成釉蛋白在小鼠牙胚发育不同时期的免疫组化定位

目的：观察成釉蛋白（ameloblastin,AMBN)在小鼠牙胚发育不同时期的表达和分布情况。方法：采用免疫组化的方法观察AMBN在小鼠牙胚不同时期的表达和定位。结果：蕾状期、帽状期和钟状早期牙胚中未见AMBN的表达；出生后1d钟状期，在成釉细胞和釉基质中呈强阳性表达，成牙本质细胞和牙本质基质中呈弱阳性表达；出生后3d，在成釉细胞胞浆中呈弱阳性表达，在成牙本质细胞中表达阳性，着色较成釉细胞深；出生后7d，AMBN在成釉细胞托姆氏突呈弱阳性表达，其余部位呈阴性表达。在牙胚发育的各个时期，AMBN在外釉细胞、星网层细胞、牙乳头细胞均呈阴性表达。结论：AMBN参与釉基质的形成，可能与牙胚发育中基质形成的信息传递有关。     

Notch 1信号蛋白在大鼠牙胚发育中的免疫组化表达研究

目的通过检测大鼠牙胚发育不同阶段Notch1信号的表达情况，探讨其在牙齿发育过程中的作用。方法采用免疫组织化学染色技术观测大鼠孕期12、14、16、17、18、19d和出生后1、3、5、7、9d牙胚中Notch1的表达。结果Notch1的表达始于钟状中期。在钟状中晚期，Notch1的表达在牙乳头间充质、成牙本质细胞层呈弱阳性。在内釉细胞层呈阳性。牙体组织形成开始，Notch1则在成釉细胞的中间层有反复表达，在成牙本质细胞层中有一过性表达。牙齿萌出后，该信号在成牙本质细胞和成釉细胞表达均为阴性。结论Notch1在牙胚发育过程中与成釉细胞分化有关，它可能在牙齿发育早期基质触发前成釉细胞向成釉细胞分化中起重要作用。     

大鼠牙胚组织发育过程中釉原蛋白mRNA的表达

目的：观察釉原蛋白（Ａｍ）基因在大鼠牙胚组织发育过程中的表达。方法：采用原位杂交的方法,检测大鼠孕期１７、１８、１９ｄ和出生后１、３、５、７、９ｄ牙胚中成釉细胞ＡｍｍＲＮＡ的表达。结果：从出生后１ｄ至出生后９ｄ大鼠第一磨牙牙胚中均检测到ＡｍｍＲＮＡ的表达,其中出生后第５ｄ表达最高,成釉细胞分泌完成后Ａｍ的表达下降。成牙本质细胞在发育的任何时期均未见到Ａｍ的表达。结论：釉原蛋白基因的转录只发生在牙胚发育的早期,前成釉细胞极化阶段和成釉细胞分泌阶段;发育成熟的釉基质中没有釉原蛋白。成牙本质细胞不表达釉原蛋白基因。     

小鼠牙胚发育过程中釉原蛋白和釉蛋白的表达特征

目的 观察釉原蛋白和釉蛋白在小鼠牙胚发育中的表达特征,进一步揭示釉原蛋白和釉蛋白的生物学特性.方法 分别制备出生后第1、3、7和14天小鼠下颌第一磨牙牙胚切片,采用免疫组织化学和反转录聚合酶链反应法检测釉原蛋白和釉蛋白的组织学定位和基因转录表达水平.结果 釉原蛋白表达于分泌期成釉细胞的胞质和釉质基质全层,在新生小鼠牙胚成牙本质细胞中有一过性表达;釉蛋白表达于分泌期釉质基质中,在成釉质细胞突边缘和釉质基质深层呈强阳性表达,釉原蛋白和釉蛋白在矿化成熟的釉质中均未见表达.釉原蛋白和釉蛋白在出生后第7天mRNA表达量的相对值分别为0.813±0.085和0.799±0.064,显著高于其他时间的表达水平(P＜0.05).结论 釉原蛋白和釉蛋白主要由分泌期成釉细胞合成并分泌到釉质基质中,其表达具有高度的时空特异性,提示它们在釉质形成和生物矿化中有重要的作用.     

原癌基因c-jun、c-fos在大鼠牙胚发育过程中的表达

目的：通过观察原癌基因c—jun、c—fos在大鼠牙胚发育过程中时空表达的特点，探讨它在牙胚发育中的作用。方法：制备大鼠牙胚发育各期组织标本，采用免疫组化的方法观察c-jun、c-fos在大鼠牙胚发育不同阶段的表达情况，并对结果进行图像分析和统计学分析。结果：c-jun在大鼠牙胚的蕾状期、帽状期呈阴性表达，在钟状晚期牙胚的成牙本质细胞中呈阳性表达，成釉细胞中亦有表达；c-fos在大鼠牙胚的蕾状期呈阴性表达，帽状期表达于内釉、外釉上皮和星网层，以内釉上皮层表达最强。钟状期表达于成熟的成牙本质细胞，且随着硬组织的形成、矿化，表达逐渐减弱。结论：观察到c-jun、c-fos在大鼠牙胚发育不同时期的表达和表达变化，提示其可能参与成牙本质细胞、成釉细胞的分化和牙本质形成的过程。     

核心结合因子a1在小鼠牙齿发育过程中的表达

目的：观察Cbfal蛋白在小鼠牙胚发育过程中的表达情况。方法：用自制的Cbfal多克隆抗体，采用免疫组化染色观察其时空表达特性。结果：Cbfal蛋白在帽状期牙胚中表达较广泛，在钟状早、中期牙胚表达于内釉细胞、成釉细胞以及紧靠成牙本质细胞层的牙乳头细胞，而在钟状晚期，Cbfal在牙乳头表达为阴性，成牙本质细胞层弱阳性，成釉细胞为阳性或强阳性。结论：Cbfal可能在小鼠牙胚发育，尤其是在成牙本质细胞和成釉细胞分化过程中具有重要作用。     

釉原蛋白在人牙胚发育不同时期表达的免疫组化研究

目的：探讨釉原蛋白在人牙胚发育不同时期的表达及其意义。方法：采用免疫组织化学方法观察釉原蛋白在不同发育阶段人牙胚中的分布。结果：在前成釉细胞、基底膜及前成牙本质细胞相邻部位都呈阳性反应。牙乳头细胞及牙本质呈阴性反应。釉原蛋白分布于釉质全层，在釉质浅层及与成釉细胞界面处呈线状强阳性染色，在后期矿化成熟时，成釉细胞及釉质染色阴性。结论：釉原蛋白与成釉细胞、成牙本质细胞的分化及釉质的矿化有关。     

牙本质基质蛋白1在人牙胚发育过程中的表达和意义

目的：观察牙本质基质蛋白1(dental matrix protein，DMP1)在人牙胚发育过程中的表达和分布变化，探讨DMP1在人牙齿发育过程中的作用。方法：制备人牙胚发育各期组织标本，采用免疫组织化学方法观察DMP1在人牙胚不同阶段的表达情况。结果：DMP1主要表达于钟状晚期分泌型成牙本质细胞，在前成牙本质细胞、前成釉细胞和牙乳头细胞中表达弱阳性，在成釉细胞中有一过性表达，即在釉基质开始形成但没有形成硬组织时的分泌型成釉细胞中有表达，但在随后的分泌型成釉细胞中表达渐弱至阴性。结论：观察到DMP1在人牙胚发育不同时期的表达和表达变化，提示其可能参与成牙本质细胞和成釉细胞的分化及牙本质形成过程。     

Lumican蛋白多糖在正常SD大鼠牙胚发育中时间和空间的表达

目的:观察SD大鼠牙胚发育过程中Lumican蛋白多糖在时间和空间上的表达。方法:分别取妊娠17.5、19.5 d的胎鼠和出生后1.5、3.5、5.5 d新生鼠的下颌第一磨牙牙胚,采用免疫组化染色的方法观察Lumican蛋白多糖在大鼠牙胚中的定位和表达。结果:正常大鼠牙胚发育过程中,帽状期牙胚中(E17)牙囊、牙板、内、外釉上皮的细胞中Lumican均有较强表达;钟状早期牙胚各细胞中Lumican的表达呈阳性;分泌期成釉细胞、成牙本质细胞中Lumican表达呈阳性,随着发育的进行,成釉细胞和成牙本质细胞中的表达逐渐减弱(P<0.05)。结论:正常大鼠牙胚发育过程中Lumican的表达呈一定的时间和空间分布,随着发育的不同阶段而有所改变。     

釉质溶解素在人和大鼠牙胚发育过程中的表达

目的：检测釉质溶解素（enamelysin)mRNA在人和大鼠牙胚发育不同时期的表达,探讨其在牙齿发育过程中的作用。方法：采用原位杂交法。结果：人牙胚钟状早期未见釉质溶解素mRNA;钟状晚期,成釉细胞和成牙本质细胞表达阳性。釉质溶解素mRNA在大鼠牙齿发育早期表达阴性,在钟状晚期成釉细胞和成牙本质细胞表达阳性。结论：釉质溶解素m RNA在牙齿发育过程中的表达有时空特异性,提示它可能参与釉质和牙本质的形成。     

A comparison of enamelin and amelogenin expression in developing mouse molars

Amelogenin and enamelin are structural proteins in the enamel matrix of developing teeth. The temporal and spatial patterns of enamelin expression in developing mouse molars have not been characterized, while controversy remains with respect to amelogenin expression by odontoblasts and cementoblasts. Here we report the results of in situ hybridization analyses of amelogenin and enamelin expression in mouse molars from postnatal days 1, 2, 3, 7, 9, 14, and 21. Amelogenin and enamelin mRNA in maxillary first molars was first observed in pre-ameloblasts on the cusp slopes at day 2. The onsets of amelogenin and enamelin expression were approximately synchronous with the initial accumulation of predentin matrix. Both proteins were expressed by ameloblasts throughout the secretory, transition, and early maturation stages. Enamelin expression terminated in maturation stage ameloblasts on day 9, while amelogenin expression is still detected in maturation stage ameloblasts on day 14. No amelogenin expression was observed in day 21 mouse molars. Amelogenin and enamelin RNA messages were restricted to ameloblasts. No expression was observed in pulp, bone, or along the developing root. We conclude that amelogenin and enamelin are enamel-specific and do not directly participate in the formation of dentin or cementum in developing mouse molars.     

小鼠釉质发育过程中成釉器中间层细胞增殖、凋亡以及组织非特异性碱性磷酸酶的表达

目的:观察小鼠釉质发育过程中成釉器中间层细胞的增殖、凋亡和其组织非特异性碱性磷酸酶(tissue nonspecific alkaline phosphatase,TNSALP)的表达,探讨中间层在釉质形成过程中的可能作用.方法:取出生后1、3、5、7、9、11、15d的BALB/c小鼠56只,解剖分离含下颌第一磨牙区的下颌骨,脱钙,制片,HE染色进行牙釉质发育情况的组织学观察,分别采用原位末端标记法(TUNEL法)、SP免疫组织化学技术、PV二步法观察中间层细胞的凋亡及检测Bcl-2、增殖细胞核抗原(proliferating cell nuclear antigen,PCNA),并对TNSALP进行组织学定位.通过Image-pro plus 6.0图像分析软件.对图像进行半定量分析.采用SPSS13.0软件包进行t检验、单因素方差分析及SNK-q检验.结果:出生后1d.中间层细胞增殖细胞核抗原由比成釉细胞表达高的强阳性表达逐渐降低;至7d时,其表达为阴性,而且中间层细胞随釉质的发育逐渐凋亡.中间层细胞先于成釉细胞表达TNSALP,出生后5d时即呈现强阳性染色,而后其表达又逐步减弱;成釉细胞7d时开始出现阳性,且呈逐渐增强趋势.结论:中间层细胞的增殖和凋亡及其TNSALP的表达与成釉细胞具有相关性,提示中间层细胞有可能参与成釉细胞的分化及釉质形成.     

同源异型盒基因Msx-1,Msx-2在鼠牙发育中的表达

目的 观察和比较同源异型盒基因Msx-1,Msx-2 mRNA在牙齿硬组织形成过程中的表达特点,以探讨二者在该病过程中的作用与关系。方法 采用逆转录－聚合酶链式反应（RT－PCR）技术,检测Msx-1,Msx-2mRNA在1、3、7和14d龄的昆明小鼠磨牙牙胚中的表达。结果 Msx-1,Msx-2在牙胚硬组织形成主要阶段均有表达,并随细胞分化、基质分泌和矿化的进展呈现规律性互补表达方式。Msx-1 mRNA在1d龄小鼠牙胚中已有微弱表达,经3、7d表达量逐渐增加,14d龄时表达最强,主要表达于基质分泌和矿化阶段;而Msx-2 mRNA在1d鼠牙胚中表达极弱,3d龄时表达最强,经7、14d表达逐渐减弱,主要表达于细胞分化和基质分泌阶段;二者在硬组织形成过程中存在表达量上的规律性互补现象。结论 同源异型盒基因Msx-1,Msx-2在小鼠牙胚硬组织形成过程中均发挥作用;并且其表达量随细胞分化、基质分泌和钙化过程的进展所呈现的规律性互补变化,提示它们之间可能存在功能冗余,即在该过程中二者之间的功能可以相互补充。     

抑制p38 MAPK对小鼠釉质发育相关基因表达的影响

目的 研究p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(p38 mitogen activated protein kinase,p38 MAPK)对成釉上皮中釉质发育相关基因表达的影响,为釉质发育分子机制的研究提供基础.方法 在体外小鼠下颌磨牙牙胚的培养基中加入以DMSO溶解的p38 MAPK特异性抑制剂SB203580为实验组,以培养...     

Differential expression of LAR tyrosine phosphatase in the rat developing molar tooth germ

OBJECTIVE: This study examined the molecules implicated in the cytodifferentiation of dental hard tissue cells. METHODS: Rat pups at postnatal days 4, 7 and 10 were used. Differential display-polymerase chain reaction (DD-PCR), Western blot and immunofluorescent localisation were performed to search differentially expressed genes in tooth development. RESULTS: Leukocyte-common antigen-related tyrosine phosphatase (lar-tp) was differentially detected between the rat maxillary 2nd and 3rd molar germs on postnatal day 10, which were at the dental hard tissue formation and cap/early bell developmental stages, respectively. Both the mRNA and protein expression levels of lar-tp were higher in the 3rd molar germs than in the 2nd. In addition, the levels in the 2nd molar germs at postnatal days 4, 7 and 10, which corresponded to the early/late bell, crown and root stages, respectively, decreased in a time dependent manner. The immunoreactivity against intracellular P-subunit of lar-tp was detected in the ameloblasts and odontoblasts as well as in the undifferentiated inner enamel epithelia and dental papilla cells. However, strong immunoreactivity against extracellular E-subunit was observed only in the undifferentiated inner enamel epithelia and dental papilla cells in the 3rd molar germs and in the stratum intermedium in the 2nd molar germs. CONCLUSION: This is the first identification of lar-tp in the molar tooth development and suggests that this molecule may be involved in the cytodifferentiation of dental hard tissue cells.     

Cell proliferation and apoptosis in enamelin null mice

Enamelin is a secreted glycoprotein that is critical for dental enamel formation. Ameloblasts in enamelin (Enam) null mice develop atypical features that include the absence of a Tomes' process, expanded endoplasmic reticulum, apparent loss of polarity, and pooling of extracellular matrix in all directions, including between ameloblasts and the stratum intermedium. We hypothesized that ameloblast pathological changes may be associated with increased cell apoptosis. Our objective was to assess apoptotic activity in maxillary first molars of wild-type, Enam(+/-), and Enam(-/-) mice at postnatal days 5, 7, 9, 14, and 17. Mouse maxillae were characterized by light microscopy after terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated biotin-dUTP nick-end labelling (TUNEL) or 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) staining. Following the initial deposition of dentin matrix, ameloblasts became highly dysplastic and no enamel crystal ribbons were deposited. Ameloblast apoptosis was observed in the Enam null mice starting in the secretory stage and with no apparent alteration in cell proliferation. We conclude that in the absence of enamelin and subsequent shutdown of enamel formation, ameloblasts undergo pathological changes early in the secretory stage that are evident as radically altered cell morphology, detachment from the tooth surface, apoptosis, and formation of ectopic calcifications both outside and inside the dystrophic enamel organ.     

The effect of mechanical trauma on the tooth germ of rat molars at various developmental stages: a histopathological study

Abstract— Intrusive trauma was experimentally applied to the tooth germ at different developmental stages in the rat first molar. The tooth germ at the earliest (postnatal day 1, initiating stage of enamel matrix formation) and the latest (postnatal day 10, calcifying stage of preformed enamcl matrix) developmental stages studied showed localized enamel hypoplasia as a direct sequela of trauma. Thc tooth germs in which enamel matrix was rapidly thickening (postnatal days 3, 5, 7) and had not yet started to calcify showed the most intense and extensive injuries to the formation and structural organization of both enamel and dentin. As for indirect effects secondary to trauma, tooth germ dislocation was observed chiefly in tooth germs at the same developmental stages, frequently resulting in ankylosis. The present experimental model may be helpful for clarifying thc histogenesis of traumatic changes in the developing tooth germ.     

The effect of mechanical trauma on the tooth germ of rat molars at various developmental stages: a histopathological study

Intrusive trauma was experimentally applied to the tooth germ at different developmental stages in the rat first molar. The tooth germ at the earliest (postnatal day 1, initiating stage of enamel matrix formation) and the latest (postnatal day 10, calcifying stage of preformed enamel matrix) developmental stages studied showed localized enamel hypoplasia as a direct sequela of trauma. The tooth germs in which enamel matrix was rapidly thickening (postnatal days 3, 5, 7) and had not yet started to calcify showed the most intense and extensive injuries to the formation and structural organization of both enamel and dentin. As for indirect effects secondary to trauma, tooth germ dislocation was observed chiefly in tooth germs at the same developmental stages, frequently resulting in ankylosis. The present experimental model may be helpful for clarifying the histogenesis of traumatic changes in the developing tooth germ.     

牙齿萌出过程中 RANKL mRNA 的表达与破骨细胞的关系

目的:探讨核因子κB受体活化剂配体 RANKL 在大鼠下颌第一磨牙牙胚冠方组织中 mRNA 的表达及破骨细胞的分化情况.方法:运用原位杂交法检测大鼠下颌第一磨牙牙胚冠方组织中 RANKL mRNA 的表达;TRAP 染色观察破骨细胞分化情况.结果:出生1、3、5、7 d大鼠下颌第一磨牙牙胚冠方牙囊成纤维细胞、成釉细胞 RANKL mRNA的阳性表达强于对照组牙龈成纤维细胞(p<0.01).大鼠下颌第一磨牙牙胚冠方出生后1 d破骨细胞多为单核,3 d时多核破骨细胞增多.结论:RANKL mRNA 在大鼠出生后1、3、5、7 d下颌第一磨牙牙囊成纤维细胞、成釉细胞中有表达,可能通过促进破骨细胞的分化及成熟参与牙齿的萌出.