黄芪多糖对糖尿病鼠T细胞亚群的免疫调节作用

目的 探讨黄芪多糖（APS）对NOD小鼠T细胞亚群的免疫调节机制。方法 观察APS组和对照组NOD鼠胰岛浸润淋巴细胞免疫组化、脾T淋巴细胞CD4^＋／CD8^＋亚群比值，RT—PCR法检测两组胰岛中IL-1β、IL-2、IL-6、IL-12、TNF—α和INF-γ Th1型细胞因子的mRNA表达。结果 APS可以降低NOD小鼠1型糖尿病的发病率，下降胰岛浸润炎症细胞及脾脏中的CD4^＋／CD8^＋亚群比值。与对照组相比，APS组胰岛IL-1β、IL-2、IL-6、IL-12、TNF-α和INF-1的mRNA表达水平明显下调。结论 APS能纠正NOD小鼠Th1型细胞／细胞因子的免疫失衡状态，预防1型糖尿病的发生。     

双歧杆菌对NOD小鼠胰岛Fas和FasL表达的影响

目的观察口服双歧杆菌对NOD小鼠1型糖尿病和胰岛炎发生情况的影响以及口服双歧杆菌后胰岛Fas和FasL表达的情况。方法将4周龄雌性NOD小鼠40只,随机分为两组:实验组(20只)给予双歧杆菌0.25mg/g体重/天(制备成活菌悬液0.5ml),对照组(20只)给予等容积的磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)。4周龄开始给药至30周龄,于15周龄时各组分别处死6只小鼠,取胰腺组织HE染色进行胰岛炎评分,采用免疫组化方法观察口服双歧杆菌后NOD小鼠胰岛组织Fas和FasL的改变情况。其余小鼠30周龄时观察发病率,同时观察胰岛炎、Fas和FasL的变化。结果双歧杆菌明显减轻NOD小鼠胰岛炎,减少糖尿病的发生(P<0.05),双歧杆菌组胰岛Fas的表达少于对照组(P<0.01);FasL的表达也有显著差异(P<0.01)。结论早期应用双歧杆菌可以减少NOD小鼠胰岛炎和延缓糖尿病的发生,其机制与Fas/FasL系统介导的胰岛β细胞凋亡有关。     

异基因骨髓干细胞移植后重建NOD小鼠T淋巴细胞亚群比值的研究

目的：探讨骨髓干细胞移植对NOD小鼠免疫系统重建和预防糖尿病发生的机制。方法：①21只6周龄NOD雌性鼠接受9．5cGy全身照射后随机分为两组,移植组10只,对照组11只;②每周监测血常规和血糖的变化;③小鼠饲养至发生糖尿病时或至30周龄时处死,摘取脾脏分离淋巴细胞,通过流式细胞术检测移植鼠与非移植鼠脾脏CD3^＋、CD4^＋、CD8^＋、CD4^＋／CD8^＋淋巴细胞;采用ELISA法测定血清中IFN-γ水平;吉姆萨染色法计数小鼠骨髓分裂相中Y染色体所占比例,检测嵌合程度并作为细胞植活标记。结果：①移植后NOD受鼠经骨髓细胞的性别染色体检测显示均植入成功;②实验组糖尿病发病率显著低于对照组（P〈0．05）,且发病时间与对照组比较明显延缓（P〈0．05）;③实验组和对照组CD3^＋T细胞、CD4^＋T细胞比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,但实验组CD8^＋T细胞显著高于对照组（P〈0．05）。实验组的CD4^＋／CD8^＋比值显著低于对照组（P〈0．05）,血清IFN7数值也显著低于对照组水平（P〈0．01）。结论：NOD鼠在通过异基因骨髓干细胞移植后,能降低糖尿病的发生率和延缓糖尿病的发生,可能与移植后免疫重建,下调CD4^＋／CD8^＋T细胞的比值,使Th1／Th2极化向Th2偏移等机制相关,异基因骨髓干细胞移植可能成为防治1型糖尿病的新途径。     

黄芪多糖对NOD小鼠1型糖尿病的预防作用

目的 探讨黄芪多糖对NOD小鼠1型糖尿病的预防作用。方法 比较APS预免疫组NOD小鼠和NS对照组NOD小鼠DM发病率、血清C-P和GAD-Ab水平、脾脏T细胞亚群比例、胰岛组织病理学和免疫组化。结果 APS组与NS组比较,DN发病率显著降低,血清C-P水平显著增高,胰岛炎症程度减轻,CD8T细胞亚群比例显著增高,CD4/CD8比值显著降低。结论 早期应用黄芪多糖预免疫可以预防或延缓NOD小鼠1型糖尿病的发病。     

Bc-tIGF-1对NOD 小鼠T细胞亚群的调节作用

目的　了解Bc tIGF 1是否能预防NOD小鼠糖尿病 (DM )的发生并探讨其免疫机制。方法　 4周龄时给NOD雌性小鼠腹腔注射 (ip)Bc tIGF 17.5 μg/ (kg·d) ,连续应用 2周 (n =10 ) ;同时等体积生理盐水ip 2周作为对照组 (n =10 )。 4 0周龄处死小鼠 ,测定血清C 肽和谷氨酸脱羧酶抗体 (GAD -Ab) ,并观察脾脏T细胞亚群、胰岛病理和淋巴细胞免疫组化变化。结果　Bc tIGF 1组DM发病率 ( 5 0 % )明显低于NS组 ( 90 % ,P <0 .0 5 ) ,且发病时间延缓 ,胰岛炎症程度也明显减轻 ;脾脏CD 4T淋巴细胞较NS组明显降低 ,CD 8细胞比例则显著升高 (P <0 .0 1)。免疫组化显示Bc tIGF 1组胰岛CD 4T细胞浸润较对照组减少且局限在胰岛周围。两组的GAD -Ab阳性率无显著性差异。结论　早期应用Bc tIGF 1可减少和延缓NOD小鼠糖尿病发病 ,其机制可能与恢复CD 4和CD 8T细胞亚群平衡、抑制CD 4T细胞活动有关     

己烯雌酚对感染弓形虫孕鼠脾脏T细胞亚群的影响

目的：研究BALB／c妊娠小鼠感染弓形虫后脾脏T淋巴细胞亚群的变化及己烯雌酚（DES）对感染弓形虫孕鼠脾脏T细胞亚群的作用。方法：使用一定剂量的DES处理感染弓形虫孕鼠，于不同妊娠时期将孕鼠处死，用放免法测定孕鼠血清雌二醇（E2）水平，流式细胞术检测脾脏T淋巴细胞亚群水平。结果：与空白对照组相比，感染对照组的脾脏CD4^ 与CD8^ T细胞水平于14、16、18d增高（P＜0．05）；CD4^ /CD8^ 比值降低，16、18d有显性（P＜0．05）。与感染对照组相比，DES处理组脾脏CD4^ 、CD8^ T细胞降低（P＜0．05），CD4^ /CD8^ 比值明显增高（P＜0．05）。结论：DES对脾脏CD4^ 和CD8^ T细胞亚群有抑制作用，尤其是对CD8^ T细胞的抑制作用更大；提示脾脏CD4^ 和CD8^ T细胞都有抗弓形虫感染的作用，且CD8^ T细胞占主导。     

乌贼墨对小鼠T细胞亚群和T细胞活化的影响

目的：研究乌贼墨对小鼠T细胞亚群和T细胞活化的影响。方法：实验组小鼠每天灌胃5%的乌贼墨0.5ml,连续7d。对照组小鼠给予等量生理盐水。流式细胞术检测小鼠外周血CD4^＋T细胞百分比、CD4^＋/CD8^＋比值及IL-2αR（CD25）表达。结果：实验组小鼠外周血CD4^＋T细胞百分比、CD4^＋/CD8^＋比值及IL-2αR（CD25）表达较对照组小鼠均有明显升高,而CD8^＋T细胞却无显著性变化。结论：乌贼墨通过增高CD4^＋T细胞百分比、CD4^＋/CD8^＋比值及IL-2αR（CD25）表达对小鼠免疫功能进行调节。     

NOD小鼠CD4^＋CD25^＋调节性T细胞功能变化研究

目的：观察NOD小鼠CD4^＋CD25^＋调节性T细胞的功能变化。方法：流式细胞仪分析NOD小鼠胰腺引流淋巴结（PLN）CD4^＋CD25^＋T细胞频率,CD4^＋CD25^＋T细胞中FoxP3^＋细胞的比例,CD4^＋CD25^＋FoxP3^＋T细胞的FoxP3平均荧光强度（MFI）;检测CD4^＋CD25^＋调节性T细胞的抑制功能。结果：在不同的年龄阶段,CD4^＋CD25^＋调节性T细胞数量未发生明显变化,而随时间的推移,CD4^＋CD25^＋调节性T细胞中FoxP3表达水平降低,CD4^＋CD25^＋调节性T细胞的功能也下降。结论：CD4^＋CD25^＋调节性T细胞的抑制功能降低可能是NOD小鼠糖尿病发作的根本原因。     

T淋巴细胞亚群异常与特发性血小板减少性紫癜的关系

目的 通过检测T淋巴细胞亚群及其凋亡，初步探讨T淋巴细胞亚群异常在特发性减少性紫癜（ITP）发病机制中的作用。方法 采用流式细胞术对ITP患者及正常对照组的外周血淋巴细胞亚群进行检测；DNA琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测T淋巴细胞的凋亡。结栗ITP患者CD3^＋、CD4^＋和CD4^＋CD25^＋T细胞比例均显著低于正常对照组（P〈0．05或P〈0．01），而CD8^＋T细胞和CD4^＋T细胞表面Fas表达均较正常组增加（P〈0．01）；T淋巴细胞凋亡敏感性增加。结论 ITP患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群异常，T细胞免疫调控亚群（CD4^＋CD25^＋）凋亡增多，对自身反应性T细胞亚群免疫下调作用降低，破坏自身免疫耐受，在ITP的发病中起重要作用。     

来氟米特对实验性变态反应性脑脊髓炎小鼠T细胞亚群及Th1型细胞因子的影响

目的 探讨来氟米特（Leflunomide,LEF）对实验性变态反应性脑脊髓炎（EAE）小鼠模型发病防治作用及可能的免疫学机制.方法 将30只雌性C57BL/6小鼠随机分为EAE对照组及高、低剂量LEF防治组,每组10只.通过注射髓鞘少突胶质细胞糖蛋白35-55 （MOG35-55）免疫介导构建EAE模型.从造模前3d开始起EAE对照组及高、低剂量LEF防治组分别予以生理盐水8 mg/（kg·d）、LEF 2 mg/（kg·d）灌胃,连续10d.观察小鼠发病情况及外周血中T细胞亚群及IFN-γ、IL-2水平的变化.结果 LEF各防治组小鼠临床症状较轻,发病高峰期外周血T细胞亚群CD4＋、CD8＋分布比例较EAE对照组明显升高（P＜0.01）,CD4＋/CD8＋值明显降低（P＜0.01）;发病高峰期外周血IL-2、INF-含量较EAE对照组明显降低（P＜0.01）,且高剂量降低更明显（P＜0.01）.结论 LEF对EAE具有防治作用,效果与LEF剂量有关,其防治作用可能与调节T淋巴细胞亚群分布及抑制IFN-γ、IL-2水平有关.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.