2006-2009年瓦房店市红沿河核电站周围居民恶性肿瘤死亡基线调查

目的 对红沿河核电站运行前瓦房店市居民恶性肿瘤死亡情况进行基线调查,为核电站的正常运行及核事故对健康影响的评价提供科学依据.方法 瓦房店市30个乡镇按照距离核电站0、10、20、30和40 km外分成5个调查区域进行分析,分析不同区域、不同性别、不同年龄恶性肿瘤的死亡分布.选取对辐射敏感的恶性肿瘤(白血病、乳腺癌和甲状...     

福清市2007—2009年居民恶性肿瘤发病与死亡特征调查

目的：调查福建省福清核电站核设施运行之前当地居民恶性肿瘤发病与死亡分布特征。方法：回顾性调查福清市2007—2009年居民恶性肿瘤发病与死亡,分析恶性肿瘤以及与核辐射相关的主要恶性肿瘤发病与死亡分布特征。结果：福清市2007—2009年居民恶性肿瘤发病率148.65/10万,死亡率114.96/10万;肝癌、胃癌、肺癌、食管癌和结直肠癌是前5位恶性肿瘤;白血病发病率3.77/10万,死亡率2.61/10万,甲状腺癌发病率6.95/10万,死亡率0.46/10万。结论：核电站运行之前,福清市恶性肿瘤以消化系肿瘤和肺癌为主;白血病发病率与死亡率低于全国平均水平,甲状腺癌发病率与死亡率高于全国平均水平。该地区应持续开展恶性肿瘤发病与死因监测,以评估核电站运行对人群健康的影响。     

甘肃某矿区周围居民恶性肿瘤死亡调查

目的 评价核设施在正常运行50年后对周围人群的健康影响.方法 调查甘肃某矿区周围30 km范围内居民2004-2008年人口资料、全部实体癌和白血病的死亡率.结果 调查地区居民2004-2008年全癌死亡率和标化死亡率分别为95.51/105和93.56/105,白血病死亡率和标化死亡率分别为2.44/105和2.22/105.对照区2004--2008年间恶性肿瘤死亡率和标化死亡率分别为106.88/105和89.31/105,白血病仅死亡1例,死亡率为3.56/105.结论 甘肃某矿区运行50年后,周围居民的恶性肿瘤和白血病死亡率未见增加,该矿区的生产和运行未对周围居民健康造成不良影响.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the cancer risk among the inhabitants around a certain nuclear facility of Gansu Province after operation for nearly 50 years.Methods Specially developed forms were filled by countryside doctors in the villages 30 km on the leeward or at the lower reaches of Yumen City,Gansu Province where a nuclear facility had operated for nearly 50 years,to register the relevant data of those who died of solid cancer and leukemia during the period from 1 January 2004 to 31 December 2008 based on the relevant data and household survey.A town 90 km away from the nuclear facility with 4181 people were regarded as control area.Results The crude mortality and standardized mortality rate(SMR) of cancer were 95.51×10-5 and 93.56×10-5.respectively.The crude mortality and SMR of leukemia were 2.44×10-05 and 2.22×10-05, respectively.and the crude mortality and SMR of cancer were 106.88×10-05, and 89.31×10-5, respectively.The crude mortality and SMR of leukemia were 2.44×10-05 and 2.22×10-5, respectively in the investigated area,and the crude mortality of leukemia was 3.56×10-5 (only one leukemia cage died)in the control area in the same time.The cancer and leukemia mortality rates of the investigated area were similar to those of control area.Conclusions Nuclear facility does not significantly increase the cancer mortality among the residents living nearby.     

甘肃某矿区周围居民恶性肿瘤死亡调查

Objective To evaluate the cancer risk among the inhabitants around a certain nuclear facility of Gansu Province after operation for nearly 50 years.Methods Specially developed forms were filled by countryside doctors in the villages 30 km on the leeward or at the lower reaches of Yumen City,Gansu Province where a nuclear facility had operated for nearly 50 years,to register the relevant data of those who died of solid cancer and leukemia during the period from 1 January 2004 to 31 December 2008 based on the relevant data and household survey.A town 90 km away from the nuclear facility with 4181 people were regarded as control area.Results The crude mortality and standardized mortality rate(SMR) of cancer were 95.51×10-5 and 93.56×10-5.respectively.The crude mortality and SMR of leukemia were 2.44×10-05 and 2.22×10-05, respectively.and the crude mortality and SMR of cancer were 106.88×10-05, and 89.31×10-5, respectively.The crude mortality and SMR of leukemia were 2.44×10-05 and 2.22×10-5, respectively in the investigated area,and the crude mortality of leukemia was 3.56×10-5 (only one leukemia cage died)in the control area in the same time.The cancer and leukemia mortality rates of the investigated area were similar to those of control area.Conclusions Nuclear facility does not significantly increase the cancer mortality among the residents living nearby.     

田湾核电站周围居民核电站认知调查

目的 调查核电站周围公众对核电站的认知和态度,了解影响公众对核电站认知和态度的因素。方法 按照居住地距连港市田湾核电站的距离,将调查对象分为4层:0km～, 4km～, 8km～和 30km～50km。用问卷调查的方式调查了田湾核电站周围50km内的常住居民共计1408人。调查问卷共37个问题,包括个人基本情况、对辐射相关知识的了解、对常见工业设施和核电站的环境影响评价、对核电站的认知和态度及其影响因素等信息。用ordinal logistic模型进行多因素回归分析。结果 调查对象中91.18%的人听说过核电站,35.36%的人对切尔诺贝利核电站事故有所了解,71.05%的人认为核电站对环境没有负面影响,37.03%的人认为核电站是安全的,74.27%的人认为我国有必要发展核电站,63.29%的人支持当地发展核电站。回归分析表明:受教育程度高、男性、认为当地政府处理突发事件能力强、家庭年收入高、认为本地区建核电站对自己有经济好处是影响调查对象对核电站认知和态度的正向因素,而认为核电站对环境有影响和担心核电站对健康有影响是负向因素。调查对象对核电站的负向态度(否定或不支持)与距离核电站的距离的关系曲线呈右侧拖尾倒置"U"型。结论 受教育程度、性别、家庭年收入和预期经济回报等是影响公众对核电站认知和态度的主要因素,为了提高公众对核电的接受性,需要针对重点人群和主要影响因素做更多工作。     

广东高本底地区居民恶性肿瘤死亡调查

为提高高本底地区居民恶性肿癌死亡调查的置信度, 1981～1983年的工作仍按计划进行。1970～1983年间高本底地区累积有764, 696人·年, 对照地区777, 482人·年; 恶性肿瘤死亡相应为326及412人, 恶性肿瘤调整死亡率分别为44.60×l0^-5和51.00×l0^-5, 经统计学处理, 未见有显著性差异(P>0.05)。就个别肿窟类型而论, 高本底地区女性的食管癌和女性的肿瘤合计, 明显低于对照地区(P<0.05), 女性的其它癌癌也非常显著地低于对照地区(P<0·01)。文中扼要地介绍了调查程序, 调查方法和调查的主要结果。就恶性肿癌死亡阶段检出率及恶性肿瘤的误诊和漏诊等问题进行对比分析讨论。本文为阶段性调查结果。     

齐齐哈尔市北三区2008～2010年居民恶性肿瘤死亡状况分析

目的:了解2008～2010年齐齐哈尔市北三区恶性肿瘤死亡状况及变化趋势,为防控恶性肿瘤提供科学依据。方法:采用流行病学描述方法对2008～2010年齐齐哈尔市北三区恶性肿瘤死亡资料进行统计分析。结果:齐齐哈尔市北三区恶性肿瘤平均死亡率182.74/10万,标化死亡率135.16/10万。恶性肿瘤死亡率呈现上升趋势。肺癌是北三区恶性肿瘤的首要死因。除乳腺癌、宫颈癌外死亡率均男性高于女性。结论:恶性肿瘤已成为齐齐哈尔市北三区人群生命及生活质量的最大危害,应积极采取措施有效地降低恶性肿瘤死亡率,延长人群寿命。     

齐齐哈尔市北三区2008～2010年居民恶性肿瘤死亡状况分析

目的:了解2008～2010年齐齐哈尔市北三区恶性肿瘤死亡状况及变化趋势,为防控恶性肿瘤提供科学依据.方法:采用流行病学描述方法对2008～2010年齐齐哈尔市北三区恶性肿瘤死亡资料进行统计分析.结果:齐齐哈尔市北三区恶性肿瘤平均死亡率182.74/10万,标化死亡率135.16/10万.恶性肿瘤死亡率呈现上升趋势.肺癌是北三区恶性肿瘤的首要死因.除乳腺癌、宫颈癌外死亡率均男性高于女性.结论:恶性肿瘤已成为齐齐哈尔市北三区人群生命及生活质量的最大危害,应积极采取措施有效地降低恶性肿瘤死亡率,延长人群寿命.     

红沿河核电站正常运行前毗邻地区围生期出生缺陷基线情况分析

目的 了解红沿河核电站正常运行前毗邻地区围生期出生缺陷情况,为核电站运行后评价核电站对围生期出生缺陷的影响提供科学的背景资料.方法 对1995年10月-2009年9月红沿河核电站50 km范围内怀孕28周至产后7 d的出生缺陷资料描述性分析.结果 1995年10月-2009年9月出生缺陷总人数为697人,产妇为83 779人,缺陷平均发生率为83.20/104.各年出生缺陷率差异有统计学意义(r2=39.54,P<0.05).各调查区出生缺陷率差异有统计学意义(X2=15.36,P<0.05).1996-2009年发生出生缺陷的前5位疾病依次为先天性心脏病(148例)、唇裂合并腭裂(67例)、先天性脑积水(63例)、脊柱裂(37例)和唇裂(36例).结论 调查地区的出生缺陷率低于辽宁省和全国的围生期出生缺陷率.出生缺陷疾病的构成及顺位同辽宁省和全国的调查结果基本一致.

Abstract：

Objective To understand the status of birth defectB among the perinatal infants in the areas contiguous to Hongyanhe nuclear power plant before its normal operation,so as to provide background information for the evaluation of the impact of nuclear power plant on birth defects.Methods From 1 October 1995 to 30 September 2009 the midwifery units at second class and above of Wafangdian City were asked to be in charge of recording the birth defects among the perinatal infants born during this period witllin the range of 50 km around the Hongyanhe nuclear power plant.ResuIts The total number of birth defects was 697.and the maternal number Was 83 779.The average defect rate Was 83.20/106.There were significant differences in the birth defect rate among different years(X2=39.54,P<0.05),however,without lineartrend therein,and among the survey areas(X2＝15.36,P<0.05)as well.The top five birth defects were congenital heart disease(148 cases),cleft lip with cleft palate(67 cases),congenital hydrocephalus(63 cases),and spina bifida(37 cases)and cleft lip(36 cases).Conclusions The birth defect rate within the range of 50 km around the Hongyanhe nuclear power plant is lower than that of the region of Liaoning Province and the national rate of birth defects.     

红沿河核电站正常运行前毗邻地区围生期出生缺陷基线情况分析

Objective To understand the status of birth defectB among the perinatal infants in the areas contiguous to Hongyanhe nuclear power plant before its normal operation,so as to provide background information for the evaluation of the impact of nuclear power plant on birth defects.Methods From 1 October 1995 to 30 September 2009 the midwifery units at second class and above of Wafangdian City were asked to be in charge of recording the birth defects among the perinatal infants born during this period witllin the range of 50 km around the Hongyanhe nuclear power plant.ResuIts The total number of birth defects was 697.and the maternal number Was 83 779.The average defect rate Was 83.20/106.There were significant differences in the birth defect rate among different years(X2=39.54,P<0.05),however,without lineartrend therein,and among the survey areas(X2＝15.36,P<0.05)as well.The top five birth defects were congenital heart disease(148 cases),cleft lip with cleft palate(67 cases),congenital hydrocephalus(63 cases),and spina bifida(37 cases)and cleft lip(36 cases).Conclusions The birth defect rate within the range of 50 km around the Hongyanhe nuclear power plant is lower than that of the region of Liaoning Province and the national rate of birth defects.     

2013—2020年辽宁红沿河核电站周围地区的食品放射性水平及公众内照射剂量研究

目的 评价辽宁红沿河核电站运行后对周边地区食品放射性水平的影响。方法 通过对2013年至2020年核电站运行期间周边30 km范围内食品放射性水平的分析,对比核电站运行前后及对照点的放射性水平,评估核电站的运行对当地食品放射性水平的影响。结果 当地食品中未发现¹³¹I、¹³⁴Cs、⁶⁰Co、⁵⁸Co、¹¹⁰Ag^m等人工放射性核素,天然放射性核素²³⁸U、²²⁶Ra、²³²Th、⁴⁰K均在正常本底水平,平均值分别为（0.088±0.053）、（0.155±0.178）、（0.314±0.388）和（81.3±18.1） Bq/kg （鲜重）。食品样品中人工放射性¹³⁷Cs活度浓度平均值为（0.013±0.010） Bq/kg （鲜重）。与对照点及运行前水平比较,放射性核素水平未见增加。结论 红沿河核电站的运行未对周边食品放射性水平带来影响。     

红沿河核电站运行前周边地区放射性水平及所致居民剂量

目的 调查辽宁红沿河核电站运行前周边地区食品和饮用水以及环境放射性本底水平。方法 监测核电站周边30 km范围内12个采样点的食品、饮用水、土壤中γ核素浓度和2个采样点的沉降灰、气溶胶放射性水平以及地表天然γ辐射水平,并估算当地居民由膳食摄入所致内照射剂量。结果 当地食品中的放射性核素主要为天然核素²³⁸U、²²⁶Ra、²³²Th、⁴⁰K以及人工核素¹³⁷Cs,其中食品中 ¹³⁷Cs平均活度水平（0.029±0.043）Bq/kg。饮用水中总α放射性水平（0.07±0.06）Bq/L,总β放射性水平为（0.32±0.35）Bq/L,沉降灰总β放射性水平（0.40±0.14）Bq·m^-2·d^-1,气溶胶样品中未发现人工核素,周边地区土壤中¹³⁷Cs平均活度为（2.16 ± 1.37）Bq/kg。结论 核电站周边地区采集的食品中除微量¹³⁷Cs外,未见其他人工γ核素,食品和饮用水中放射性核素水平均低于国家标准限值,沉降灰及气溶胶放射性水平在正常本底范围,居民由食入人工核素¹³⁷Cs所致年有效剂量为0.18 μSv/年。     

三门核电站周围环境2015—2019年辐射水平调查结果与分析

目的 调查三门核电站周围环境辐射累积剂量水平及周边海水海产品中¹³⁷Cs含量。方法 2015—2019年，在三门县境内设置60个监测点，监测环境辐射累积剂量；以核电厂排水口为起点，5 km范围内设置6个监测点采集海水，测定海水中¹³⁷Cs；采集核电站周围海域的当地居民经常食用的紫菜、带鱼、鲻鱼，测定海产品中¹³⁷Cs。结果 2015—2019年，核电站周围环境辐射累积剂量范围为0.321~0.411 mSv；5 km范围内海水中¹³⁷Cs活度浓度范围为0.579~2.119 mBq/L；附近海域紫菜、带鱼、鲻鱼中¹³⁷Cs的活度浓度范围分别为0.498~0.672、0.399~0.493、0.267~0.371 Bq/kg，均低于《食品中放射性物质限制浓度标准》（GB 14882-94）指导值。结论 三门核电站周围环境辐射累积剂量及周边海水海产品中¹³⁷Cs的浓度处于本底水平。     

2013—2017年宁德核电站周围食品中90Sr放射性水平调查

目的 了解宁德核电站运行后核电站周围监测点区域内放射性核素⁹⁰Sr放射性水平,并与其对照区域⁹⁰Sr放射性水平进行比较。方法 在宁德核电站周边30 km范围内的监测点区域及其对照点区域进行布点,采集食品样品,利用二-（2-乙基已基）磷酸脂萃取色层法对食品样品中⁹⁰Sr放射性水平进行分析。结果 本次调查共完成宁德核电站周围监测区域及对照区域的6大类,30个品种的食品样品中⁹⁰Sr放射性水平的分析。监测区域内,谷类薯类及杂豆类样品中⁹⁰Sr的放射性比活度范围为0.017~1.830 Bq/kg,蔬菜类样品为0.021~0.318 Bq/kg,水产品类样品为0.007~7.690 Bq/kg,畜禽肉类样品为0.009~0.184 Bq/kg。对照区域内,谷类薯类及杂豆类样品中⁹⁰Sr含量测量范围为0.017~0.700 Bq/kg,蔬菜类为0.034~0.677 Bq/kg,水产品类为0.038~3.360 Bq/kg,畜禽肉类为0.019~0.054 Bq/kg。结论 本次调查的食品中⁹⁰Sr放射性水平均远低于我国食品标准限值,食入所致的居民内照射剂量对公众剂量的贡献极低。     

Nonterrorist suicides using hand grenades on the territory of the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, Serbia, from 1990 to 2009

Suicides using hand grenades are very rare. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the cases of nonterrorist suicides using hand grenades according to the number of cases per year, sex, age categories, season of the year, day of the week, ethanol blood level, type of hand grenade, pattern of injuries, risk factors, and suicide place over a 20-year period, from 1990 to 2009 in Vojvodina, Serbia. The total number of the cases in this period was 81, with the highest number of cases in 1997 and 2002. Twelwe victims were part of six double suicides, where one grenade was used to commit suicide to both victims. The results highlighted male predominance of the victims, sober state, the use of military hand grenades (M75 and M52 type), posttraumatic stress disorder due to participation in military clashes as the main risk factor, and countryside as the place of suicide.