左心室超声造影诊断左室心肌致密化不全的应用价值

目的 探讨左室超声造影在诊断左室心肌致密化不全中的应用价值.方法 对10例经胸超声心动图初步诊断和疑似的心肌致密化不全患者进行左室超声造影检查,进一步观察左室内过度增生的肌小梁的范围、心内膜连续性、致密心肌厚度及造影剂在小梁隐窝内充盈情况.结果 左室超声造影可更加清晰地观察到非致密心肌的范围,造影剂在小梁间隙和隐窝内充盈,超声造影对致密心肌厚度的测量更为精确、客观.结论 左室超声造影可用于诊断左室心肌致密化不全,是对常规经胸超声心动图的良好补充.

Abstract：

Objective To assess the usefulness of left ventricular contrast echocardiography in diagnosis of left ventricular myocardium noncompaction.Methods Contrast echocardiography was done in ten patients who were diagnosed or suspected with left ventricular noncompaction by common transthoracic echocardiography,for further study of the trabecular muscles extent,the continuity of the endocardium,the compact myocardium thickness,and the contrast agent in the trabecula recessus.Results By contrast echocardiography,noncompaction myocardium thickness can be perspicuously observed,the turgor of the contrast agent was vividly detected in the trabecular recessus.Especially for the measurement of compaction myocardium,the contrast echocardiography was more accurate than in the condition of the common echocardiography.Conclusions Left ventricular contrast echocardiography can be used in the diagnosis of left ventricular noncompaction,it was a good added method of conventional echocardiography.     

超声心动科诊断左室心肌致密化不全

目的 探讨左室心肌致密化不全的彩色多普勒超声心动图表现.方法 采用超声心动图常规测量各腔室内径及心功能主要参数,分析二维、CDFI及频谱多普勒特点.结果 左室心肌致密化不全的主要超声表现为:左室中下段心内膜面内见多发突起的肌小梁,呈网络样交织,心内膜节段性缺失;突起的肌小梁间见深陷的隐窝;CDFI显示隐窝内色彩暗淡的血流与心腔内高速血流相通;病变区域致密心肌变薄,运动明显减弱;左房室增大,左室舒张末期内径(61±6)mm,左室射血分数(INEF)为(36±15)%.结论 左室心肌致密化不全具有特征性的超声改变,彩色多普勒超声心动图是无创、敏感诊断心肌致密化不全的首选方法.     

心肌致密化不全的超声心动图诊断

目的研究心肌致密化不全(noncompaction of ventricular myotacdium,NVM)的超声心动图诊断价值.方法采用Acuson 128 XP/10 C,HP 4500彩色超声诊断仪,探头频率2～4 MHz.主要观察左室长轴及短轴切面,四心腔切面.结果所有5例均可见心室内未致密化的肌小梁及其间深陷的隐窝.其中,2例为双心室型,3例为左心室型.5例中有1例合并其他先天性心脏畸形.4例出现心功能不全,3例出现心律失常.结论超声心动图是诊断本病的最佳选择.     

超声心动图诊断小儿心肌致密化不全

目的探讨心肌致密化不全(NVM)的超声心动图影像学特征及诊断价值.方法5例NVM患儿通过超声心动图检查,观察致密化不全心室壁最厚处的心内膜、心外膜厚度比值,肌小梁发育状况,小梁间隙内交错深陷的隐窝及隐窝内有无血栓形成,心动周期内心室腔血流是否与间隙隐窝相交通等.结果5例NVM患儿均出现明显的超声心动图影像学特征.结论超声心动图具有诊断NVM的重要作用.     

左心室心肌致密化不全研究进展

左心室心肌致密化不全（LVNC）是胚胎时期致密化过程障碍所致的一种心肌病,表现为心室内异常粗大的肌小梁和相互交织的深陷窝。超声心动图是诊断LVNC的常用方法,但尚无统一标准。随着超声新技术的发展,实时三维超声心动图和CEUS可辅助诊断LVNC。目前LVNC的发病机制、遗传学和疾病结局尚不清楚。本文对LVNC的研究进展进行综述。     

超声心动图对心室肌致密化不全的诊断价值

目的探讨超声心动图对心室肌致密化不全的诊断价值。方法对2004年至2006年以心悸、胸闷就诊临床疑诊心律失常、心力衰竭、经彩色多普勒超声心动图检查诊断为心室肌致密化不全的7例患者（NVM组）进行回顾性分析其超声心动图特点,另设7例正常人为对照。结果NVM组超声心动图测值如下：左心室舒张末内径为65．42±7．59mm,左心房内径为39．10±5．31mm,二尖瓣血流频谱A/E〉1,左室射血分数为0．45±0．11,心肌非致密层厚度与致密层厚度比为2．65±0．25。结论超声心动图对心室肌致密化不全的诊断具有特征性意义。     

实时三维超声分析心肌致密化不全左心室几何形态变化

目的应用实时三维超声心动图(RT-3DE)对心肌致密化不全(NVM)左心室几何形态进行分析。方法选取11例NVM患者,应用RT-3DE技术对其左室腔的几何学进行三维图像分析,并测量心尖非致密层厚度(NC)与致密层厚度(C),计算NC/C值。结果RT-3DE技术能够全面地观察局部心肌的立体解剖结构,清晰显示肌小梁及其深隐窝,分辨出NVM左室的蜂窝状几何学特征;NVM组的NC/C值较对照组明显增大(2.78±0.33对0.98±0.26,P<0.001);RT-3DE技术有助于分析NVM受累节段的分布范围及节段运动异常情况。结论RT-3DE技术能全面了解非致密层心肌节段的空间分布状况,是观察NVM形态学改变的最佳影像学手段之一。     

超声造影评价肥厚型心肌病患者伴心肌致密化不全

目的通过普通二维超声心动图和超声造影判断肥厚型心肌病患者左心室各节段是否伴心肌致密化不全,比较两种方法的检出率。方法 39例临床确诊肥厚型心肌病的患者,用普通二维超声心动图和超声造影进行检测,测量舒张末期左心室各节段心肌总体厚度和心肌致密化不全厚度,比较造影前后心肌致密化不全的检出率及致密化不全厚度占心肌总体厚度的比例,并进行统计学分析。结果通过二维超声心动图发现肥厚型心肌病患者伴有心肌致密化不全18例(46.15%,18/39),致密化不全节段46处(7.09%,46/649);超声造影发现肥厚型心肌病患者伴有心肌致密化不全病例33例(84.62%,33/39),致密化不全节段181处(27.98%,181/647)。普通二维超声心动图测量心尖部心肌致密化不全厚度与超声造影比较差异有统计学意义[(2.5±0.2)mm,(5.6±0.2)mm,t=-13.46,P<0.001]。超声造影能更清晰的勾勒出心内膜线,且造影剂能够充填致密化不全心肌的小梁间隐窝,可明显提高心肌致密化不全的检出率。结论超声造影是检查肥厚型心肌病患者心尖节段伴有心肌致密化不全准确、敏感的方法。     

实时三维超声心动图评价左室心肌致密化不全患者左心室收缩同步性的应用价值

目的 探讨实时三维超声心动图时间-位移参数及17节段时间-容积曲线参数指标在评价左室心肌致密化不全中的应用价值.方法 对10例左室心肌致密化患者(经磁共振证实)、20例正常者(对照组)行实时三维超声心动图检查.结果 左室心肌致密化不全组的17节段时间-容积曲线参数指标:左室16节段、12节段、6节段达最小收缩容积时间的标准差(Tmsv 16-SD,Tmsv 12-SD,Tmsv 6-SD),左室16节段、12节段、6节段达最小收缩容积时间的最大差值(Tmsv 16-Dif,Tmsv 12-Dif,Tmsv 6-Dif)以及左室16节段、12节段、6节段达最小收缩容积时间的标准差的校正值(Tmsv 16-SD%,Tmsv 12-SD%,Tmsv 6-SD%),左室16节段、12节段、6节段达最小收缩容积的时间最大差值的校正值(Tmsv 16-Dif%,Tmsv 12-Dif%,Tmsv 6-Dif%)较正常组显著增高,差异有统计学意义(P均＜0.05),左室心肌致密化不全组的时间-位移参数中位移平均值、最小值低于正常对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 实时三维超声心动图时间-位移参数显像及17节段时间-容积曲线参数指标能快速准确评价左室心肌致密化不全患者心肌节段功能及收缩同步性.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the value of real-time three-dimensional echocardiography(RT-3DE) timing-excursion parametric index and 17 segment time-volume curves index in patients with leftventricular noncompaction(LVNC). Methods Ten patients with LVNC (proven by MRI) ,twenty subjects with normal LV function were examined by Philips iE33 with X3-1 probe. Results Parameter index (including Tmsv 16-SD,Tmsv 12-SD,Tmsv 6-SD,Tmsv 16-Dif,Tmsv 12-Dif,Tmsv 6-Dif,Tmsv 16-SD%,Tmsv 12-SD%, Tmsv 6-SD%, Tmsv 16-Dif%, Tmsv 12-Dif%, Tmsv 6-Dif%) of 17 segment time to minimal systolic volume was significantly higher in patients with LVNC than that in subjects with normal LV function( all P＜0.05). Average and minimum value of excursion was significantly lower in patients with LVNC than that in subjects with normal LV function ( P＜0.05). Conclusions RT-3DE with timeexcursion parameters and 17 segment of time- volume curve parameters can rapidly and accurately evaluate left ventricular systolic synchrony in patients with LVNC.     

心肌致密化不全的超声心动图诊断:与MRI的对照研究

目的探讨心肌致密化不全（NVM）患者的超声心动图及MRI表现，评价超声心动图诊断心肌致密化不全的价值。方法通过常规超声心动图对20例NVM病人进行多切面扫查，观察其受累部位并于心室舒张期选择室壁最厚部位测量非致密化心肌厚度与致密化心肌厚度并计算两者比值。其中10例病人与MRI进行对比研究。结果两种方法对受累心肌节段的检测具有很好的相关性。结论超声心动图对诊断心肌致密化不全具有快速、简便、准确的优点。     

Isolated noncompaction of the left ventricular myocardium

Isolated noncompaction of the left ventricular myocardium (INVM), first described in 1984, is an unclassified cardiomyopathy and is assumed to occur as an arrest of the compaction process during the normal development of the heart. Between weeks 5 to 8 of human fetal development, the ventricular myocardium undergoes gradual compaction with transformation of the relatively large intertrabecular spaces into capillaries while the residual spaces within the trabecular meshwork gradually flatten or disappear. In the case of INVM, the spaces within the intertrabecular meshwork persist while no other cardiac abnormalities exist. Although there is substantial evidence supporting the developmental hypothesis, other pathogenetic processes responsible for INVM have been discussed. It can be assumed that INVM will be better understood in the future as the molecular genetic basis of cardiomyopathies will be further unravelled. Echocardiography has been shown to be the method of choice in diagnosis of INVM. The diagnostic criteria can be summarized as: 1) appearance of at least four prominent trabeculations and deep intertrabecular recesses; 2) appearance of blood flow from the ventricular cavity into the intertrabecular recesses as visualized by color Doppler imaging; 3) the segments of noncompacted myocardium mainly involve the apex and the inferior mid and lateral mid of the left ventricular wall and typically show a two-layered structure with an endsystolic ratio greater than two between the noncompacted subendocardial layer and the compacted subepicardial layer; 4) absence of coexisting cardiac abnormalities. Magnetic resonance imaging using modern gradient echo sequences has also been shown to diagnose INVM accurately. The clinical presentation of INVM is characterized by a high prevalence of heart failure, thromboembolic events and arrhythmias including ventricular tachycardia and atrial fibrillation. The establishment of a registry, which was initiated by the "Arbeitsgemeinschaft Leitende Kardiologische Krankenhausärzte (ALKK)" recently, may provide further clues for diagnosis, risk stratification, and management of this disease.     

心肌致密化不全的超声特征分析

目的 进一步明确超声心动图对心肌致密化不全(NVM)的诊断标准。 方法 总结分析17例NVM患者的超声表现并与10例高血压性心肌肥厚患者比较。 结果 NVM的超声特征包括:1)致密化不全的室壁可见二层结构:薄层的心外膜致密化带及相对较厚的心内膜致密化不全层,后者由突出的肌小梁及深陷的小梁间隐窝组成,NVM患者收缩末期致密化不全层与已致密化层厚度的最大比率>2:2)左室致密化不全部位通常在心尖段、侧壁中段及下壁中段,右室在心尖段及游离壁中段。除受累节段的室壁运动减弱外,部分形态学正常的节段收缩活动也受到影响,最终导致心室总功能的下降;3)彩色多普勒显示心腔内血流直接进入小梁间的隐窝。 结论 NVM在超声心动图上有特征性的表现,超声是诊断NVM首选的及最佳的方法。     

孤立性心室肌致密化不全的磁共振诊断

目的探讨磁共振对于孤立性心肌致密化不全的临床诊断价值.方法利用西门子1.5T磁共振机检查9例有不同临床症状的心脏病患者以进一步观察心内结构.结果在9例患者中,磁共振清晰辨别出不同部位和程度的心肌致密化不全病变,其特征性表现为显著的小梁化心肌及深入到室壁内的小梁间隙;尤其是对于累及左室前侧壁和心尖部的病变,磁共振能较超声心动图提供更明确的形态显示和更高的空间分辨率.结论磁共振提高了心肌致密化不全的诊断率,是超声心动图检查的有效补充和替代方法.     

超声在诊断心肌致密化不全中的临床价值

目的分析了解心肌致密化不全（noncompaction of ventricular myocardtium，NVM）的超声心动图诊断价值。方法对4例心肌致密化不全患者采用HP5500彩色超声诊断仪，进行常规检查，重点观察左室长轴、短轴、四腔心切面。结果4例患者中均可见左室腔内未致密化的粗大肌小梁及隐窝，4例都未合并其他先天性心脏病，且均为左心室型。2例出现明显心功能不全，1例出现心律失常，另1例无明显症状。结论应用超声心动图诊断心肌致密化不全是目前临床的最佳选择，它简便，经济，无创，结果可靠。     

超声心动图对扩张型心肌病和心肌致密化不全的鉴别诊断价值

目的探讨超声心动图在鉴别诊断扩张型心肌病(DCM)和心室肌致密化不全(NVM)中的价值。方法收集我院心内科初步诊断的DCM患者62例,分别行超声心动图、心脏MRI检查及遗传学检查,结合患者临床资料进行分析。结果 62例心内科初诊为DCM的患者,经MRI最终确诊55例为DCM,7例为NVM。超声心动图最终诊断55例为DCM,5例为NVM,2例不能确定。超声心动图对NVM诊断的准确率为71.4%,DCM为100%。结论 NVM患者有特征性超声心动图表现,可与DCM患者鉴别。     

心肌致密化不全研究现状

心肌致密化不全（NVM）是以心室内众多突起的肌小梁和深陷的小梁间隐窝为特征的一种原发性心肌病,在原发性心肌病中并不罕见。该病有家族遗传倾向,其发病年龄和临床表现差异相当大,临床病情迁延,主要表现为心力衰竭、心律失常和血栓栓塞。心脏超声为确诊的首选检查。近年来关于NVM的研究取得了较大进展,包括其病因、发病机制、临床表现、诊断及治疗等方面。