穿心莲内酯对大鼠辐射损伤防护的实验研究

目的 探讨中药穿心莲内酯对大鼠放射性损伤的防护作用.方法 将60只雄性sD大鼠随机分为健康对照组、模型组和中药组.中药组大鼠定期进行穿心莲内酯溶液(分为2个剂量组)灌胃,模型组大鼠给予生理盐水灌胃,健康对照组大鼠正常饮水.10 d后给予60Coγ射线一次性全身均匀照射,1、2和4 Gy.继续饲养1 d后,处死全部动物,取其肝脏,立即用4%多聚甲醛固定,常规制作石蜡切片,采用HE染色检测肝组织细胞形态学变化,TUNEL法染色检测不同组细胞凋亡情况.结果 健康对照组和模型组大鼠肝脏HE染色显示病变相似,随辐射剂量的增大,肝细胞水肿、肝窦扩张充血、炎性反应等组织损伤程度加重;TUNEL法检测肝细胞凋亡率无明显差别.同等剂量下,中药组大鼠HE染色病变较对照组和模型组轻,且肝细胞凋亡率显著降低(t=2.19～4.80,P<0.05).结论 穿心莲内酯对辐射损伤有一定的防护作用.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the effects of andrographolide(AP),extracted from the traditional Chinese herb Andrographlis paniculata(AP),on injury induced by radiation exposure.Methods Sixty male rats were randomly divided into 4 equal groups and irradiated with 60Co γ-rays at the doses of 1,2,and 4 Gy,respectively:low dose AP group(intragnstrically administered with AP at the dose of 100 ms/kg daily for 10 d before irradiation),and high dose AP group(intragastrically administered with AP at the dose of 200 ms/kg daily for 10 d before irradiation),model group(administered with the same volume of normal saline instead of AP for 10 d before irradiation),and control group(irradiated only at 3 different doses).One day after irradiation all rats were killed with their livers being fixed to make paraffin section.The morphological feature was observed under light microscope after HE staining,and the cell apoptosis was detected by TUNEL technology.Results Compared to the control and model groups,the pathological changes of liver were significantly gentler in the AP treatment groups.The apoptosis rates of the liver cells of all the AP sub-groups were significantly lower than those of the control and model subgroup(t=2.19-4.80.P<0.05).Conclusions AP might have prevention effect against radiation exposure.     

氮氧自由基R-1对人肝细胞L-02的辐射防护作用

Objcetive To investigate the protective effects of the nitroxides R-1 on human liver cells exposed to ionizing radiation.Methods Human liver cells L-02 were cultured and irradiated with 60Co γ-rays at the doses of 0,1,2,4,and 8 Gy,in order to screen the proper irradiation dose.WR2721 at the terminal concentration of 4 mmol/L was used as positive control.L-02 cells irradiated with 4 Gy were added with R-1 at the terminal concentration of 0.25 μmol/L at 30 min before irradiation or immediately after irradiation.MIT method was used to screen the proper conditions for follow-up experiment 72 h later.L-02 cell culture fluid was added with R-1 at the concentrations of 0,0.125,0.25,0.5,and 1 μmol/L,respectively for 30 min before irradiation at the doses of 0,1,2,4,and 8 Gy to ealculate clone formation rate at 10 d post-irradiation.L-02 cells were cultured and divided into 4 groups:control group without any treatment.drug group pretreated by 0.25 μmol/L R-1 only,irradiation group,irradiated at 4 Gy only,and drug + irradiation group with combination of 0.25 μmol/L R-01 and 4 Gy irradiation.The inverted microscopy and Hoechst 33258 staining and flow eytometry were used to observe the apoptosis of the cells at 24,48,and 72 h later.Results Nitroxides R-1 did not inhibit the viability of L-02 cell when its concentration was less than 1 μmol/L and it inhibited the L-02 cell growth when the concentration wu higher than 2 μmoL/L.The A value and colony formation rate of different concentration of R-1 groups were all higher than those of the irradiation group,and the effect of the 0.25 μmol/L drug concentration group was the most significant.Consequently,the concentration 0.25 μmoL/L was selected for follow-up experiment.Compared with the irradiation group,the L-02 cells of the pretreatment group showed solid adherence, increased refraction,clear outline,less apoptotic and dead cells at 4 Gy post-irradiation.Conclusions Nitroxides R-1 can protect the human liver cells from 60Coγ-ray induced injury effectively.The mechanism of its protective effect may be the reduction of apoptosis.     

安多霖对高功率微波辐射大鼠生精细胞凋亡的影响及机制研究

Objective To investigate the protection function of Anduolin (ADL) against exposure to high power microwave,and to probe the mechanism involved.Methods The SPF-class nude rats were randomly divided into ADL groups (Dose of 3,6 and 9 g/kg body weight),model group and control group.Rats in ADL groups were continuously ingested with ADL for 20 d.The rats in ADL groups and model group were exposed to high power microwave at average power density of 100 mW/cm2 for 10 min.Their testes were excised at 24 h,48 h and 5 d after exposure to microwave.Apoptosis of spormatogenic cells and the expression of Bax and Bcl-2 were detected with in situ end-labeling method and immuno-histochemistry method,respectively.Results At 24 h,48 h and 5 d after exposure to high power microwave,compared with control group,the counts of apoptotic spermatagenic cells in exposed model group were increased significantly (t=-41.89,-11.29 and -62.24,P＜0.05),while the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax in exposed group was decreased significantly( t=8.49,4.36 and 4.47,P＜0.05).At the same time,compared with the exposed group,the counts of apoptotie spormatogenic cells in 3,6,and 9 g/kg ADL groups were reduced significandy( F=5.25,9.79 and 15.35,P＜0.05),while the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax was enhanced significandy( F=20.17,11.75 and 11.98,P＜0.05).Conclusions The high power microwave could induce the apoptosis of spermatogenic cells.ADL protect the spermatogenic cells via the ratio Bel-2/Bax increasing.     

塞来昔布对人肺腺癌细胞株A549的放射增敏效应及细胞迁移力的影响

Objective To investigate the effects of radiosensitivity enhancement and inhibition of migration ability of human lung adenocarcinoma cells by celecoxib,a selective cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitor.Methods Human lung adenocarcinoma cells of the line A549 were cultured and then inoculated into six-well plates and randomly divided into 4 groups:control group,celecoxib group administered with celecoxib at the subtoxic doses 30 and 50 μmol/L,irradiated group exposed to 0,1,2,4,6,or 8 Gy by linear accelerator,and combined treatment (celecoxib + irradiation) group.The radiosensitizing effect of celecoxib was assessed by clonogenic cell survival test.The migration ability of the A549 cells was measured by scratch-wound test and the content of metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) in culture supernatant was detected with ELISA.Results The sensitization enhancement ratio of the celexib group was increased dosedependently.The values of D0 ,Dq,SF2 and D0.01 of the celecoxib + irradiation group were all significantly lower than those of the irradiated group.Scratch-wound test showed that the no-scratch area of the celecoxib + irradiation group and celecoxib group were all significantly wider than those of the mere irradiation and control groups and there was a dose-dependent manner,and the no-scratch area of the celecoxib + irradiation group was wlider than that of the celecoxib group.ELISA showed that the MMP-2 levels in the supernatant of the celecoxib group and celecoxib + irradiation group were respectively significantly lower than those of the control group and mere irradiated group (t = 3.78,5.79、3.15,P ＜ 0.05),however,there was not significant difference between the mere irradiation and control groups (t = 2.73,2.38,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Celecoxib enhances concentration-dependently the radiosensitivity of human lung carcinoma cell and inhibits the secretion of MMP-2 of the carcinoma cells,thus inhibiting their migration ability.     

整体和离体照射致大鼠淋巴细胞T细胞受体基因突变的一致性研究

Objective To observe the consistency of T-cell receptor (TCR) genes mutation in lymphocytes in rats after irradiation in vivo and in vitro.Methods A total of 48 female rats were randomly divided into 6 equal groups.Peripheral blood samples from them were collected to separate the lymphocytes and then irradiated to X-ray irradiation with the dose rate of 200 cGy/min at the doses of 0,0.5,0.75,1.0,2.0,and 3.0 Gy,respectively.Then all the lymphocyte samples were cultured for 7 days.Flow cytometry with direct immunofluorescence was used to detect the TCR gene mutation.The levels of TCR gene mutant frequency (TCRMF) of different groups were calculated.Results The TCRMF levels of different groups after irradiation in vivo and in vitro all displayed a dose-dependent manner and there were no significant differences in the TCRMF between different dose irradiation groups(t = -1.1-0.3 ,P ＞0.05).Conclusions A consistency of TCRMF after irradiation in vivo and in vitro is proven.The results of TCRMF of peripheral blood lymphocytes irradiated in vitro by flow cytometry can precisely reflect the TCR genes mutation after whole-body irradiation.     

安多霖对微波辐射致大鼠脑损伤的预防作用研究

Objective To study the prevention effects of AduoLa Fuzhenglin(ADL)Oll the brain injury induced by microwave radiation in rats.Methods A total of 140 male Wismr rats were divided randomly into 5 groups,including control group,microwave exposed group,low dosage(0.75 g·kg-1·d-1)group.middle dosage(1.5 g·kg-1·d-1)group and high dosage(3 g·kg-1·d-1)group.Rats in three ADL groups were lavaged with ADL per day for 2 weeks before radiation.After administration,rats were exposed to microwave at 30 mW/cm2 for 15 min.The abilities of learning and memory were detected by Morris water maze,and the contents of amino acids neurotransmitter of hippocampus were detected by HPLC, then the histology and uhrastrncture of hippocampus were observed with light and electron microscope at 6 h,7 and 14 d after exposure.Results The abilities of learning and memory were declined(F=0.000-0.043,P<0.05)from 6 h to 7 d after exposure,and the contents of four kinds of amino acid neurotransmitter in hippocampus were decreased,of which GLU,GLY and GABA were decreased significantly(F=0.000-0.007,P<0.01)at 6h after exposure,then tissue edema,neuronal degeneration,neuron mitoehondria swelling and cavitation,endocytoplasmie rotieulum broaden,synaptic cleft blurred,and perivascular space widen were found in the hippocampus at 6 h and 7 d after exposure.The changes in low dosage group were similar to those of the radiation group.However,in middle and high dosage groups,the abilities of learning and memory were normal to some extent with the significant differences compared to the radiation group from 6 h to 7 d after exposure(F=0.015-0.028.P<0.05).The contents of four kinds of amino acid neurotransmitter were not decreased,especially GLU contents close tO normal level.There were significant differences between middle and high dosage groups and radiation group at 6 h after exposure(F=0.000-0.042,P<0.05).Moreover,no obvious injury in the hippocampus was observed in middle and high dosage groups at 6 h and 7 d after exposure.Conclusions Exposure to 30 mW/cm2 microwave radiation could decrease the abilities of learning and memory,induce amino acid neurotransmitter turbulence,and injure the histology and uhrastructure of hippocampus.ADL at the dosages of 1.5 and 3 g·kg-1·d-1 would have preventive effects on the injury induced by microwave exposure.The concentration of 1.5 g·kg-1 ·d-1 of ADL might be the effective dosage to prevent the brain damage after microwave exposure.     

Studies on mechanism of treatment of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor,recombinant human interleukin-11 and recombinant human interleukin-2 on hematopoietic injuries induced by 4.5 Gy γ-rays irradiation in beagles

Objective To investigate the mechanism of treatment of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor(rhG-CSF),recombinant human interleukin-11(rhIL-11)and recombinant human interleukin-2 (rhIL-2)on hematopoietic injuries induced by 4.5 Gy60 Coγ-ray irradiation in beagles,and to provide experimental evidence for the clinical treatment of extremely severe myeloid acute radiation sickness (ARS).Methods Sixteen beagle dogs were given 4.5 Gy60 Co γ-ray total body irradiation(TBI),then randomly assigned into irradiation control group,supportive care group or cytokines+supportive care (abbreviated as cytokines)group.In addition to supportive care,rhG-CSF,rhlL-11 and rhIL-2 were administered subcutaneously to treat dogs in cytokines group.The percentage of CD34+cells,cell cycle and apoptosis of nucleated cells in peripheral blood were examined by Flow cytometry.Results After 4.5 Gy 60 Co γ-ray irradiation,the CD34+cells in peripheral blood declined obviously(61.3%and 52.1% of baseline for irradiation control and supportive care group separately).The cell proportion of nucleated cells in Go/G1 phase was increased notably(99.27% and 99.49% respectively).The rate of apoptosis(26.93% and 21.29% separately)and necrosis(3.27% and 4.14%,respectively)of nucleated cells were elevated significantly when compared with values before irradiation(P<0.05) 1 d post irradiation.When beagles were treated with cytokines and supportive care,the CD34+cells in peripheral blood were markedly increased(135.6% of baseline).The effect of G0/G1 phase blockage of nucleated cells became more serious(99.71%).The rate of apoptosis(5.66%)and necrosis(1.60%)of nucleated cells were significantly lower than that of irradiation control and supportive care groups 1 d after exposure.Conclusions Cytokines maybe mobilize CD34+cells in bone marrow to peripheral blood,indce cell cycle block at G0/G1 phase and reduce apoptosis,and eventually cure hematopoieticinjuries induced by irradiation.     

Studies on mechanism of treatment of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor,recombinant human interleukin-11 and recombinant human interleukin-2 on hematopoietic injuries induced by 4.5 Gy γ-rays irradiation in beagles

Objective To investigate the mechanism of treatment of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor(rhG-CSF),recombinant human interleukin-11(rhIL-11)and recombinant human interleukin-2 (rhIL-2)on hematopoietic injuries induced by 4.5 Gy60 Coγ-ray irradiation in beagles,and to provide experimental evidence for the clinical treatment of extremely severe myeloid acute radiation sickness (ARS).Methods Sixteen beagle dogs were given 4.5 Gy60 Co γ-ray total body irradiation(TBI),then randomly assigned into irradiation control group,supportive care group or cytokines+supportive care (abbreviated as cytokines)group.In addition to supportive care,rhG-CSF,rhlL-11 and rhIL-2 were administered subcutaneously to treat dogs in cytokines group.The percentage of CD34+cells,cell cycle and apoptosis of nucleated cells in peripheral blood were examined by Flow cytometry.Results After 4.5 Gy 60 Co γ-ray irradiation,the CD34+cells in peripheral blood declined obviously(61.3%and 52.1% of baseline for irradiation control and supportive care group separately).The cell proportion of nucleated cells in Go/G1 phase was increased notably(99.27% and 99.49% respectively).The rate of apoptosis(26.93% and 21.29% separately)and necrosis(3.27% and 4.14%,respectively)of nucleated cells were elevated significantly when compared with values before irradiation(P<0.05) 1 d post irradiation.When beagles were treated with cytokines and supportive care,the CD34+cells in peripheral blood were markedly increased(135.6% of baseline).The effect of G0/G1 phase blockage of nucleated cells became more serious(99.71%).The rate of apoptosis(5.66%)and necrosis(1.60%)of nucleated cells were significantly lower than that of irradiation control and supportive care groups 1 d after exposure.Conclusions Cytokines maybe mobilize CD34+cells in bone marrow to peripheral blood,indce cell cycle block at G0/G1 phase and reduce apoptosis,and eventually cure hematopoieticinjuries induced by irradiation.     

香兰素衍生物VND3207对小鼠骨髓细胞遗传损伤的防护效应研究

Objective To study the protection of vanillin derivative VND3207 on the cytogenetic damage of mouse bone marrow cell induced by ionizing radiation.Methods BALB/c mice were randomly divided into five groups:normal control group,2 Gy dose irradiation group,and three groups of 2 Gy irradiaiton with VND3207 protection at doses of 10,50 and 100 mg/kg,respectively.VND3207 was given by intragastric administration once a day for five days.Two hours after the last drug administration,the mice were irradiated with 2 Gy γ-rays.The changes of polychromatophilic erythroblasts micronuclei (MN),chromosome aberration (CA) and mitosis index (MI) of mouse bone marrow cells were observed at 24 and 48 h after irradiation.Results Under the protection of VND3207 at the dosages 10,50,100 mg/kg,the yields of poly-chromatophilic erythroblasts MN and CA of bone marrow cells were significantly decreased(t = 2.36-4.26,P ＜ 0.05),and the marrow cells MI remained much higher level compared with the irradiated mice without drug protection (t = 2.58,2.01,P ＜ 0.05).The radiological protection effect was drug dose-dependent,and the administration of VND3207 at the dosage of 100 mg/kg resulted in reduction by 50% and 65% in the yields of MN and CA,respectively.Conclusions VND3207 had a good protection effect of on γ-ray induced cytogentic damage of mouse bone marrow cells.     

慢性镉染毒及联合辐射对大鼠的基因毒性作用

目的 探讨慢性镉染毒及联合辐射对大鼠的基因毒性.方法 雄性SD大鼠分设空白对照组、0.1 mg CdCl2·kg-1·d-1低剂量镉染毒组、0.5 mg CdCl2·kg-1·d-1高剂量镉染毒组、单纯照射组、低剂量镉染毒+照射组和高剂量镉染毒+照射组.腹腔注射镉染毒连续8周,1次/d,然后给予2 Gy γ照射.于照射后第10天或受照即日后继续染镉4周,心脏取血,采用多核细胞法检测外周血淋巴细胞微核率和hprt基因突变率,同时检测外周血白细胞数量变化和血镉含量.结果 大鼠低剂量镉染毒8周和12周组未观察到外周血细胞损伤,而辐射诱导的微核率(F=26.74,P<0.01和F=14.13,P＜0.05)和hprt基因突变率(F=6.60,P＜0.05)显著降低;高剂量镉染毒8周和12周组与空白对照组比较,外周血白细胞数显著增高(F=8.74,P＜0.01和F=13.11,P=0.000),淋巴细胞微核率(F=26.74,P＜0.05和F=14.13,P=0.000)和hprt基因突变率(F=6.60,P＜0.05和F=12.83,P＜0.05)明显增加,而高剂量镉染毒+照射组的基因毒性又显著高于单纯高剂量镉染毒组或单纯照射组,表现出联合毒性效应.结论 慢性、低剂量镉染毒诱导外周血淋巴细胞对辐射产生适应性效应,血镉浓度增加到613～678 μg/L时能刺激白细胞显著增加并与辐射联合作用加重对淋巴细胞的基因毒性.

Abstract：

objective To investigate the effects of chronic cadmium exposure and cadmium exposure combined with γ-ray irradiation on the peripheral lymphocytes and their genotoxicity on hprt gene.Methods Ninety-six SD rats were randomly divided into 6 equal groups:①normal control group,②lowdose cadmium exposure group undergoing intraperitoneal injection of 0.1 mg CdCl2·kg-1·d-1 for 8 weeks,③high-dose cadmium exposure group undergoing intraperitoneal injection of 0.5 mg CdCl2·kg-1·d-1 for 8 weeks,④pure irradiation group exposed to whole-body γ-ray irradiation at the dose of 2 Gy for one time,⑤low-dose cadmium exposure combined with irradiation group undergoing intraperitoneal injection of 0.1 mg CdCl2·kg-1·d-1 for 8 weeks and then whole-body 2 Gy γ-ray irradiation,and ⑥high-dose cadmium exposure combined with whole-body 2 Gy γ-ray irradiation group undergoing intraperitoneal injection of 0.5 mg CdCl2·kg-1·d-1 for 8 weeks and then whole-body 2 Gy γ-ray irradiation.Ten days after the irradiation cardiac blood samples were collected from some of the rats to culture the peripheral lymphocytes to detect the micronucleus rate and hprt mutant frequency of lymphocytes bv multinucleated cell assay.The other rats underwent continuous Cd exposure for 4 weeks after γ-ray irradiation and then cardiac blood samples were collected to detect the micronucleus rate and hprt mutant frequencv of lymphocytes.Meanwhile,the amount of white blood cells(WBC)was counted and the blood cadmium concentration was measured by ICP-MS.Results The numbers of WBC in the peripheral blood at different time points of the high dose cadmium group were significantly higher than those of the normal control group(F=8.74.P<0.01 and F=13.11,P=0.000).The micronucleus rate at difierent time points of the pure irradiation group were significantly higher than those of the control group( F = 26. 74 ,P =0. 000 and F = 14. 13, P = 0. 000). The micronucleus rates of the high-dose cadmium group were significantly higher than those of the control group( F = 26. 74 ,P <0. 05 and F = 14. 13 ,P = 0. 000 ). The micronucleus rates of the low-dose cadmium + irradiation group were significantly lower than those of the pure irradiation group( F = 26. 74, P < 0. 01 and F = 14. 13, P < 0. 05 ). The micronucleus rates of the highdose cadmium + irradiation group were significantly higher than those of the pure irradiation group ( F =26.74,P =0. 000 and F = 14. 13 ,P =0. 000). The hprt mutation rates at different time points of the pure irradiation group were significantly higher than those of the normal control group( F = 6.60, P < 0. 01 and F = 12.83 ,P = 0. 001 ). The hprt mutation rates of the high-dose cadmium group were significantly higher than those of the control group ( F = 6. 60, P < 0. 05 and F = 12.83, P < 0.05 ), but not significantly different from those of the pure irradiation group. However, the hprt mutation rates of the high-dose cadmium + irradiation group were significantly higher than those of the pure irradiation ( F = 12. 83, P =0. 000) and high-dose cadmium group( F = 6.60,P < 0.05 and F = 12. 83, P < 0.05 ). The hprt mutation rates of the low-dose cadmium + irradiation group were significantly lower than those of the pure irradiation ( F = 6. 60, P < 0. 05 ) , but not significantly different from those of the control group. Conclusions Chronic exposure to low dose cadmium induces the adaptive response of lymphocytes to radiation. The cadmium in blood at the level of 613-678 μg/L induces leukocytosis and chronic exposure to high dose cadmium combined with irradiation leads to increased genotoxicity of lymphocytes.     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.