其影响作用大小的顺序为:浸润深度>血清CEA浓度>肿瘤最大直径>E-cad表达.结论 直肠癌侧方淋巴结转移率较低,不推荐常规行侧方淋巴结清扫;肿瘤浸润深度、肿瘤直径、血清CEA含量、E-cad表达是影响低位直肠癌侧方淋巴结转移的因素,对临床上手术方式的制定有一定参考价值.     

全直肠系膜切除术联合侧方淋巴结清扫术治疗中低位直肠癌侧方淋巴结转移的疗效

目的:探讨侧方淋巴结清扫术(lateral lymph node dissection, LLND)对侧方淋巴结(lateral lymph node, LLN)转移直肠癌患者的治疗价值和LLN转移位置对生存预后的影响。方法:自2015年01月至2020年01月,回顾性收集分析在中国医学科学院肿瘤医院行全直肠系膜切除术(total mesorectal excision, TME)+LLND的临床怀疑LLN转移的中低位直肠癌患者与同时期行TME根治性切除的直肠癌患者的资料。根据手术方式,分为TME+LLND组(n=129)与TME组(n=362)。倾向得分匹配后,两组各有125例患者成功匹配。本研究的长期随访终点是3年局部复发率(local recurrence, LR)和3年无复发生存率(recurrence-free survival, RFS)。结果:TME+LLND组手术时间明显长于TME组(356.1 vs 244.8 min,P<0.001),而术后并发症并无明显增加(16.0 vs 12.0,P=0.362)。预后方面,TME+LLND与TME两组间3年LR率无明显...     

直肠癌侧方淋巴结转移及其清除的意义

目的：总结直肠癌病人侧方淋巴结转移率，方法：分析我院５４３例进展期直肠癌施行扩大根治术的结果。结果：直肠癌侧方转移率为９．６％，主要发生于腹膜返折以下的癌，多见于分比较差的低分化腺癌及粘液腺癌，结论：对于腹膜返折以下的进展期直肠癌必须进行侧方消除，尤其分化差者，可以提高生存率。     

直肠癌侧方淋巴结转移及其清除的意义

目的：总结直肠癌病人侧方淋巴结转移率。方法：分析我院543例进展期直肠癌施行扩大根治术的结果。结果；直肠癌侧方转移率为9．6％，主要发生于腹膜退折以下的癌，多见于分化较差的低分化腺癌及粘液腺癌。结论：对于腹膜返折以下的进展期直肠癌必须进行侧方清除，尤其分化差者．可以提高生存率。     

侧方淋巴结清扫在低位直肠癌治疗中的临床意义

外科手术仍是治疗直肠癌最主要的手段.直肠癌根治术的失败原因多为血道播散、淋巴转移和局部复发,这些因素都是危及直肠癌患者术后生活质量的问题.我院自1997年起开始对低位直肠癌淋巴结转移规律进行研究,现就侧方淋巴结清扫(侧方清扫)在低位直肠癌治疗的临床意义加以总结.     

102例直肠癌侧方淋巴结转移患者临床病理特点及生存预后分析

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect and prognostic significance of lateral lymph node dissection (LPLND) in patients with lateral lymph node (LPLN) metastasis. Methods The clinicopathological data of rectal cancer patients who underwent total mesorectal excision (TME) combined with LPLND and pathologically confirmed as LPLN metastasis after operation were retrospectively analyzed. The clinicopathological characteristics and metastasis rules of patients with LPLN metastasis were discussed, and the survival prognosis after LPLND was analyzed. Results A total of 102 rectal cancer patients with pathologically confirmed LPLN metastasis were included. The common sites of LPLN metastasis were internal iliac vessels lymph nodes (n=68, 66.7%), followed by obturator lymph nodes (n=44, 43.1%), and common iliac vessels or external iliac vessels lymph nodes (n=12, 11.8%). There were 10 patients (9.8%) with bilateral LPLN metastases, and the mean number of LPLN metastases was 2.2±2.4, among which 16 patients (15.7%) had LPLN metastases number≥2. The 3-year OS (66.8% vs. 7.7%, P<0.001) and DFS (39.1% vs. 10.5%, P=0.012) of patients with LPLN metastases to the external iliac or common iliac lymph node were significantly lower than those with metastases to the internal iliac or obturator lymph node. The multivariate analysis showed that LPLN metastasis to external iliac or common iliac lymph node was an independent risk factor both for OS (HR=3.53; 95%CI: 1.50-8.31; P=0.004) and DFS (HR=2.40; 95%CI: 1.05-5.47; P=0.037). Conclusion LPLN mainly metastasizes to the internal iliac or obturator lymph node areas. The survival of patients with metastasis to the external iliac or common iliac lymph node cannot be improved by LPLND, and thus systemic comprehensive treatment is often the optimal treatment option. © 2023, CHINA RESEARCH ON PREVENTION AND TREATMENT. All rights reserved.     

低位直肠癌淋巴结转移的分析

目的:探讨腹膜返折以下直肠癌淋巴结转移的规律及其临床价值.方法:对行侧方淋巴结清扫的182例低位直肠癌病人进行回顾性分析.结果:腹膜返折以下直肠癌存在侧方淋巴结转移,转移率为16%,低分化腺癌及粘液腺癌侧方淋巴结转移率高.结论:侧方淋巴结转移是腹膜返折以下直肠癌淋巴转移的重要途径,低位进展期直肠癌应在上方淋巴结清扫的同时行侧方淋巴结清扫.     

低位直肠癌淋巴结转移的分析

目的:探讨腹膜返折以下直肠癌淋巴结转移的规律及其临床价值。方法:对行侧方淋巴结清扫的 182例低位直肠癌病人进行回顾性分析。结果:腹膜返折以下直肠癌存在侧方淋巴结转移,转移率为16％,低分化腺癌及粘液腺癌侧方淋巴结转移率高。结论:侧方淋巴结转移是腹膜返折以下直肠癌淋巴转移的重要途径,低位进展期直肠癌应在上方淋巴结清扫的同时行侧方淋巴结清扫。     

直肠癌侧方淋巴结清扫的研究进展与相关争议

盆腔侧方淋巴结（lateral pelvic lymph node,LPLN）是中低位直肠癌常见的淋巴回流通路,有14%～30%的局部中晚期直肠癌患者同时合并LPLN转移。然而,术前诊断的遗漏和不规范的治疗是导致术后LPLN复发的常见原因,同时也是诊疗中的难点之一。目前,侧方淋巴结清扫术（lateral pelvic lymph node dissection,LPLND）的价值与意义,在国际上尚存争议。近些年来,新辅助放化疗（neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy,nCRT）与LPLND相互替代的治疗模式趋于融合,逐渐形成了一套精确化、个体化的治疗策略。同时,随着外科器械设备的更新与淋巴结示踪剂技术的不断发展,使得以往制约LPLND的因素逐渐消失,可逐渐在临床推广开展。但针对直肠癌LPLN转移的治疗策略、nCRT后LPLND的适应证、预后价值、有效清扫范围、安全性仍存在诸多问题,需深入研究。      

Predictive factors of pathological lateral pelvic lymph node metastasis in patients without clinical lateral pelvic lymph node metastasis (clinical stage II/III): The analysis of data from the clinical trial (JCOG0212)

BackgroundMesorectal excision (ME) is the standard surgical procedure for lower rectal cancer. However, in Japan, total or tumor-specific ME with lateral pelvic lymph node dissection (LLND) is the standard surgical procedure for patients with clinical stages II or III lower rectal cancer, because lateral pelvic lymph node metastasis occasionally occurs in these patients. The aim of study was to elucidate the predictive factors of pathological lateral pelvic lymph node metastasis in patients without clinical lateral pelvic lymph node metastasis.MethodsData form the clinical trial (JCOG0212) was analyzed. The JCOG0212 was a randomized controlled trial to confirm the non-inferiority of mesorectal excision alone to mesorectal excision with lateral lymph node dissection for clinical stage II/III patients who don't have clinical lateral pelvic lymph node metastasis in terms of relapse free survival. This study was conducted at a multitude of institution33 major hospitals in Japan. Among the 351 patients who underwent lateral lymph node dissection in the JCOG0212 study, 328 patients were included in this study. Associations between pathological lateral pelvic lymph node metastasis and preoperative and postoperative factors were investigated. The preoperative factors were age, sex, clinical stage, tumor location, distance from anal verge, tumor size, and short-axis diameter of lateral pelvic lymph node on computed tomography and the postoperative factors were pathological T, pathological N, and histological grade.ResultsAmong the 328 patients, 24 (7.3%) had pathological lateral pelvic lymph node metastasis. In multivariable analysis of the preoperative factors, patient age (p = 0.067), tumor location (p = 0.025), and short-axis diameter of lateral pelvic lymph node (p = 0.002) were significantly associated with pathological lateral pelvic lymph node metastasis.ConclusionsPatient age, tumor location, and short-axis diameter of lateral pelvic lymph node were predictive factors of pathological lateral pelvic lymph node metastasis.     

早期宫颈癌盆腔淋巴结转移诊治的研究进展

宫颈癌的主要转移途径是直接蔓延和淋巴结转移,淋巴结是否转移对宫颈癌治疗方案选择有直接的影响。本文主要对盆腔淋巴结转移特点、影响盆腔淋巴结转移的相关因素、术前评估盆腔淋巴结转移的方法及早期宫颈癌的治疗方法进行综述,为早期宫颈癌患者治疗方案的选择提供依据。     

Lateral pelvic lymph nodes for rectal cancer: A review of diagnosis and management

The current status and future prospects for diagnosis and treatment of lateral pelvic lymph node (LPLN) metastasis of rectal cancer are described in this review. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is recommended for the diagnosis of LPLN metastasis. A LPLN-positive status on MRI is a strong risk factor for metastasis, and evaluation by MRI is important for deciding treatment strategy. LPLN dissection (LPLD) has an advantage of reducing recurrence in the lateral pelvis but also has a disadvantage of complications; therefore, LPLD may not be appropriate for cases that are less likely to have LPLN metastasis. Radiation therapy (RT) and chemoradiation therapy (CRT) have limited effects in cases with suspected LPLN metastasis, but a combination of preoperative CRT and LPLD may improve the treatment outcome. Thus, RT and CRT plus selective LPLD may be a rational strategy to omit unnecessary LPLD and produce a favorable treatment outcome.     

胃癌术后腹腔淋巴结转移放疗的疗效分析

目的初步探讨胃癌术后腹腔淋巴结转移和复发患者接受外放疗是否有效。方法回顾性分析63例接受胃癌根治术后出现腹腔淋巴结转移的患者,其中27例仅接受全身化疗(未放疗组),36例结合外放疗(放疗组)。放疗采用直线加速器15 MV X线对肿大淋巴结区局部常规分割照射,总剂量40～60 Gy。两组患者临床资料具有可比性。采用Kaplan-Meier法计算生存率,Cox回归分析各因素对预后的影响。结果放疗组肿大淋巴结完全缓解率为31%,部分缓解为58%,总有效率达89%。放疗组有淋巴结压迫出现症状的18例患者放疗后症状完全缓解,有效率100%。放疗组和未放疗组患者中位生存期分别为339 d和136 d,1、2年生存率分别为40%和17%、20%和6%。两组间差别有统计学意义(P=0.004)。Cox多因素分析显示放疗组患者的相对危险度(RR)降至0.299 (P=0.002)。两组死亡原因主要为远处转移,而淋巴结未控所致死亡发生率放疗组与未放疗组分别占21%和42%(P<0.05)。放疗组出现RTOG消化道0、1、2、3级毒副反应者分别为7、17、11、1例,未出现造血系统和肝脏的明显毒性反应。结论胃癌淋巴结转移对放疗较敏感,用常规分割50 Gy的剂量就可达到姑息治疗效果,并延长生存期。     

食管癌锁骨上淋巴结转移放射治疗的疗效和预后因素分析

目的:探讨食管癌锁骨上淋巴结转移放疗后的疗效和预后因素。方法:接受放射治疗的食管癌锁骨上淋巴结转移患者共64例,中位随访34个月(3~80个月)。其中食管癌治疗后锁骨上淋巴结转移33例,治疗时发现31例。所有锁骨上转移淋巴结患者均行常规分割放射治疗,总剂量为36~70Gy/5~7周,1·8~2·0Gy/d;其中单纯放疗组43例,放疗联合化疗组16例,放疗联合热疗5例。结果:在锁骨上淋巴结放射治疗结束时23例(35·9%)达CR;30例(46·9%)达PR。全组患者中位生存期13·5个月,最长随访时间80个月。1、3和5年生存率分别为56·3%、9·4%和3·1%。随访结束时37例(57·8%)患者死亡,无病生存患者15例(23·4%),7例患者带瘤生存(10·9%),5例失访。多因素分析显示,锁骨上转移淋巴结的直径(P=0·001)、单侧还是双侧(P=0·015)和转移的数目(P=0·042)对其放射治疗后能否达到CR差异有统计学意义;但对于生存率只有淋巴结的直径差异有统计学意义,P=0·010。结论:在食管癌治疗后发现锁骨上淋巴结转移的患者给予进一步的治疗仍能获得一定的治疗效果,采用综合治疗并未提高患者的长期生存率。     

食管癌锁骨上淋巴结转移放射治疗的疗效和预后因素分析

目的：探讨食管癌锁骨上淋巴结转移放疗后的疗效和预后因素。方法：接受放射治疗的食管癌锁骨上淋巴结转移患者共64例，中位随访34个月（3～80个月）。其中食管癌治疗后锁骨上淋巴结转移33例，治疗时发现31例。所有锁骨上转移淋巴结患者均行常规分割放射治疗，总剂量为36～70Gy／5～7周，1.8～2．0Gy／d；其中单纯放疗组43例，放疗联合化疗组16例，放疗联合热疗5例。结果：在锁骨上淋巴结放射治疗结束时23例（35．9％）达CR；30例（46．9％）达PR。全组患者中位生存期13．5个月，最长随访时间80个月。1、3和5年生存率分别为56．3％、9．4％和3．1％。随访结束时37例（57．8％）患者死亡，无病生存患者15例（23．4％），7例患者带瘤生存（10．9％），5例失访。多因素分析显示，锁骨上转移淋巴结的直径（P=0．001）、单侧还是双侧（P=0．015）和转移的数目（P=0．042）对其放射治疗后能否达到CR差异有统计学意义；但对于生存率只有淋巴结的直径差异有统计学意义，P=0．010。结论：在食管癌治疗后发现锁骨上淋巴结转移的患者给予进一步的治疗仍能获得一定的治疗效果，采用综合治疗并未提高患者的长期生存率。     

Oncologic impact of lateral lymph node metastasis at the distal lateral compartment in locally advanced low rectal cancer after neoadjuvant (chemo)radiotherapy

IntroductionThe frequency and oncologic outcomes of lateral lymph node (LLN) metastasis at the most distal lateral compartment (DLC) among clinical stage II-III low rectal cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant (chemo)radiotherapy (nCRT) are poorly understood. The aim was to investigate the oncologic impact of LLN metastasis in the DLC versus the proximal lateral compartment (PLC).Materials and methodsConsecutive patients with low rectal cancer treated with nCRT followed by total mesorectal excision and selective LLN dissection including the DLC were analyzed retrospectively. DLC was defined as the area distal to the infra–piriformis foramen on axial MRI images. Size and location of LLN metastasis on MRI, and survival were retrospectively assessed.ResultsOf the 718 patients, 72 (10.0%) had pathological LLN metastasis. Thirty-two (44.4%) had metastasis in the DLC (DLC group), while 40 (55.6%) had metastasis in the PLC without metastasis in the DLC (PLC group). The proportion of ypN2 category tended to be lower in the DLC group (15.6% vs 35.0%, P = 0.105). The median number of metastatic LLN was similar (1 vs. 1, P = 0.691). The median short-axis size of metastatic LLN was smaller in the DLC group than in the PLC group on pre-treatment (P < 0.001) and re-staging (P = 0.004) MRI. By multivariable analysis, LLN metastasis in the DLC was predictive of better disease-free survival (HR, 0.412; 95% CI, 0.159–0.958, P = 0.039).ConclusionLLN metastasis in the DLC is frequent and has favorable oncologic outcomes after surgical dissection with nCRT.