妇女产后性健康保健宣教对性健康影响的调查

性和谐是婚姻幸福的重要因素,妇女产后性健康是生殖健康的重要部分。在我国,受传统文化习俗等因素影响,产后性健康并未得到医务人员及妇女本身的关注,多数妇女不能正确地对待性问题,即使她们有性生理和性心理方面的问题需要寻求帮助时,也极少求医。因此,许多专家认为性医学是医学中重要而尚不完备的领域,产后有关性健康问题应得到     

全科医师如何做好妇女更年期保健

妇女更年期问题主要是由于雌激素的波动、下降和低雌激素血症所引起的健康问题。更年期妇女的健康问题不仅影响妇女本身，也涉及到家庭及整个社会，搞好妇女更年期保健，对妇女保健、每一个家庭的幸福和社会稳定都有很大意义。     

农村地区妇女“两癌筛查”项目实施中的问题与对策

宫颈癌与乳腺癌是我国妇女高发的恶性肿瘤，严重影响妇女健康。为降低宫颈癌与乳腺癌的发病率和死亡率，我国从2009年开始积极实施与推广“两癌筛查”项目，并于2016年全面铺开。本文基于对湖南省某市农村地区2016-2017年“两癌筛查”项目实施情况的实地调研，总结项目实施中的问题为：部分农村妇女缺乏“两癌”知识和社会支持，地理交通因素、筛查时间场所安排、对医疗机构的不信任影响妇女参与筛查，部分地区缺乏筛查氛围。提出采取村医参与发动、多重手段反复宣传刺激、当场告知筛查结果和及时回报后续结果、避免推荐非必要的后续服务等对策，以期为该项工作的开展发挥推动作用。     

对霉菌性阴道炎病因的探讨

霉菌性阴道炎是妇女多发病 ,影响着大多数妇女的健康。本文从女性的生理、性生活方式、卫生习惯以及其他社会因素等方面探讨导致霉菌性阴道炎致病因素 ,为进一步促进女性生殖健康提供了参考依据     

哈尔滨某医院辅助生殖技术对受术女性伦理伤害调查

目的：了解辅助生殖技术对受术女性产生伦理伤害的因素。方法：对20名实施辅助生殖技术的不孕女性以及30名自然受孕的女性进行问卷调查,问卷内容包括基本信息、夫妻家庭关系、医疗情况、社会支持和焦虑状态5个方面。结果：对实施辅助生殖技术的不孕女性产生伦理伤害的因素,包括技术本身、家庭经济情况、夫妻关系、女性在家庭中的地位、生育压力、生育知识的了解情况、心理健康以及社会给予的关注和支持等多方面。结论：辅助生殖技术在实施过程中对不孕女性的生理、心理、社会认知等方面产生极大的伤害,需要采取有效的调节方式,呼吁全社会来关注妇女的身心健康,保障妇女的权益,关爱女性的生命。     

更年期妇女生理、心理健康状况的调查及护理干预

更年期综合征是指妇女卵巢功能逐渐衰至完全消失的一个过度时期。在这一过程中，由于卵巢等功能的衰竭，引起丘脑-垂体-卵巢等内分泌轴的功能失调，从而出现阵发性潮热、出汗，心悸等植物神经功能紊乱的症状，并伴有抑郁、恐惧、焦虑等强反应。随着老龄化社会的到来，中国已有1／5的妇女进入更年期，妇女更年期又是生命周期从中年到老年过度的特殊时期，是人生阶段必然的过度和转折，使其身体、心理产生巨大变化。更年期妇女的健康问题不仅影响本身，也涉及到家庭及整个社会，搞好妇女更年期保健对妇女的身心健康，每一个家庭的幸福和社会的稳定都有重要意义。     

对霉菌性阴道炎病因的探讨

霉菌性阴道炎是妇女多发病,影响着大多数妇女的健康.本文从女性的生理、性生活方式、卫生习惯以及其他社会因素等方面探讨导致霉菌性阴道炎致病因素,为进一步促进女性生殖健康提供了参考依据.     

300例围绝经期妇女健康状况调查

围绝经期妇女是指围绕绝经前后的一段时期年龄在40～60岁的妇女。这期间卵巢功能从衰退至逐渐萎缩,由于内分泌的变化和心理、社会等因素的干扰,部分妇女可出现程     

社区妇女卫生保健服务的研究进展

妇女是社会重要组成成员,妇女健康对妇女自身、家庭及社会都有着重要的意义。妇女对妇女卫生保健服务的需求逐渐增加,但目前社区妇女卫生保健服务欠缺,是基层社区预防保健工作中较为薄弱的环节。本文通过系统整理近年来相关文献,对我国社区妇女卫生保健服务现状进行综述。结果显示：我国社区妇女卫生保健服务需求较高,而社区卫生服务机构利用率较低;社区卫生服务机构妇女卫生保健服务设置形式多样,而服务水平良莠不齐;社区已开展的妇女卫生保健服务内容较少,部分社区仅开展孕产妇保健服务,部分社区已经开展了社区更年期妇女卫生保健服务、常见病管理等。某些服务是否可以在其他地区推广、如何根据居民需求界定社区妇女卫生保健服务范畴等,尚需要进一步研究。     

浅谈计划生育中、晚期引产观察及心理护理

实行计划生育是我国的基本国策，人口与计划生育问题是我国可持续发展的关键问题，我们运用科学的方法来控制生育时间和密度，适应社会经济发展及人口按比例发展要求，保障妇女的生育健康和增进家庭幸福，护理是不可忽视的重要力量。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.