Onyx结合微弹簧圈经静脉入路治疗硬脑膜动-静脉瘘

研究背景采取单纯微弹簧圈栓塞供血动脉姑息治疗硬脑膜动静脉瘘的方法,在栓塞血管巢近端供血动脉后,可出现新的供血动脉并可能改变静脉引流途径,从而增加颅内出血风险。闭塞引流静脉是一种十分有效的治疗方法,且经静脉途径闭塞引流静脉成功率较高,本研究尝试经静脉入路注射液体栓塞剂Onyx结合微弹簧圈栓塞治疗硬脑膜动静脉瘘,并探讨其疗效。方法经静脉入路栓塞治疗12例硬脑膜动静脉瘘患者(海绵窦区8例、横窦乙状窦区4例),通过脑血管造影检查及临床随访评价疗效。结果术后即刻全脑血管造影检查瘘口完全闭塞者11例、瘘口处血流速度明显减慢者1例。随访3个月至3年,临床症状完全消失者11例、明显缓解者1例。结论应用液体栓塞剂Onyx结合微弹簧圈经静脉入路栓塞治疗硬脑膜动静脉瘘安全有效。     

远端血管阻断辅助微导管超选经栓塞硬脑膜动静脉瘘

目的介绍远端血管阻断辅助微导管超选技术在经动脉入路栓塞硬脑膜动静脉瘘术中的应用。方法硬脑膜动静脉瘘患者2例。1例为天幕缘区硬脑膜动静脉瘘,供血动脉来自脑膜中动脉和枕动脉,采用弹簧圈闭塞枕动脉远端主干。另一例为前颅窝底硬脑膜动静脉瘘,供血动脉为双侧眼动脉之筛前、筛后动脉,采用球囊临时阻断于颈内动脉眼动脉开口远端。结果微导管在弹簧圈及球囊支撑下均超选人与主干血管成角明显且迂曲的供血动脉远端,微导管头端接近瘘口,以液态栓塞材料完全消除瘘口。结论对于供血动脉迂曲且与主干血管成角明显的硬脑膜动静脉瘘,远端血管临时或永久阻断有利于使微导管头端超选至理想位置,最终保证瘘口栓塞。     

海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘的临床表现及血管内介入治疗

目的 探讨海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘的临床症状及血管内介入治疗的方法和疗效.方法 分析收治的16例海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘患者临床资料,并对其临床症状、血管内介入治疗方法及疗效进行总结分析.结果 16例患者眼部充血表现(或合并突眼)13例,单纯突眼1例,颞部杂音2例,蛛网膜下腔出血1例.6例单纯南动脉途径应用NBCA进行栓塞,术后瘘口即刻闭塞3例;1例有瘘口残留,随访2个月后症状完全消失;另外2例瘘口残留,但症状明显好转.8例进行了单纯静脉入路栓塞,其中2例应用ONYX和弹簧圈进行栓塞,完全闭塞瘘口;2例分别合并有术后动眼神经和外展神经麻痹,前者术后1个月好转;5例单纯进行了ONYX栓塞:1例由动静脉联合入路进行栓塞,瘘口完全闭塞,1例因瘘口细小进行了颈动脉压迫并观察随访,术后2个月瘘口更加细小,术后3例患者出现眼部并发症,1例为动眼神经麻痹,1个月后好转,1例为复视并外展神经麻痹,1例为结膜充血,眼球疼痛不适,后好转.结论 海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘临床表现复杂多变.血管内介入治疗是海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘安全、有效的治疗方法.经动脉入路栓塞,瘘口闭塞率低于静脉入路,但术后眼部并发症发生率亦低,静脉入路瘘口闭塞率高,但应注意防止眼部并发症发生.     

球囊辅助栓塞硬脑膜动静脉瘘

目的评估球囊辅助栓塞硬脑膜动静脉瘘的临床效果。方法回顾性分析2010年10月至2012年8月收治的17例硬脑膜动静脉瘘患者的临床资料,其中位于横窦、乙状窦区11例,颈静脉孔区4例,上矢状窦区2例;均行球囊辅助栓塞硬脑膜动静脉瘘;6例经动脉途径栓塞,3例经静脉途径栓塞,8例经动脉及静脉相结合途径栓塞。结果 17例患者中,栓塞后即刻造影复查示,瘘口完全消失11例,部分消失6例。17例病人随访3个月~2年,无加重及复发者;瘘口完全消失13例,部分消失4例。结论球囊辅助栓塞硬脑膜动静脉瘘是一种安全、有效的方法。     

经眼上静脉途径栓塞海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘

目的 探讨经眼上静脉途径栓塞治疗海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘的临床效果. 方法 对27例海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘患者行经眼上静脉途径栓塞治疗,通过脑血管造影及临床随访来评价临床疗效. 结果 术后即刻造影示瘘口完全闭塞15例,瘘口处血流速度明显减慢12例.11例患者术后眼球水肿一过性加重.随访3月～4年,临床症状消失17例,症状明显缓解10例. 结论 经眼上静脉途径栓塞治疗海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘对部分患者是一种有效的治疗方法 .     

球囊辅助介入栓塞硬脑膜动静脉瘘

目的 应用球囊辅助Onyx胶介入栓塞硬脑膜动静脉瘘,分析球囊辅助栓塞的意义和效果.方法 回顾性分析6例球囊辅助Onyx胶介入栓塞的硬脑膜动静脉瘘患者,总结临床表现,血管造影特点,血管内治疗方案及临床疗效.结果 6例患者中4例表现为皮层静脉返流.在球囊辅助下,5例经动脉入路栓塞,1例经静脉入路栓塞.4例患者球囊用于保护颈内动脉,1例用于保护椎动脉,1例用于脑膜中动脉防止Onyx胶返流并降低瘘口流速.术后血管造影示4例完全栓塞,2例部分栓塞.1例出现栓塞相关的暂时性面神经麻痹.结论 应用球囊辅助Onyx胶介入栓塞治疗颈内颈外动脉共同供血的硬脑膜动静脉瘘,能够有效地保护颅内动脉.在供血动脉中充盈球囊能够有效防止Onyx胶返流并降低瘘口流速.     

Onyx胶栓塞治疗硬脑膜动静脉瘘的初步体会

目的 总结应用Onyx胶栓塞治疗硬脑膜动静脉瘘的初步结果 及经验.方法 采用Onyx胶经血管内栓塞治疗18例影像学证实的硬脑膜动静脉瘘.对所有患者的临床特征及血管内治疗过程进行同顾性分析.结果 15例采用动脉入路、1例采用动静脉联合入路、2例采用静脉入路进行栓塞治疗.13例患者经栓塞后瘘口完全闭塞,3例大部分柃塞,2例部分栓塞,死亡1例.17例患者随访3～24个月,症状完全消失或无加重.造影显示病变1例复发.结论 Onyx胶是血管内栓塞治疗硬脑膜动静脉瘘的理想材料,通过动脉入路对大多数患者能较好的弥散并栓塞瘘口,短期疗效满意.对于动脉入路难以到达瘘口而静脉窦通畅者,可行动静脉入路或静脉入路进行.其长期效果有待进一步的随访评价.     

经静脉途径栓塞32例硬脑膜动静脉瘘

目的探讨经静脉途径栓塞治疗硬脑膜动静脉瘘的临床效果。方法对32例硬脑膜动静脉瘘患者行经静脉途径栓塞治疗，其中海绵窦区22例，侧窦区10例，通过脑血管造影及临床随访来评价临床疗效。结果术后即刻造影示瘘口完全闭塞19例，瘘口处血流速度明显减慢13例。9例患者术后眼球突出、结膜水肿一过性加重。随访3月～2年，临床症状消失21例，症状明显缓解11例。结论经静脉途径栓塞治疗硬脑膜动静脉瘘患者是一种有效的疗法。     

经静脉途径栓塞治疗硬脑膜动静脉瘘（附14例报告）

目的 评估经静脉途径栓塞治疗硬脑膜动静脉瘘（DAVF）的有效性。方法 14例DAVF病人,其中海绵窦区8例,横窦、乙状窦区5例,Galen静脉1例,均经静脉途径栓塞。结果 随访时间1个月－4年,临床治愈10例,症状缓解4例。影像学：瘘口完全消失8例;部分消失6例,但血流明显缓慢。结论 经静脉途径栓塞是治疗硬脑膜动静脉瘘安全有效的方法。     

Onyx和／或弹簧圈栓塞治疗海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘

目的探讨经不同入路应用Onyx、弹簧圈或二者联合栓塞治疗海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘的疗效。方法回顾性分析21例经DSA证实为海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘患者的临床资料。21例患者中,15例经岩下窦入路栓塞,2例经面静脉或颞浅静脉一眼静脉人路栓塞,4例经动脉入路栓塞;单纯使用Onyx栓塞11例,单纯用弹簧圈栓塞3例,用弹簧圈联合Onyx栓塞7例,其中2例注入Onyx过程中使用封堵球囊保护颈内动脉。结果栓塞术后即刻造影显示瘘口完全闭塞17例,大部分闭塞4例。栓塞术后所有颅内杂音均消失。术后出现同侧眼睑下垂加重2例,动眼神经麻痹1例,外展神经麻痹2例,3月后均改善。16例患者随访3～62个月,平均随访28个月;6例经DSA随访未见复发,10例电话或门诊随访症状改善。结论使用Onyx、弹簧圈或二者联合进行栓塞治疗海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘,静脉入路为首选,必要时可使用封堵球囊保护供血动脉,可以取得较为满意的疗效。     

Spinal Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas: Clinical Experience with Endovascular Treatment as a Primary Therapeutic Modality

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of endovascular therapy as a primary treatment for spinal dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF).

Methods

The authors reviewed 18 patients with spinal DAVFs for whom endovascular therapy was considered as an initial treatment at a single institute between 1993 and 2006. NBCA embolization was considered the primary treatment of choice, with surgery reserved for patients in whom endovascular treatment failed.

Results

Surgery was performed as the primary treatment in one patient because the anterior spinal artery originated from the same arterial pedicle as the artery feeding the fistula. Embolization was used as the primary treatment modality in 17 patients, with an initial success rate of 82.4%. Two patients with incomplete embolization had to undergo surgery. One patient underwent multiple embolizations, which failed to completely occlude the fistula but relieved the patient''s symptoms. Spinal DAVF recurred in two patients (one collateral development and one recanalization) during the follow-up period. The collateral development was obliterated by repeated embolization, but the patient with recanalization refused further treatment. The overall clinical status improved in 15 patients (83.3%) during the follow-up period.

Conclusion

Endovascular therapy can be successfully used as a primary treatment for the majority of patients with spinal DAVFs. Although it is difficult to perform in some patients, endovascular embolization should be the primary treatment of choice for spinal DAVF.     

外伤性脑动静脉瘘的血管内治疗

目的 探讨外伤性脑动静脉瘘的诊断及鉴别诊断，治疗方法选择及栓塞技术要点。方法 对我院1995至2001年收治的125例外伤性脑动静脉瘘中层得进行全脑血管造影检查，其中颈动脉海绵窦瘘（CCF）98例，硬脑膜动静脉瘘（DAVF）27例，CCF患经股动脉入路以球囊栓塞瘘口93例，经股静脉入路以微弹簧圈栓塞4例，经眼上静脉入路以微弹簧圈栓塞1例；27例DAVF，单纯压迫颈动脉法治疗3例，栓塞治疗24例，24例中，可脱性球囊栓塞脑膜中动脉2例，经动脉途径用聚醋酸乙烯酯（PVA），α-氰基丙烯酸正丁酯（NBCA）胶及冻干硬膜等微粒栓塞21例次，弹簧圈栓塞4例次；经静脉途径弹簧圈栓塞6例次。结果 CCF患95例1次栓塞成功，3例于第一次栓塞后球囊泄漏复发，经再次栓塞治愈，治愈率100%；DAVF患治愈21例，好转5例，无效1例，治愈率为77.8%，总有效率为96.3%。结论 全脑血管造影可明确诊断，正确选择栓塞途径及栓塞材料是手术成功的关键。栓塞治疗首先选择动脉入路，如果动脉入路治疗失败，则可通过股静脉或眼静脉入路。     

复合手术治疗复杂型大脑镰硬脑膜动静脉瘘1例并文献复习

目的 探讨大脑镰硬脑膜动静脉瘘(DAVF)的临床特点及治疗方案和疗效.方法 回顾性分析1例用复合手术治疗的,复杂型大脑镰DAVF伴多发瘤样扩张破裂出血患者的临床资料;并对相关文献进行复习.结果 本例患者以蛛网膜下腔出血表现发病,行血管内介入栓塞后血管造影示瘘仍存在,动脉仍供血;改行开颅手术将瘘口切除.患者术后恢复良好,...     

Treatment of dural arteriovenous fistula by balloon-assisted transarterial embolization with Onyx

Objective

This study evaluated the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of embolization of dural arteriovenous fistula via a very small, short feeding artery with the assistance of a balloon placed proximal to the tip of the microcatheter, such that the balloon serves as a plug.

Methods

Eight patients who underwent treatment of DAVF by balloon-assisted transarterial embolization with Onyx were retrospectively reviewed. Gender, age, angiography findings, procedure details, clinical and angiographic outcomes, complications, and follow-up were recorded and analyzed.

Results

Nine embolization procedures were performed in eight male patients via extracranial arteries. Balloon-assisted embolization was successful in all eight patients. A Hyperglide balloon was used in five patients, and a Hyperform balloon was used in three patients. Angiographic resolution of the fistula was achieved in all patients without complications. All patients recovered uneventfully. During the follow-up period of 7–19 months, all patients were asymptomatic except for one patient who experienced mild headaches.

Conclusions

Treatment of DAVF by balloon-assisted embolization with Onyx achieved promising results, even in patients with very small and short feeding arteries. This technique allowed the treatment of DAVF cases where other techniques have failed.     

颅颈结合区硬脑膜动静脉瘘的临床和影像学特征

目的 总结颅颈结合部硬脑膜动静脉瘘（dural arteriovenous fistula,DAVF）患者的影像学和临床 特征。 方法 回顾性分析2005年8月-2016年7月在成都市第五人民医院经DSA确诊的16例颅颈结合部 DAVF患者临床资料及其DSA、CTA和MRI影像信息。根据发病时间将患者分成急性（7 d内）、亚急性（1 个月内）和慢性（超过1个月）三组。 结果 确诊的患者急性组4例、亚急性组4例和慢性组8例,其中急性和慢性患者中男性比例均为 75.0%,高于亚急性患者（50.0%）。在静脉引流方向上,有7例（87.5％）的慢性患者引流方向向上, 而急性和亚急性患者静脉引流向上的比例分别为3例（75.0%）和2例（50.0%）。所有患者在临床上均 出现头痛、恶心等非特异性症状。DSA影像显示DAVF在颅颈结合区集中在C1神经根处、双侧乙状窦处、 横窦区、右脑膜后动脉近横窦处、右侧硬脊膜动静脉瘘瘘口、左/右侧椎动脉区、枕大孔区、右侧脑 膜中动脉分支、窦汇区、天幕区和双侧海绵窦。5例患者接受了CTA检查,其中4例CTA影像呈阳性,显 示出蛛网膜下腔出血或血管的数目、形状和粗细上的改变;12例患者行脊髓MRI平扫检查,均显示被 检者出现异常流空血管,并在脑实质区出现异常信号。 结论 颅颈结合部DAVF的临床表现与颅颈结合部位置无关,与静脉引流的方向有关,CTA和MRI有 助于DAVF诊断,但确诊需要DSA检查。     

经静脉入路栓塞治疗海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘(附8例报告)

目的探讨经静脉入路栓塞治疗海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘的方法及效果。方法 8例海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘患者,分别经股静脉-岩下窦、股静脉-面静脉-眼上静脉、直接开放眼上静脉入路到达病变侧海绵窦,用GDC可控微弹簧圈和ONXY胶等多种栓塞材料填塞海绵窦,同时闭塞瘘口。结果 7例治疗后即刻造影显示海绵窦和瘘口完全闭塞,临床症状消失。1例虽将海绵窦闭塞,但仍残留翼丛引流,临床症状明显缓解,术后行压颈治疗后症状消失。栓塞术后最常见并发症为头痛伴呕吐及外展神经麻痹,1周后缓解。5例患者术后随访3～26个月症状未见复发,其中4例均于术后3月复查DSA未见异常,1例残留瘘口的患者术后6月行脑血管造影复查,显示残留瘘口消失。结论经静脉入路栓塞是治疗海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘安全、有效的方法。     

Dural arteriovenous fistula with spinal perimedullary venous drainage

The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of six patients with dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF) with drainage directly into the perimedullary venous system. In five patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), cerebral angiography revealed a DAVF with spinal venous drainage located at the petrosal sinus in one, at the tentorium in one, and at the craniocervical junction in four. In the patient with myelopathy, angiographic exploration began with a spinal angiogram. Bilateral vertebral angiography initially failed to demonstrate the fistula, and a tentorial DAVF was established with carotid artery angiography. Patients had no myelopathy when the venous drainage was limited to the cervical cord; myelopathy was present when the venous drainage descended toward the conus medullaris. Diagnosis of a DAVF presenting with myelopathy is more challenging than of those presenting with SAH.     

Onyx胶栓塞治疗硬脑膜动静脉瘘的初步经验

目的 探讨Onyx胶在硬脑膜动静脉瘘(DAVF)血管内治疗中的应用价值.方法 全麻下经股动脉穿刺插管,造影证实病变后,微导管超选择插管到达瘘口附近,用Onyx-18栓塞治疗DAVF 10例.其中Cognard Ⅰ、Ⅱ型者6例,Ⅲ型、Ⅳ型者4例;单纯型7例,复合型3例.结果 10例DAVF患者,共行14次栓塞治疗,7例为一次栓塞,2例为二次栓塞,其中1例因DAVF供血动脉复杂,行三次栓塞治疗.最终栓塞达80%以上者8例,其中完全栓塞6例;50%～80%栓寨者2例.本组病例无并发症发牛.结论 Onyx胶栓塞是治疗DAVF较为安全、有效的方法.     

A tentorial dural arteriovenous fistula presenting progressive myelopathy: a case report

Abstract We report a case of a dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF) at the tentorium cerebelli, which presented progressive myelopathy. A 68-year-old man with neurological deterioration of the cervical myelopathy visited our hospital. T₂ weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging showed high signal area and edema from the medulla to the upper thoracic spinal cord with flow voids on the dorsal surface of the cord. Angiography showed right tentorial DAVF, which was supplied by the right meningohypophyseal trunk, the middle meningeal artery, the accessory meningeal artery, and was drained into the posterior spinal veins. The patient underwent right retrosigmoid suboccipital craniotomy, then disruption of the fistula was performed by using micro Doppler sonography following endovascular obliteration of the main feeders. Postoperative angiography showed complete obliteration of the fistula. His daily functioning gradually improved up to 6 months after the surgery. Tentorial DAVFs with clinical manifestation of myelopathy are rare. Considering its aggressive nature, early surgical treatment could be necessary. (Received: November 17, 2010, Accepted: December 18, 2010).