99Tc-亚甲基二膦酸盐对胶原诱导性关节炎大鼠滑膜及软骨凋亡相关因子的影响

Objective Collagen induced arthritis (CIA) rats is an animal model of human rheuma-toid arthritis (RA). It is widely used in research of the pathogenesis and the therapeutic targets of RA. This paper was to investigate the therapeutic action of 99Tc-methylene diphosphonic acid (MDP) on CIA rats and its effects on the expression of apoptosis associated factor bcl-2 and bax in synoviocytes and articular chon-drocytes. Methods CIA rat models were carried out by subcutaneous injection with bovine collagen Ⅱ and incomplete Freud's adjuvant. Rats were divided into four groups: control group, CIA model group (the CIA rats were infused with physiological saline via tail vein daily), 99Tc-MDP group (the C1A rats were injected with 99Tc-Mi)P 0.04 μg 99Tc/kg via tail vein daily) and methotrexate (MTX) group (the CIA rats were in-jected with MTX 1 mg/kg via tail vein weekly). The signs of arthritis were evaluated by arthritis index (AI) scores. Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect the expression of bcl-2 and bax in synoviocytes and articular chondrocytes. SPSS 13.0 was used for data analysis. Results (1) The signs of arthritis, AI scores and pathological changes of arthrosynovitis in CIA rats were significantly improved by 99Tc-MDP orMTX. (2) The expression of bcl-2 and box in the synoviocytes of CIA model group [(39.30 ± 0.53) %, (27.37 ±2.45)%] was significantly increased compared with control group [(7.56 ± 1. 18)% , (6.14 ± 1.71) % ; q = 46.27, 24.57, all P < 0.001]. In the synovioeytes of 99Tc-M DP group and MTX group, the level of bcl-2 was remarkably decreased [(30.24 ± 2.09) %, (27.25 ± 3.33) %] compared with CIA model group (q = 13.20, 17.56, all P <0.001), while the level of bax was slightly increased and the ratio of bcl-2/bax was significantly decreased. (3)The expression level of bcl-2 and bax in the articular chondro-cytes of CIA model group [(20.20 ± 2.78) %, (36.40 ± 1.67) %] was significantly higher than control group [(9.91±4.09)%, (6.71 ±3.50)%; q=10.51, 37.01, allP<0.001]. Compared with CIA model group, the expression level of bcl-2 in articular chondrocytes of 99Tc-MDP group [(26. 58 ± 2. 52) %] and MTX group [(27.06 ± 1.92) %] was remarksbly increased [(24.26 ± 2.75) %, (23.53 ± 0.74) % ; q = 6.53, 7.01, all P < 0.001]. And the expression level of bax was significantly decread (q = 15.12, 16.04, all P <0. 001) and the ratio of bcl-2/bax was significantly increased. Conclusions The ab-normal expression of apoptosis associated factor bcl-2 and bax in synoviocytes and articular chondrocytes was closely related to the occurrence and progression of signs in CIA rats. 99Tc-MDP could improve the signs of arthritis, meanwhile regulate the expression of bcl-2 and bax in synoviocytes and articular ehondrocytes, suggesting that one of the therapeutic mechanisms of 99Tc-MDP might be related to stimulated synoviocytes apoptosis and reduced articular chondrocytes apoptosis.     

99Tc-亚甲基二膦酸盐对胶原诱导性关节炎大鼠滑膜及软骨凋亡相关因子的影响

Objective Collagen induced arthritis (CIA) rats is an animal model of human rheuma-toid arthritis (RA). It is widely used in research of the pathogenesis and the therapeutic targets of RA. This paper was to investigate the therapeutic action of 99Tc-methylene diphosphonic acid (MDP) on CIA rats and its effects on the expression of apoptosis associated factor bcl-2 and bax in synoviocytes and articular chon-drocytes. Methods CIA rat models were carried out by subcutaneous injection with bovine collagen Ⅱ and incomplete Freud's adjuvant. Rats were divided into four groups: control group, CIA model group (the CIA rats were infused with physiological saline via tail vein daily), 99Tc-MDP group (the C1A rats were injected with 99Tc-Mi)P 0.04 μg 99Tc/kg via tail vein daily) and methotrexate (MTX) group (the CIA rats were in-jected with MTX 1 mg/kg via tail vein weekly). The signs of arthritis were evaluated by arthritis index (AI) scores. Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect the expression of bcl-2 and bax in synoviocytes and articular chondrocytes. SPSS 13.0 was used for data analysis. Results (1) The signs of arthritis, AI scores and pathological changes of arthrosynovitis in CIA rats were significantly improved by 99Tc-MDP orMTX. (2) The expression of bcl-2 and box in the synoviocytes of CIA model group [(39.30 ± 0.53) %, (27.37 ±2.45)%] was significantly increased compared with control group [(7.56 ± 1. 18)% , (6.14 ± 1.71) % ; q = 46.27, 24.57, all P < 0.001]. In the synovioeytes of 99Tc-M DP group and MTX group, the level of bcl-2 was remarkably decreased [(30.24 ± 2.09) %, (27.25 ± 3.33) %] compared with CIA model group (q = 13.20, 17.56, all P <0.001), while the level of bax was slightly increased and the ratio of bcl-2/bax was significantly decreased. (3)The expression level of bcl-2 and bax in the articular chondro-cytes of CIA model group [(20.20 ± 2.78) %, (36.40 ± 1.67) %] was significantly higher than control group [(9.91±4.09)%, (6.71 ±3.50)%; q=10.51, 37.01, allP<0.001]. Compared with CIA model group, the expression level of bcl-2 in articular chondrocytes of 99Tc-MDP group [(26. 58 ± 2. 52) %] and MTX group [(27.06 ± 1.92) %] was remarksbly increased [(24.26 ± 2.75) %, (23.53 ± 0.74) % ; q = 6.53, 7.01, all P < 0.001]. And the expression level of bax was significantly decread (q = 15.12, 16.04, all P <0. 001) and the ratio of bcl-2/bax was significantly increased. Conclusions The ab-normal expression of apoptosis associated factor bcl-2 and bax in synoviocytes and articular chondrocytes was closely related to the occurrence and progression of signs in CIA rats. 99Tc-MDP could improve the signs of arthritis, meanwhile regulate the expression of bcl-2 and bax in synoviocytes and articular ehondrocytes, suggesting that one of the therapeutic mechanisms of 99Tc-MDP might be related to stimulated synoviocytes apoptosis and reduced articular chondrocytes apoptosis.     

99Tc-亚甲基二膦酸盐对胶原诱导性关节炎大鼠滑膜及软骨凋亡相关因子的影响

Objective Collagen induced arthritis (CIA) rats is an animal model of human rheuma-toid arthritis (RA). It is widely used in research of the pathogenesis and the therapeutic targets of RA. This paper was to investigate the therapeutic action of 99Tc-methylene diphosphonic acid (MDP) on CIA rats and its effects on the expression of apoptosis associated factor bcl-2 and bax in synoviocytes and articular chon-drocytes. Methods CIA rat models were carried out by subcutaneous injection with bovine collagen Ⅱ and incomplete Freud's adjuvant. Rats were divided into four groups: control group, CIA model group (the CIA rats were infused with physiological saline via tail vein daily), 99Tc-MDP group (the C1A rats were injected with 99Tc-Mi)P 0.04 μg 99Tc/kg via tail vein daily) and methotrexate (MTX) group (the CIA rats were in-jected with MTX 1 mg/kg via tail vein weekly). The signs of arthritis were evaluated by arthritis index (AI) scores. Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect the expression of bcl-2 and bax in synoviocytes and articular chondrocytes. SPSS 13.0 was used for data analysis. Results (1) The signs of arthritis, AI scores and pathological changes of arthrosynovitis in CIA rats were significantly improved by 99Tc-MDP orMTX. (2) The expression of bcl-2 and box in the synoviocytes of CIA model group [(39.30 ± 0.53) %, (27.37 ±2.45)%] was significantly increased compared with control group [(7.56 ± 1. 18)% , (6.14 ± 1.71) % ; q = 46.27, 24.57, all P < 0.001]. In the synovioeytes of 99Tc-M DP group and MTX group, the level of bcl-2 was remarkably decreased [(30.24 ± 2.09) %, (27.25 ± 3.33) %] compared with CIA model group (q = 13.20, 17.56, all P <0.001), while the level of bax was slightly increased and the ratio of bcl-2/bax was significantly decreased. (3)The expression level of bcl-2 and bax in the articular chondro-cytes of CIA model group [(20.20 ± 2.78) %, (36.40 ± 1.67) %] was significantly higher than control group [(9.91±4.09)%, (6.71 ±3.50)%; q=10.51, 37.01, allP<0.001]. Compared with CIA model group, the expression level of bcl-2 in articular chondrocytes of 99Tc-MDP group [(26. 58 ± 2. 52) %] and MTX group [(27.06 ± 1.92) %] was remarksbly increased [(24.26 ± 2.75) %, (23.53 ± 0.74) % ; q = 6.53, 7.01, all P < 0.001]. And the expression level of bax was significantly decread (q = 15.12, 16.04, all P <0. 001) and the ratio of bcl-2/bax was significantly increased. Conclusions The ab-normal expression of apoptosis associated factor bcl-2 and bax in synoviocytes and articular chondrocytes was closely related to the occurrence and progression of signs in CIA rats. 99Tc-MDP could improve the signs of arthritis, meanwhile regulate the expression of bcl-2 and bax in synoviocytes and articular ehondrocytes, suggesting that one of the therapeutic mechanisms of 99Tc-MDP might be related to stimulated synoviocytes apoptosis and reduced articular chondrocytes apoptosis.     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.