乳腺MRI在X线检查乳腺阴性腋淋巴结转移癌阳性患者中的应用价值

目的 探讨乳腺MR检查对临床乳腺触诊和X线检查均为阴性的腋淋巴结转移癌患者寻找其乳腺内原发病灶的应用价值.方法 分析33例以腋淋巴结转移癌为首诊表现(临床乳腺触诊和X线检查均为阴性)患者的乳腺MR影像资料,依据美国放射学会的乳腺影像报告和数据系统MRI标准对所有病变进行分析,并将MRI诊断结果与病理进行对照.结果 33例腋淋巴结转移癌患者中,30例临床行乳腺根治术,其中17例经病理证实为乳腺癌,乳腺MRI检出其中的16例,包括10例肿块性病变和6例非肿块性病变,肿块性病变直径0.5～2.6 cm(平均1.5 cm),直径≤1.5 cm者6例;非肿块性病变包括4例导管性强化和2例段性强化;另1例病理切片发现乳腺癌但乳腺MRI为阴性.其余13例行乳腺根治术患者病理检查未发现乳腺癌灶,其中9例乳腺MRI亦呈阴性表现,另4例MRI提示可疑癌灶.余3例临床未行手术治疗的患者,乳腺MRI亦为阴性.以病理诊断为金标准,MR检出乳腺原发癌灶的敏感度、特异度和准确度分别为94.1%、69.2%和83.3%.结论 相对于一般乳腺癌而言,隐匿性乳腺癌MRI表现更以小灶性的肿块性病变和导管或段性强化的非肿块性病变为常见表现类型.乳腺MR检查对隐匿性乳腺癌的检出具有较高的敏感度和准确度,应作为这类患者的常规检查手段.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the role of breast MRI in detecting the primary malignancy in patients presenting solely with axillary lymph node metastases. Methods Thirty-three patients with axillary lynph node metastases but negative findings on either physical examination or mammography underwent breast MRI to identify occult breast carcinoma. MRI of the breast was assessed according to BI-RADS criteria. The pathologic diagnosis was made according to the standard criteria by the WHO Classification of Tumor. Results Among 33 patients presenting solely with axillary metastases, 30 patients underwent modified radical mastectomy. Primary breast carcinoma was proven in 17 patients. MRI detected lesions in 16 patients, including 10 masses and 6 non-mass lesions. Size of the masses ranged from 0. 5 to 2. 6 cm (mean 1.5 cm). Six lesions were smaller than 1.5 cm in size. Non-mass lesions showed ductal enhancement in 4 cases and segmental enhancement in 2 cases. One patient with tumor detected by histopathology showed no abnormal enhancement on MRI. No tumor was found at mastectomy in the other 13 womeu, and negative MR findings were revealed in 9. Four cases with suspicious enhancement on MRI had no corresponding primary foci on pathology. Three patients didn't undergo surgical procedure. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of MRI in the diagnosis of the primary malignancy were 94. 1%,69. 2%, and 83.3%, respectively. Conclusions Small size of mass and ductal or segmental enhancement of non-mass lesion were common MR features of occult malignancy. MRI showed high sensitivity and accuracy in diagnosing occult breast carcinoma. Breast MRI should be taken in search of occult malignancy in patients with axillary metastases.     

乳腺MRI在X线检查乳腺阴性腋淋巴结转移癌阳性患者中的应用价值

目的 探讨乳腺MR检查对临床乳腺触诊和X线检查均为阴性的腋淋巴结转移癌患者寻找其乳腺内原发病灶的应用价值.方法 分析33例以腋淋巴结转移癌为首诊表现(临床乳腺触诊和X线检查均为阴性)患者的乳腺MR影像资料,依据美国放射学会的乳腺影像报告和数据系统MRI标准对所有病变进行分析,并将MRI诊断结果与病理进行对照.结果 33例腋淋巴结转移癌患者中,30例临床行乳腺根治术,其中17例经病理证实为乳腺癌,乳腺MRI检出其中的16例,包括10例肿块性病变和6例非肿块性病变,肿块性病变直径0.5～2.6 cm(平均1.5 cm),直径≤1.5 cm者6例;非肿块性病变包括4例导管性强化和2例段性强化;另1例病理切片发现乳腺癌但乳腺MRI为阴性.其余13例行乳腺根治术患者病理检查未发现乳腺癌灶,其中9例乳腺MRI亦呈阴性表现,另4例MRI提示可疑癌灶.余3例临床未行手术治疗的患者,乳腺MRI亦为阴性.以病理诊断为金标准,MR检出乳腺原发癌灶的敏感度、特异度和准确度分别为94.1%、69.2%和83.3%.结论 相对于一般乳腺癌而言,隐匿性乳腺癌MRI表现更以小灶性的肿块性病变和导管或段性强化的非肿块性病变为常见表现类型.乳腺MR检查对隐匿性乳腺癌的检出具有较高的敏感度和准确度,应作为这类患者的常规检查手段.     

MRI在乳腺癌腋窝前哨淋巴结转移的诊断价值

【摘要】目的：探讨MRI在乳腺癌腋窝前哨淋巴结（SLN）转移中的诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析2015年1月-2017年6月在我院就诊的85例乳腺癌患者的临床资料及MRI影像学资料。采用秩和检验比较MRI检查和美兰示踪法检出SLB的数目、采用Spearman分析两种方法检出SLB的相关性,评估MRI诊断乳腺癌腋窝前哨淋巴结转移的敏感性、特异性和准确度。结果：85例患者,MRI检查定位145枚M-SLN,美兰示踪定位167枚D-SLN,两种方法检出的SLB的数目比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,但两种方法存在明显相关性（Rs=0.773,P＜0.05）。MRI诊断M-SLN阳性92枚,阴性53枚,良恶性淋巴结的形态大小（长/短径）、淋巴门是否存在、周围脂肪间隙、DWI信号和ADC值、强化程度等方面的差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。MRI诊断乳腺癌腋窝前哨淋巴结转移的灵敏度为95.8%（91/95）,特异度为98.0%（49/50）,准确度为96.6%（140/145）。结论：MRI具有无辐射、软组织对比好、安全性高等优点,诊断乳腺癌腋窝前哨淋巴结转移的准确度较高,可成为临床专科医师术前常规检查方法。     

乳腺MRI检查对乳腺X线摄影中腺体结构扭曲的诊断价值

【摘要】目的：探讨乳腺MRI检查对乳腺X线摄影中结构扭曲表现的诊断价值。方法：搜集2014年1月1日-2015年3月10日本院行乳腺X线摄影检查患者的相关临床、影像及病理资料,连续性纳入乳腺X线摄影诊断为腺体结构扭曲且术前行乳腺MRI检查的患者,排除病变部位有既往外伤或手术史的患者。最终入组32例病例,其中22例单纯结构扭曲,10例合并微钙化、局灶不对称致密或肿块等征象。分别分析X线摄影腺体结构扭曲伴有其他征象者、单纯性结构扭曲者的阳性预测值（PPV）及进一步MRI检查对诊断效能的影响。结果：乳腺X线摄影表现为腺体结构扭曲且有伴随征象者,PPV为66.7%（8/12）,进一步MRI检查减少30%的假阳性诊断;表现为单纯结构扭曲者,PPV为9.1%（2/22）,进一步MRI检查减少86.4%的假阳性诊断;未发现MRI漏诊病例。结论：对于乳腺X线摄影表现为单纯腺体结构扭曲者,进一步MRI检查能够显著提高PPV。     

乳腺癌的MRI间接征象与淋巴结转移相关性

【摘要】目的：探讨乳腺癌MRI间接征象与腋窝淋巴结转移的关系。方法：回顾性分析230例乳腺癌的MRI间接征象及间接征象的个数，术后腋窝淋巴结转移情况，根据淋巴结转移个数的多少分为pN0、pN1、pN2、pN3 4组。分析乳腺癌MRI间接征象及个数与N病理分期中淋巴结转移的关系，用Kruskal-Wallis秩和检验，P＜0.05有统计学意义。结果：230例乳腺癌间接征象共442个，分别为水肿101例、血管增多152例、皮肤增厚及凹陷61例、乳头回缩69例、漏斗征16例、大导管征29例、彗星尾征4例、胸大肌受浸10例。pN0组乳腺癌有121例，间接征象191个；pN1 56例，间接征象109个；pN2 27例，间接征象65个；pN3 26例，间接征象77个。pN0-pN3 4组中乳腺癌MRI间接征象总体分布不等，Hc=20.09，P＜0.010；pN0-pN3 4组中间接征象个数总体分布不等，统计结果Hc=26.41，P＜0.005。结论:乳腺癌皮肤增厚凹陷、乳头凹陷及间接征象个数的多少对预测腋窝淋巴结转移有临床价值。     

MRI评价乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结转移的价值

目的：探讨 MRI评估乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结转移的应用价值。方法对60例乳腺癌患者进行术前 MRI检查,评价乳腺内肿瘤最大径、瘤体最大信号增强率(SERmax )及同侧腋窝淋巴结的大小、形态、边缘、信号强度和强化方式,并与术后同侧腋窝淋巴结状态进行对照分析。结果60例乳腺癌患者 MRI显示28例同侧腋窝淋巴结有转移,病理证实22例腋窝淋巴结有转移。MRI 检出腋窝淋巴结转移的灵敏度、特异度、准确率为90.91%、78.95%、83.33%。57例同时行超声检查,超声检查诊断淋巴结转移的灵敏度、特异度、准确率分别为59.09%、94.29%、80.70%。腋窝淋巴结转移组淋巴结大小(1.20±0.59)cm,无转移组淋巴结大小(0.85±0.24)cm,2组间腋窝淋巴结大小差异有统计学意义(t=3.258,P=0.001<0.05)。腋窝淋巴结无转移与有转移组间乳腺内肿瘤 SERmax值差异有统计学意义(t=4.167,P=0.000<0.05),转移组 SERmax值大于无转移组。转移性淋巴结多表现为形态不规则,边缘不规整,信号强度及强化不均匀。结论乳腺 MRI能在检出乳腺癌的同时全面评价腋窝淋巴结,是术前评估腋窝淋巴结状态的有效检查方法。     

USPIO在直肠癌淋巴结转移MRI诊断中的研究进展

术前准确评价直肠癌的淋巴结转移情况,可指导临床利用化疗等手段减轻肿瘤负荷,降低临床分期,从而减少术后局部复发和远处转移的风险.常规的影像学检查方法对直肠癌淋巴结转移的评价存在局限性.超微型超顺磁性氧化铁粒子(USPIO)已作为MRI 对比剂用来评价多种恶性肿瘤的淋巴结转移情况.就利用USPIO 评价直肠癌淋巴结转移的MRI 诊断现状及应用前景予以综述.     

简易乳腺支架配合SPINE matrix线圈在MRI检查乳腺中的应用

目的:探讨简易乳腺支架配合SPINE matrix线圈在MRI检查乳腺中的应用价值。方法:采用简易乳腺支架配合SPINE matrix线圈对100例女性患者行乳腺检查,对其MR图像的运动伪影、扫描范围进行分析。结果:100例患者的Fov包括双侧乳房及胸大肌;8例图像存在明显运动伪影,占8%;93例包括腋窝淋巴结组织。结论:简易乳腺支架配合SPINE matrix线圈,成像清晰,扫描范围大、可同时对乳腺、腋窝淋巴结及胸大肌进行扫描。     

增强MRI诊断直肠癌淋巴结转移的价值

目的:探讨T2WI上等信号淋巴结强化表现在诊断直肠癌淋巴结转移中的价值。方法:搜集经手术病理证实的92例直肠癌患者,所有患者术前均接受MRI平扫及增强检查。本研究所选淋巴结均为T2WI上与同层面肌肉信号相同的淋巴结(等信号),分析直肠系膜内等信号淋巴结的强化表现,依强化程度分为轻度(A组)、中度(B组)和重度强化(C组)三组,分别计算各组诊断淋巴结转移的敏感度、特异度、准确度、阳性预测值和阴性预测值,并对以上各值进行统计学分析。结果:A组诊断直肠癌淋巴结转移的敏感度、特异度、准确度、阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为77.27%、71.43%、77.78%、85.00%、68.75%;B组以上各值分别为62.50%、33.33%、50.00%、55.56%、40.00%;C组以上各值分别为50.00%、56.25%、53.57%、46.15%、60.00%。(B+C)组以上各值依序分别为57.14%、46.43%、51.79%、51.61%、52.00%。B组与C组以上各值差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),但(B+C)组与A组在特异度、准确度和阳性预测值方面差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:认识增强MRI上盆腔淋巴结的强化表现有助于判断直肠癌淋巴结转移情况。     

MRI评估直肠癌淋巴结转移的价值

淋巴结转移是预测直肠癌预后的最重要因素,准确评估淋巴结有无转移有助于临床制定更合理的治疗方案。常规MRI主要依靠淋巴结大小诊断淋巴结性质,准确性不高。扩散加权成像(DWI)能够敏感地发现淋巴结,但转移性淋巴结与非转移性淋巴结的ADC值有部分重叠。动态增强MRI(DCE-MRI)定量分析能反映淋巴结微环境情况,有利于鉴别淋巴结性质。超微超顺磁性氧化铁-MRI(USPIO-MRI)可以诊断淋巴结性质且诊断敏感度较高,但尚未应用于临床。就常规MRI、DWI、DCE-MRI、USPIO-MRI对直肠癌淋巴结转移的诊断价值予以综述。     

Breast MRI for evaluating patients with metastatic axillary lymph node and initially negative mammography and sonography.

OBJECTIVE: We wanted to investigate the ability of breast MR imaging to identify the primary malignancy in patients with axillary lymph node metastases and initially negative mammography and sonography, and we correlated those results with the conventional imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From September 2001 to April 2006, 12 patients with axillary lymph node metastases and initially negative mammography and sonography underwent breast MR imaging to identify occult breast carcinoma. We analyzed the findings of the MR imaging, the MR-correlated mammography and the second-look sonography. We followed up both the MR-positive and MR-negative patients. RESULTS: MR imaging detected occult breast carcinoma in 10 of 12 (83%) patients. Two MR-negative patients were free of carcinoma in the ipsilateral breast during their follow-up period (39 and 44 months, respectively). In nine out of 10 patients, the MR-correlated mammography and second-look sonography localized lesions that were not detected on the initial exam. All the non-MR-correlated sonographic abnormalities were benign. CONCLUSION: Breast MR imaging can identify otherwise occult breast cancer in patients with metastatic axillary lymph nodes. Localization of the lesions through MR-correlated mammography and second-look sonography is practically feasible in most cases.     

乳腺X线摄影与MRI对致密型乳腺内病变的诊断

目的:比较乳腺X线摄影与MRI对致密型乳腺病变的诊断价值.方法:搜集同时行乳腺X线摄影及MRI检查的致密型乳腺患者185例,所有病例均经病理证实,分别分析两种方法的影像学表现,并与病理对照.结果:185例患者中组织病理学为恶性者80例,良性105例.乳腺X线摄影诊断致密型乳腺恶性病变的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值及阴性预...     

Breast MR imaging in patients with axillary node metastases and unknown primary malignancy.

PURPOSE: To assess the usefulness of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the breast in patients with malignant axillary adenopathy and unknown primary malignancy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between October 1993 and December 1997, 38 women with malignant axillary adenopathy and negative mammographic and physical examination findings underwent contrast material-enhanced MR imaging. Sixteen patients were excluded due to axillary tail cancer (n = 7), lack of follow-up (n = 4), second primary malignancy (n = 3), or chemotherapy before MR imaging (n = 2). The study population comprised the remaining 22 patients. Histopathologic findings were available in 20 patients; follow-up MR imaging findings were available in two patients. RESULTS: MR imaging depicted a primary breast cancer in 19 patients (86%; identified at excisional biopsy or mastectomy in 17, resolved on follow-up MR images during treatment in two). MR imaging depicted 4-30-mm cancers (mean, 17 mm), which correlated closely with histopathologic size. Two patients (9%) had false-negative findings: (a) One had a 2-mm invasive ductal carcinoma, and (b) one had 17- and 20-mm invasive ductal carcinomas. Of the 19 patients, 11 underwent mastectomy, seven underwent breast-conservation therapy, and one did not undergo a surgical procedure. CONCLUSION: MR imaging is very sensitive for the detection of mammographically and clinically occult breast cancer in patients with malignant axillary adenopathy. In these patients, MR imaging offers potential not only for cancer detection but also for staging the cancer within the breast, which may be useful for treatment planning.     

乳腺黏液腺癌钼靶X线与磁共振成像特点及诊断价值

目的探讨磁共振成像(MRI)及钼靶X线摄影检查对乳腺黏液腺癌的诊断价值。方法收集本院经手术病理证实的乳腺黏液腺癌12例,回顾性分析MRI成像、X线钼靶摄影及影像表现特点。结果单纯性8例,混合性4例。MRI表现:所有病例均表现为肿块,平扫T1WI为低信号或等低信号,T2WI为高信号或极高信号;动态增强扫描病灶呈渐进性明显强化,2例呈轻度强化;磁共振弥散加权成像(DWI)病灶呈高信号,表观扩散系数(ADC)值增高。X线表现:肿块9例,不规则团片状2例,结构扭曲变形1例,内有钙化1例。病灶均表现为高密度,边缘清7例,边缘不清5例,其中边缘毛刺3例。MRI准确率71%,X线准确率67%,MRI和X线敏感性均100%。结论乳腺黏液腺癌由于含有黏液成分,MRI和X线影像表现上有一定特征,对本病诊断有一定价值,MRI准确性高于X线,二者应相互结合。     

乳房假体植入后破裂及漏出的MRI表现

目的 探讨MRI诊断乳房假体破裂和(或)泄漏的临床价值. 资料与方法 对15例隆乳术后患者行MR扫描,对囊袋假体及注射聚丙烯酰胺假体的MR表现进行分类分析,与正常假体对照. 结果 硅胶囊袋单腔假体13例26个,囊内为硅胶液;1例2个为双囊假体,外囊为生理盐水,内囊为硅胶液.其中正常假体5例,均为单囊硅胶囊袋假体.硅胶囊袋单腔假体破裂8例16个,其中1例属囊内破裂,MRI示残留塌陷的硅胶囊袋呈长条状长T1、短T2信号;其余为囊内、外均破裂,MRI示假体内有多发条、丝状长T1短T2信号,即"条丝征"、"舌样征",同侧乳房外见假体内容物颗粒.注射聚丙烯酰胺假体1例2个,完全破裂,表现为多发条块状、结节状长T1、长T2信号,MRI表现为假体内有多发"条丝征". 结论 MR检查可明确乳房假体的类型、位置;明确假体破裂的类型及漏出物的分布范围;因此能为临床手术提供准确定位,为随访复查提供客观资料.     

乳腺疾病的X线钼靶与MRI对比研究

目的 分析乳腺疾病的X线钼靶与MRI影像学表现,评价X线钼靶与MRI对乳腺疾病的诊断价值。方法 回顾性分析了60例乳腺疾病的X线钼靶与MRI表现,MRI分别采用自旋回波T1WI、短时反转恢复(STIR)序列及动态增强扫描。X线钼靶采用常规方法摄片。结果MRI 53例诊断正确,与病理结果相符,MRI诊断的准确率为88.3％,X线钼靶38例诊断正确,与病理结果相符,X线钼靶诊断的准确率为63.3％,两者差异具有显著性意义,X2=10.23,P<0.01。结论 MRI对乳腺疾病的诊断价值明显优于X线钼靶,对乳腺疾病的临床诊断及治疗具有重要意义。     

Breast US in patients who had microcalcifications with low concern of malignancy on screening mammography

PURPOSE: To review ultrasound (US) findings in patients who have suspicious microcalcifications with low concern of malignancy (BI-RADS category 4A) on screening mammography and to evaluate helpful findings in differentiating benign and malignant lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between August 2005 and July 2006, 192 patients showed microcalcifications only, without mass or associated density, on screening mammography. Among them, we selected 82 patients who had microcalcifications with low concern of malignancy (category 4A) that were pathologically confirmed by surgical excision after wire localization (n=23) or biopsy (n=59). Breast US was performed in 37/82 cases and we analyzed the US findings for the calcification areas in these patients, evaluating the findings with benign or malignant pathological results. We correlated US findings with mammographic calcifications using mammography-guided 2D-localization for the calcifications before US examination. RESULTS: There were 12 malignant lesions (32.4%) including 3 invasive ductal carcinomas (IDC), one microinvasive ductal carcinoma (MIDC), 8 ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and 25 benign lesions (67.6%) including 2 atypical ductal hyperplasias (ADH). IDC showed calcifications within heterogeneous hypoechoic parenchyma or calcifications within complex hypoechoic masses of taller-than-wide shape on US. One MIDC showed calcifications within heterogeneous hypoechoic parenchyma and six DCIS showed negative findings, or calcifications with a small nodule, or only calcifications on US. The most common positive US finding in benign lesions was cysts with calcifications. In 24/37 cases (64.8%) with negative US findings, 18 (75%) were benign lesions and 6 (25%) were DCIS. CONCLUSION: In patients with category 4A microcalcifications without associated findings on screening mammography, negative US findings had a high rate of benign results (18/24, 75%). Visible calcifications within heterogeneous hypoechoic parenchyma or mass on US increased the probability of malignancy.     

乳腺非肿瘤性病变的MRI表现

目的:探讨乳腺非肿瘤性病变的MRI表现。方法:分析38例乳腺内非肿瘤性病变的常规MRT1WI、T2WI、脂肪抑制序列T2WI、动态增强序列扫描的特点。结果:乳腺囊性增生症12例:T1WI和T2WI均呈均匀等信号,压脂后清晰显示乳腺导管系统自乳头向后方呈树枝状分布,其中增强后呈弥漫性斑点状强化8例,均匀片状强化2例,局限性小片状强化2例;囊肿6例:呈液体信号,囊液不强化,囊壁边缘轻度强化;术后瘢痕6例:局限性腺体聚拢4例,星芒样改变2例,但无病变实体,T1WI均呈等信号,T2WI呈等信号及低信号各3例,斑痕与周围腺体均无强化或轻度强化;自体脂肪隆胸后脂肪坏死3例:多发圆形及椭圆性脂肪信号肿块,动态增强各序列均无强化;注射聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶(postoperative augmentation mammoplasty with HPAG)假体泄漏7例:均显示假体轮廓不整,T1WI呈低信号,T2WI呈均匀高信号,腺体周围清晰见泄漏的假体信号;慢性炎症4例:3例T1WI呈等低混杂信号,T2WI呈高信号,增强后呈明显均匀强化,1例TWI伴有灶性多发低信号。结论:正确认识乳腺非肿瘤性病变的MRI表现,可避免不必要的活检和手术。