单采血浆还输血细胞献血员中疟疾感染的流行病学调查

通过对５个自然村８３９１人的流行病学调查，单采血浆还输血细胞（单采浆）献血员的疟疾发病率为４．１４％，显著高于献全血和无献血史者。病例对照研究表明，单采浆是疟疾感染的危险因素。献浆相关性疟疾的潜伏期为１６．５天。通过对单采浆血站的调查，单采浆过程存在血液交叉污染环节，血站停业后疫情得到控制。因此，单采浆过程中的血液交叉污染可能是导致这次疟疾流行的主要原因。     

河北省1993年疟疾流行因素的调查分析

本文分析了河北省１９９３年疟疾流行因素及其流行特征。病例的８３．１３％为献血员，１０．６３％为受血者，另外６．２４％的病例既无献血史又无受血史。病例对照研究表明，单采血浆还输血细胞（简称单采浆）和受血是疟疾发病的危险因素，而与外出、献全血、医疗针刺和蚊虫因素无关。进一步调查５个自然村，发现单采浆献血员疟疾发病率为４．１４％，献全血和无献血史成人无一人发病。血站在单采浆过程中的血液交叉污染是引起本次     

单采血浆还输血细胞引起疟疾和丙型肝炎的流行病学研究

报告５个自然村的中青年人群中疟疾和丙型肝炎病毒（ＨＣＶ）感染的流行病学调查结果。结果表明单采血浆还输血细胞献血者（简称单采桨献血者）疟疾发病率和ＨＣＶ感染率分别为４．１４％和８４．０６％。双重感染率为３．７２％，疟疾患者合并ＨＣＶ感染率为８９．７４％。单采浆献血者疟疾和ＨＣＶ感染率均显著高于非单采浆献血者。病例对照研究表明，单采浆是疟疾和ＨＣＶ感染的危险因素。调查证实：单采浆血站在采血、离心分浆和血细胞还输过程中的血液交叉污染，是造成疟疾发病和ＨＣＶ感染的原因。     

单采血浆还输血细胞供血者中疟疾感染的血清流行病学研究

目的：调查单采浆是否为疟疾感染的危险因素。方法：采用IFAT法检测疟疾与非疟疾对照血清。结果：疟疾患者IFA阳性率为62．05％，抗体阳性者GMRT为40．27；非疟疾病人IFA阳性率为5．32％，抗体阳性者GMRT为26．11。无论疟疾还是非疟疾对照，男女抗体阳性率无统计学差异。不同年龄人群阳性率以18－49岁组为高。进一步分析，单采浆供血者疟疾！FA阳性率为64．08％，受血者及其他人群疟疾分别为52．63％和40．00％；非疟疾中的单采浆供血者为16．n％，未成年人、受血者和供全血者未发现抗体阳性者，其他成人阳性率仅为1．08％。结论：单采浆是疟疾感染的危险因素，同时证明该地蚊传疟疾已经中断。病后投药和血标本采集早迟，是影响疟疾IFA阳性率的因素。     

河北省1993年疟疾血清学调查报告

本文报告了８８例疟疾和１６７名非疟疾对照血清中疟疾间接荧光抗体（ＩＦＡ）的检测结果，疟疾病例ＩＦＡ阳性率为４７．７３％，非疟疾对照为５．９９％，有单采浆史疟疾为４４．９３％，有受血史疟疾为６９．２３％，既无单采浆史又无受血史疟疾为３３．３３％。疟疾病人抗体阳性率和几何平均倒数滴度（ＧＭＲＴ）与病后时间的长短、治疗的及时与否有关。在疟疾对照中，单采浆献血者ＩＦＡ阳性率为１５．６９％，极显著高于既无单采浆又无受血史人群（１．７２％）。证实了单采浆献血者是感染疟疾的危险人群。     

单采血浆还输血细胞供血者中疟疾感染的血清流行…

调查单采浆是否为疟疾感染的危险因素，方法：采用ＩＦＡＴ法检测疟疾与非疟疾对照血清。结果：疟疾患者ＩＦＡ阳性率为６２．０５％，抗体阳性者ＧＭＲＴ为４０．２７；非疟疾病人ＩＦＡ阳性率为５．３２％，抗体阳性者ＧＭＲＴ为２６．１１。无论疟疾还是非疟疾对照，男女抗体阳性率无统计学差异。     

实施抗－HCV筛查前后单采浆献血员HCV感染率比较

实施抗－ＨＣＶ筛查前后单采浆献血员ＨＣＶ感染率比较王淑萍，朱万孚，祁自柏，谷金莲，李大勇，冯大云，丁红受血者患输血后肝炎和在采血站引起单采浆献血员（简称献浆员）的丙型肝炎病毒（ＨＣＶ）或丁型肝炎病毒（ＨＤＶ）感染，是目前存在的严重问题［１，２］。为此...     

一起由单采浆引起的丙肝暴发的调查分析

一起由单采浆引起的丙肝暴发的调查分析洪泽县卫生防疫站褚湘建１９９７年６月１日至８月１０日，洪泽县西顺河镇发生一起病毒性肝炎暴发流行，经流行病学调查，临床诊断和实验室检测，认为是一起由单采浆引起的经血传播的丙型病毒性肝炎暴发，共发生２０例病人，无死亡病...     

疟疾患者丙型肝炎病毒感染原因的血清学研究

本文报告了９７例疟疾患者丙型肝炎病毒感染的原因，发现疟疾患者丙型肝炎病毒抗体阳性率为７１．１３％，其中有单采血浆还输血细胞献血史者为８９．７１％，有受血史者为６４．２９％，而既无单采浆史又无受血史者无一例抗－ＨＣＶ阳性。有单采浆史的疾病例和同村有单采浆史的非疾病例之间的－ＨＣＶ阳性率无显著不同，且二者均显著高于同村既无单采浆史又无受血史的非疾人群，说明有单采浆史的疾病例ＨＣＶ感染与单采浆有关，有受     

单采浆所致疟疾和丙型肝炎感染的调查

单采浆所致疟疾和丙型肝炎感染的调查殷同尧，高恒通，许贵山，陈素良，张志坤，赵勇赵县位于华北平原中部，气候干燥，年平均降水量仅１２１毫米，多年已无疟疾病例发生。而１９９３年发生的疟疾及疟疾病例的丙型肝炎病毒（ＨＣＶ）感染与单采浆还输血球交叉感染有关，现...     

血浆置换术后医院深部真菌感染临床分析

目的探讨人工肝血浆置换术后重型肝炎患者并发深部真菌感染的危险因素及防治. 方法 回顾分析我院69例人工肝血浆置换术后深部真菌感染的临床资料. 结果真菌感染占同期血浆置换术后医院感染病例的60.52%,感染部位以口腔、肠道为主,其次为肺部;感染真菌类型主要为白色念珠菌、热带念珠菌、曲霉菌、毛霉菌等;感染发生与患者原发病、人工肝术后机体抵抗力降低、抗生素应用等有关;肺部真菌感染占28.98%,病死率为70.0%,其中肺曲霉病4例、毛霉病6例,无一例存活. 结论血浆置换术后真菌感染发病率较高,肺部真菌感染是更危险的因素,预后极差;重视预防措施、早期诊断治疗是减少真菌感染、降低病死率的关健.     

三种献血员人群庚型肝炎病毒检测研究

为了解献血员中庚型肝炎病毒（HGV）感染状况，并探讨感染的危险因素。采用ELISA法和RT-PCR技术，对泰安市189名无偿献血员、404名职业献血员和169名单采血浆献血员进行了病毒抗体和病毒核酸的检测。结果显示三种献血人群抗-NGV阳性率分别为1．59％（3／189）、0．99％（4／404）和5．33％（9/169）；HCVRNA阳性率分别为0、0.25％（1／404）和2．37％（4／169）。结果表明单采血浆献血员和以前曾献血浆的职业献血员为今后HGV筛检的重要人群。     

Distinguishing characteristics of blood donor segments defined in terms of donation frequency.

Demographic, psychographic, and blood donation factors were hypothesized to account for differences among blood donor segments defined on the basis of frequency of donation. A stepwise multiple discriminant analysis shows 10 of the 29 initial predictor factors to be very useful for distinguishing among the donor categories. The gender of the donor, locus of control, risk taking, humanitarianism, and other factors differentiate donor categories. Results are considered in relation to prior research and theorizing, and the strategic implications for collection agency and hospital administration are given.     

庚型肝炎传播途径及相关危险因素探讨

目的：了解献血员中HGV感染状况,探讨感染的危险因素以及是否存在输血之外的传播途径。方法：采用ELISA法和RT－PCR法,对泰安市189名无偿献血员、404名职业献血员、169名单采血浆献血员进行抗－HCV和HGVRNA检测;并对部分抗－HGV阳性献血员及其家属进行流行病学调查。结果：三种献血员人群抗－HGV阳性率分别为1．59％（3／189）、0．99％4／404）和5．33％（9／169）;HGVRNA阳性率分别为0％、0．25％（1／404）和2．37％（4／169）。流行病学调查显示可能存在经母婴传播和性行为传播的感染者。结论：单采血浆和不洁注射为感染危险因素;HGV有可能经母婴垂直和性行为传播。     

Altruism in blood donation: Out of sight out of mind? Closing donation centers influences blood donor lapse

In this paper, we use register data on all blood donors (n = 259,172) and changes in geographical locations of blood donation centers in the Netherlands over the past decade, to examine the strength of altruistic motivations in blood donation by testing how blood donor behavior changes after the cost of donating in the form of time and inconvenience increases. We examined whether closing donation centers influences blood donor lapse, and whether the risk for lapse varies between donors with different blood groups. A lower lapsing risk for donors with universal, O-negative blood as costs increase is considered as evidence of altruism: continued efforts in making a societal impact despite the increased time commitment would indicate altruism in donor behavior. In the total sample, 137,172 (52.9%) donors lapsed at least once. We found a very strong effect of changes in the distance to the nearest collection point on donor lapse. Donors whose nearest donation center closed were 53% more likely to lapse than donors whose donation center remained open, with the risk for donor lapse increasing with each extra kilometer distance to the new nearest donation center. While O-negative donors were 10.5% less likely to lapse after closing a donation center compared to donors with other blood groups, the effect of closing was similar across blood groups. Based on these results, we conclude that blood donors are clearly sensitive to cost changes imposed by blood banks and that they are not particularly motivated by altruistic concerns. Future studies are recommended to further examine the role of contextual factors in motivational change across the blood donor career. Blood banks are advised to strategically place donation centers throughout the country to promote blood donations, and design interventions to reduce donation barriers after changing their donation centers’ locations.     

2011—2018年驻马店市无偿献血人群HIV感染情况调查

目的 分析2011—2018年驻马店市无偿献血人群人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染情况。方法 选择2011年1月—2018年12月驻马店市中心血站无偿献血标本457 261人份,进行HIV抗体筛查。初筛阳性者进行双孔复试,复试阳性者进行确证实验,分析计HIV阳性、阴性患者临床资料,探讨HIV感染的影响因素。结果 457 261人份无偿献血者中,初筛抗HIV阳性898人份,占比0.20%;确证阳性494份,占0.11%;单因素分析中,男性、学历高中及以下、未婚、首次献血与HIV阳性相关,组间比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);Logistic回归分析结果显示:男性、学历高中及以下、未婚、首次献血是无偿献血人群HIV阳性的独立危险因素(P<0.05且OR≥1)。结论 男性、学历高中及以下、未婚、首次献血是其独立影响因素,为保证供血安全,对高危献血者应予以重视,加强无偿献血管理工作。     

山东省某地区献血员丙型肝炎病毒感染状况调查

目的：了解部分地区献血员丙型肝炎病毒（ＨＣＶ）的感染状况及流行因素。方法：对山东省某地区以自然村为单位整群抽取４３５例有偿献血员进行调查,用酶联免疫吸附方法（ＥＬＩＳＡ）对其血清进行抗－ＨＣＶ检测。结果：献血员ＨＣＶ感染率为２１．１５％（９２／３４５）,ＨＣＶ感染率在有献血浆史者为４４．２２％,高于无献血浆史者（９．３８％）,１９９５年前献血者（３３．８３％）高于１９９６年后献血者（９．８４％）,     

Patients' willingness to pay for autologous blood donation

Most cost-effectiveness analyses of autologous blood donation show very small health benefits for a substantial increase in resource utilization. However, these analyses do not consider the psychological benefits of peace of mind to patients participating in the program. In order to quantitate these benefits, we employed contingent valuation methodology to measure the willingness of patients undergoing elective surgery, to pay for autologous blood donation. The internal consistency of patient responses was investigated through correlations of willingness-to-pay values with risk perceptions and patient characteristics. Two hundred and thirty-five patients completed the self-administered questionnaire which included demographic, willingness-to-pay and risk perception questions. Median population willingness to pay for autologous blood donation was approximately $900 per patient. In multivariate analysis, willingness to pay varied significantly with dread of allogenic transfusion, perceived risk of requiring a blood transfusion and income. Patients who participate in autologous blood donation programs value the procedure highly and state they are willing to pay significant amounts out of pocket to assure themselves of available autologous blood. Willingness to pay correlated significantly with factors expected to influence value decisions.     

Nosocomial outbreak of Pantoea agglomerans bacteraemia associated with contaminated anticoagulant citrate dextrose solution: new name, old bug?

We describe an outbreak investigation of Pantoea agglomerans bacteraemia associated with anticoagulant citrate-dextrose 46% (ACD) solution prepared in-house. A healthy man presented with septic shock during plasmapheresis for granulocyte donation. The solution used for priming and blood samples were sent for culture. Identification of the isolate to species level was performed by gyrB sequencing. Typing was performed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). In total, eight cases were identified during a three-week period. P.?agglomerans was also cultured from six ACD solution bags. Isolates from patients and ACD bags were identical by PFGE. All isolates were susceptible to ampicillin, cephazolin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, cefepime and imipenem.