高强度聚焦超声治疗子宫腺肌病临床研究进展

高强度聚焦超声(high intensity focused ultrasound,HIFU)治疗为近年来兴起的一项无创技术,因其安全、无创、无辐射、可重复等优点,广泛应用于各种实体肿瘤的治疗。本文对HIFU治疗子宫腺肌病的作用机制、适应证、禁忌证、治疗方法、安全性及有效性和并发症进行综述。     

高强度聚焦超声治疗子宫腺肌病影响因素的初步分析

目的 :探讨高强度聚焦超声(HIFU)治疗子宫腺肌病的影响因素。方法 :对20例(共33处病灶)子宫腺肌病患者行一次性超声消融治疗。术前1~2 d及术后第7天所有患者均行盆腔子宫MRI平扫加强化评估其消融率,分析年龄、病灶位置、病灶弥散程度、团块灰度出现与否等因素对消融率的影响。结果:病灶位置不同、弥散程度不同消融率差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。子宫前壁、后壁和宫底病灶的平均消融率分别为(82.81±5.16)%、(75.73±8.24)%、(69.80±5.99)%,其中宫底病灶和后壁病灶的平均消融率均前壁病灶的平均消融率,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);局限病灶、弥散病灶平均消融率分别为(81.14±7.00)%、(75.08±8.10)%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 :病灶位置、弥散程度影响HIFU治疗子宫腺肌病的消融率。     

高强度超声聚焦热消融治疗子宫腺肌病效果探讨

目的:观察高强度超声聚焦热消融治疗子宫腺肌病的效果.方法:选择于2015年8月-2016年10月在我院接受高强度超声聚焦热消融治疗的子宫腺肌病患者120例作为观察对象,观察患者临床症状的改善情况、影像学变化来评价高强度聚焦超声在子宫腺肌病疗中的应用价值.结果:治疗结果显示120例患者中98例临床症状消失,子宫及肿瘤体积缩小2/3以上;20例患者临床症状明显改善,肿瘤体积缩小1/2以上;2例患者术后病情未好转,出现失血性贫血而行子宫切除术.治疗总有效率高达98.33％(118/120).1例患者术后发生尿潴留,尿管保留24 h后可正常排尿;1例患者出现大腿跟部疼痛,1周后自行消失,且在治疗过程中未出现骶神经损伤、皮肤烧灼的并发症.结论:高强度超声聚焦热消融治疗在子宫腺肌病的治疗中具有较高的应用价值,具有疗效显著、安全性高的优点,值得临床推广应用.     

磁共振引导聚焦超声治疗子宫腺肌病应用进展

子宫腺肌病是严重影响女性生活质量的良性妇科疾病,其主要的根治方法是子宫切除术.磁共振引导聚焦超声术(MRgFUS)作为近些年兴起的一项无创治疗技术,在子宫腺肌病治疗方面取得了一定进展,其安全性和有效性得到初步认可.该治疗可能不影响患者妊娠和分娩过程;联合药物治疗还可以进一步提高疗效.这或许给未来有生育需求的女性患者提供...     

高强度聚焦超声刀治疗子宫腺肌病的护理

子宫腺肌病是妇科常见病,近年来其发病率呈升高趋势。临床上大致可分为局限性和弥漫性两种类型,其临床症状主要为痛经和月经过多,往往导致患者贫血以及难以忍受的痛苦。高强度聚焦超声治疗（VAT简称HIFu）是近年来治疗子宫腺肌病的一种新技术,具有无创、无放射性、     

高强度聚焦超声消融术联合不同药物治疗子宫腺肌病的临床疗效

目的 探讨高强度聚焦超声消融手术(FUAS)联合左炔诺孕酮宫内缓释系统(LNG-IUS)及地诺孕素(Dienogest, DNG)治疗子宫腺肌病(AM)的临床疗效。方法 回顾性分析2018-01至2020-10石家庄市第六医院聚焦超声治疗科确诊为AM患者150例,根据术后应用药物不同分为：A组(单纯FUAS治疗)、B组(FUAS+LNG-IUS)和C组(FUAS+DNG),每组50例。记录3组患者治疗前(T₁)、治疗后3个月(T₂)、6个月(T₃)及12个月(T₄)时,子宫体积、病灶体积、痛经评分、血红蛋白(Hb)、血CA125及并发症的情况,并进行对比分析。结果 与T₁比较,3组患者T₂-T₄时子宫体积、病灶体积明显缩小(P<0.01),CA125水平、VAS评分明显降低,HB水平明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);与A组比较,B、C两组T₄时子宫体积、病灶体积明显缩小,CA125水平、VA...     

子宫腺肌病的超声诊断价值探讨

目的探讨子宫腺肌病的声像图特征,提高超声诊断率。方法对经手术及病理证实的63例子宫腺肌病的超声图像特征进行分析。结果患者术前超声诊断与术后病理结果对照,超声诊断子宫腺肌病的符合率为88．9％（56／63）,63例子宫腺肌病中有7例误诊为子宫肌瘤,误诊率为11％（7／63）。结论超声诊断子宫腺肌病有较高的准确性,有较好的临床应用价值。     

子宫腺肌病的超声诊断

子宫腺肌病是妇科常见病,为子宫内膜异位于子宫肌壁内的良性病变,多发于35～50岁经产妇。为提高对子宫腺肌病的诊断率,现将我院经手术病理证实的98例子宫腺肌病声像图表现及误诊原因分析如下。     

子宫内膜-肌层交界区超声多参数对子宫腺肌病的诊断价值

【摘要】目的：探讨子宫内膜-肌层交界区（EMI）超声多参数诊断子宫腺肌病（AD）的价值。方法：回顾性研究2021年5月至2022年7月于本院超声影像科进行常规性检查的处于排卵前期的育龄妇女,将60例子宫腺肌病患者纳入AD组,另选取100例健康女性纳入对照组,比较AD组与对照组EMI多参数的差异,分析其对AD的诊断价值。结果：两组患者年龄、CA125水平、EMI平均厚度、EMI形态、内膜FI、EMI容积、EMI-VI、EMI-FI以及EMI-VFI的差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。其中EMI形态异常（OR=3.143,95%CI：1.485～6.650）、EMI平均厚度（OR=4.855,95%CI：2.199～10.718）、EMI-FI（OR=0.863,95%CI：0.769～0.967）均为AD独立相关因素。将EMI形态联合EMI平均厚度诊断AD准确度为86.88%,Kappa检验一致性较高。结论：EMI多参数诊断AD具有一定价值,EMI形态联合EMI平均厚度具有良好的诊断效能。     

阴道和腹部超声在子宫肌腺病诊断中的临床应用分析

目的探讨阴道超声检查和腹部超声检查在诊断子宫肌腺病中的临床意义。方法收集子宫肌腺病患者178例,根据随机数字表法分为均等的两组,一组为阴道超声诊断组,一组为腹部超声诊断组。记录并比较经阴道超声检查和经腹部超声检查对子宫肌腺病的诊断情况。结果阴道超声组确诊的子宫肌腺病阳性的患者占89．88％（80／89）,漏诊率为10．12％（9／89）;腹部超声组确诊的子宫肌腺病阳性的患者占73．03％（65／89）,漏诊率27．97％（24／89）。两组的结果符合率比较,差异具有统计学意义（P〈O．05）。两种方法除特异性差异不显著外,其他各项指标比较差异均具有统计学意义（P〈O．05）。结论阴道超声的特异性指标与腹部超声相似,其敏感性、阳性及阴性预测值、正确指数在子宫肌腺病诊断中均优于腹部超声,对子宫肌腺病的诊断更具优势。     

Effects of oxytocin on high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) ablation of adenomysis: A prospective study

Objective

To investigate the effects of oxytocin on high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) ablation for the treatment of adenomyosis.

Materials and methods

Eighty-six patients with adenomyosis from three hospitals were randomly assigned to the oxytocin group or control group for HIFU treatment. During HIFU treatment, 80 units of oxytocin was added in 500 ml of 0.9% normal saline running at the rate of 2 ml/min (0.32 U/min) in the oxytocin group, while 0.9% normal saline was used in the control group. Both patients and HIFU operators were blinded to oxytocin or saline application. Treatment results, adverse effects were compared.

Results

When using oxytocin, the non-perfused volume (NPV) ratio was 80.7 ± 11.6%, the energy-efficiency factor (EEF) was 8.1 ± 9.9 J/mm³, and the sonication time required to ablate 1 cm³ was 30.0 ± 36.0 s/cm³. When not using oxytocin, the non-perfused volume ratio was 70.8 ± 16.7%, the EEF was 15.8 ± 19.6 J/mm³, and the sonication time required to ablate 1 cm³ was 58.2 ± 72.7 S/cm³. Significant difference in the NPV ratio, EEF, and the sonication time required to ablate 1 cm³ between the two groups was observed. No oxytocin related adverse effects occurred.

Conclusion

Oxytocin could significantly decrease the energy for ablating adenomyosis with HIFU, safely enhance the treatment efficiency.     

Therapeutic response assessment of high intensity focused ultrasound therapy for uterine fibroid: utility of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography

PURPOSE: To assess the utility of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (ceUS) in the assessment of the therapeutic response to high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) ablation in patients with uterine fibroid. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-four patients with a total of 64 uterine fibroids (mean: 5.3+/-1.2 cm; range: 3.2-8.9 cm) treated with HIFU ablation under the ultrasound guidance were evaluated with ceUS after receiving an intravenous bolus injection of a microbubble contrast agent (SonoVue) within 1 week after intervention. We obtained serial ceUS images during the time period from beginning to 5 min after the initiation of the bolus contrast injection. All of the patients underwent a contrast enhanced MRI (ceMRI) and ultrasound guided needle puncture biopsy within 1 week after HIFU ablation. And as a follow-up, all of the patients underwent US at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after HIFU treatment. The volume change was observed and compared to pre- and post-HIFU ablation. The results of the ceUS were compared with those of the ceMRI in terms of the presence or absence of residual unablated tumor and pathologic change in the treated lesions. RESULTS: On ceUS, diagnostic accuracy was 100%, while residual unablated tumors were found in three uterine fibroids (4.7%) and failed treatment was found in eight uterine fibroids (12.5%). All the 11 fibroids were subjected to additional HIFU ablation. Of the 58 ablated fibroids without residual tumors on both the ceUS and ceMRI after the HIFU ablation, the volumes of all the fibroids decreased in different degrees during the 1 year follow-up USs. And histologic examinations confirmed findings of necrotic and viable tumor tissue, respectively. CONCLUSION: CEUS is potentially useful for evaluating the early therapeutic effect of percutaneous HIFU ablation for uterine fibroids.     

高强度聚焦超声治疗子宫肌瘤的疗效分析

 目的 探讨高强度聚焦超声(high intensity focused ultrasound, HIFU)治疗子宫肌瘤的临床疗效及安全性。方法 2014-03至2015-06采用HIFU治疗子宫肌瘤患者88例,观察并分析患者术中术后反应、临床症状缓解情况及影像学改变情况。结果 治疗中无神经损伤、膀胱损伤、肠穿孔、皮肤烧伤等严重并发症发生; 35例月经量增多患者治疗后1、3、6个月后月经量减少至原月经量的百分数分别为(71±11)%、(55±10)%、(49±11)%;21例继发性贫血患者治疗前Hb水平为(92±8)g/L、治疗后6个月血红蛋白水平为(121±13) g/L,差异有统计学意义(t=8.71,P<0.05)。24例痛经患者治疗前痛经NPIS评分为(7.8±1.1),治疗后6个月痛经NPIS评分为(2.3±0.8),差异有统计学意义(t=19.81,P<0.05)。治疗后1、3、6个月超声检查显示子宫肌瘤体积缩小率为(33.23±14.03) %、(48.42±14.56) %、(63.76±18.05)%。6个月后超声检查CDFI显示所有患者肌瘤内血流信号明显减少或消失,与治疗前比较,差异有统计学意义(Zc=9.63,P<0.05)。结论 HIFU治疗子宫肌瘤近期疗效显著,能有效减轻临床症状,是治疗子宫肌瘤的安全、有效、无创的新方法。     

Microbubbles assist goat liver ablation by high intensity focused ultrasound

High intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) has been introduced to treat cancers. However, this therapy is a time-consuming procedure; destructing a deeper volume is also difficult as ultrasonic energy attenuates exponentially with increasing depth in tissues. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of introducing microbubbles on liver HIFU ablation. Seventeen goats were divided into groups A (n=8) and B (n=9). The livers in both groups were ablated using HIFU (1.0 MHz, 22,593 W/cm²) performed in the manner of a clinical regime using a clinical device. A microbubble agent was bolus-injected intravenously before HIFU exposure in group B. All animals in group A and seven goats in group B were euthanased to evaluate the ablation efficiency 24 h after HIFU. The necrosis rate (mm³/s), which was the volume of necrosis tissue per second of HIFU exposure, was used to judge the ablation efficiency. Pathological examinations were performed to determine whether there were residual intact tissues within the exposed volume. The other two goats in group B were used to determine the delayed pathological changes 7 days after ultrasonic ablation. The necrosis rate (mm³/s) was increased in group B (14.4647±4.1960 versus 33.5302±12.4484, P=0.0059). Pathological examinations confirmed that there were no residual unaffected tissue focuses within the exposed volume. Two remarkable changes occurred in the other two goats in group B 7 days after HIFU: there were ghost-cell islands at the periphery of the ablated tissues, and surrounding adjacent tissues outside the reactive zone necrotized. These findings showed that microbubbles could be used to assist liver HIFU ablation. T. Yu and X. Fan contributed equally to this paper.     

Renal ablation using magnetic resonance-guided high intensity focused ultrasound: Magnetic resonance imaging and histopathology assessment

AIM: To use magnetic resonance-guided high intensity focused ultrasound (MRg-HIFU), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and histopathology for noninvasively ablating, quantifying and characterizing ablated renal tissue.METHODS: Six anesthetized/mechanically-ventilated pigs underwent single/double renal sonication (n = 24) using a 3T-MRg-HIFU (1.1 MHz frequency and 3000J-4400J energies). T2-weighted fast spin echo (T2-W), perfusion saturation recovery gradient echo and contrast enhanced (CE) T1-weighted (T1-W) sequences were used for treatment planning, temperature monitoring, lesion visualization, characterization and quantification, respectively. Histopathology was conducted in excised kidneys to quantify and characterize cellular and vascular changes. Paired Student’s t-test was used and a P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.RESULTS: Ablated renal parenchyma could not be differentiated from normal parenchyma on T2-W or non-CE T1-W sequences. Ablated renal lesions were visible as hypoenhanced regions on perfusion and CE T1-W MRI sequences, suggesting perfusion deficits and necrosis. Volumes of ablated parenchyma on CE T1-W images in vivo (0.12-0.36 cm³ for single sonication 3000J, 0.50-0.84 cm³, for double 3000J, 0.75-0.78 cm³ for single 4400J and 0.12-2.65 cm³ for double 4400J) and at postmortem (0.23-0.52 cm³, 0.25-0.82 cm³, 0.45-0.68 cm³ and 0.29-1.80 cm³, respectively) were comparable. The ablated volumes on 3000J and 4400J double sonication were significantly larger than single (P < 0.01), thus, the volume and depth of ablated tissue depends on the applied energy and number of sonication. Macroscopic and microscopic examinations confirmed the locations and presence of coagulation necrosis, vascular damage and interstitial hemorrhage, respectively.CONCLUSION: Contrast enhanced MRI provides assessment of MRg-HIFU renal ablation. Histopathology demonstrated coagulation necrosis, vascular damage and confirmed the volume of damage seen on MRI.     

High intensity focused ultrasound treatment of adenomyosis: The relationship between the features of magnetic resonance imaging on T2 weighted images and the therapeutic efficacy

ObjectivesTo investigate the relationship between the features of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on T2 weighted images (T2WI) and the therapeutic efficacy of high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) on adenomyosis.Materials and methodsFrom January 2011 to November 2015, four hundred and twenty-eight patients with symptomatic adenomyosis were treated with HIFU. Based on the signal intensity and the number of hyperintense foci in the adenomyotic lesions on T2WI, the patients were classified into groups. The day after HIFU ablation patients underwent contrast-enhanced MRI and a comparison was made of non-perfused volume (NPV) ratio, energy efficiency factor (EEF), treatment time, sonication time, and adverse effects.ResultsNo significant difference in terms of HIFU treatment settings and results was observed between the group of patients with hypointense adenomyotic lesions and the group with isointense adenomyotic lesions (P > 0.05). However, the sonication time and EEF were significantly higher in the group with multiple hyperintense foci compared to the group with few hyperintense foci. The NPV ratio achieved in the lesions with multiple hyperintenese foci was significantly lower than that in the lesions with few hyperintense foci (P < 0.05). No significant difference was observed in the rate of adverse effects between the two groups.ConclusionsBased on our results, the response of the adenomyotic lesions to HIFU treatment is not related to the signal intensity of adenomyotic lesions on T2WI. However, the number of the high signal intensity foci in the adenomyotic lesions on T2WI can be considered as a predictive factor to help select patients for HIFU treatment.     

超声微泡对比剂增强高强度聚焦超声治疗作用研究进展

高强度聚焦超声(HIFU)是非侵袭性治疗肿瘤的一种重要手段,其安全性、有效性已得到医患的一致认可,但治疗时间长,消融效率低限制了其应用.近年来,关于HIFU增效剂的研究已有进展,超声微泡对比剂作为一种安全有效的HIFU增效剂,能有效缩短治疗时间,提高消融效率,是当前研究的热点.本文就超声对比剂增强HIFU治疗作用的现状及进展作一综述.     

Evaluation of short-term response of high intensity focused ultrasound ablation for primary hepatic carcinoma: Utility of contrast-enhanced MRI and diffusion-weighted imaging

Objective

To explore the significance of contrast-enhanced MRI (CE-MRI) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in evaluating the short-term response of high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) ablation for primary hepatic carcinoma (PHC).

Methods

Thirty-nine lesions in the livers of 27 patients were performed HIFU ablation. Conventional MRI sequences, CE-MRI and DWI were performed 1 week before HIFU and 1 week, 3 months after the therapy, respectively. The short-term responses of HIFU for all lesions were evaluated with MRI.

Results

28 of the 39 lesions (28/39, 71.8%) showed complete necrosis with no enhancement 1 week and 3 months after HIFU. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values 1 week and 3 months after HIFU were significantly higher than those 1 week before treatment (p < 0.05). The tumor recurrence was detected in 7 of the 39 lesions (7/39, 17.9%) which had no significant enhancement 1 week after HIFU. On the 3 months follow-up, focal nodules were found on the inner aspects of the treated areas. The ADC values had no significant difference between 1 week before and after treatment (p > 0.05), however, they were significantly higher 3 months after HIFU (p < 0.05). The tumor residuals were detected in 4 of the 39 lesions (4/39, 10.3%) showing enhancement 1 week after treatment and increased size 3 months after HIFU. The ADC values had no significant difference among 1 week before HIFU, 1 week and 3 months after treatment (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

CE-MRI and DWI can be employed to evaluate the short-term response of HIFU ablation for PHC and to guide the patient management.     

六氟化硫微泡在高强度聚焦超声治疗子宫肌瘤中的临床价值

目的 探讨六氟化硫微泡在高强度聚焦超声(HIFU)治疗子宫肌瘤中的临床应用价值.方法 2011年8月至2013年8月入院诊断为子宫肌瘤患者随机分成造影组(n=30)与非造影组(n=30),造影组HIFU治疗术前、中、后用六氟化硫微泡造影,非造影组术后造影.记录手术时间、出现块状灰度变化时间、辐照时间、肿瘤消融率、治疗剂量(J),两组参数用两独立样本t检验.结果 造影组手术时间、出现块状灰度变化时间、辐照时间、治疗剂量分别为(71.71±53.22) min,(528.74±379.14)s,(827.97±696.43)s,(295 581.81±207 182.29)J,非造影组分别为(148.14±65.12) min,(1 171A2±877A2)s,(1 770.43±1 357.62)s,(597 705.71±464389.85)J,两组各参数相比差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).肌瘤消融率造影组为(78.42±5.77)％,非造影组为(76.10±10.11)％,两组各参数相比差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).造影组患者未发生治疗区皮肤烧伤、下肢麻木,1例出现全身酸麻,并发症的发生率为1/30(3.3％).非造影组治疗区皮肤Ⅱ度烧伤1例,下肢麻木1例,全身酸麻2例,并发症的发生率为4/30(13.3％),高于前者(P＜0.001),差异有统计学意义.结论 六氟化硫微泡在HIFU热消融子宫肌瘤中,可缩短手术时间,提高肿瘤消融率,减少并发症,具有明显的增效作用,在临床中发挥着重要的指导意义.