彩色编码数字减影血管造影在定量分析化疗栓塞前后肝脏肿瘤灌注减少中的应用价值

目的 探究彩色编码数字减影血管造影(ccDSA)在TACE术中对肝肿瘤灌注的即刻变化进行定量评测.方法 回顾性研究了35例TACE治疗肝细胞癌病例.TACE术前后用相同参数采集二维数字减影血管造影(2D-DSA).图像序列均经二维ccDSA(2D-ccDSA)进行后处理.在ccDSA图像上测量感兴趣区域(ROI),得到时间密度曲线(time-contrast-intensity CI[t]),并获取肿瘤血供时间(TBST),曲线下面积(AUC)、最大强化值(CI-Peak)和最大上升斜率(MS)这些灌注参数来分析评估TACE前后顺行血流和肿瘤染色减少的程度.并对上述参数与主观血管造影栓塞终点(SACE)标准和临床结果之间的关系进行分析.结果 TACE前后灌注参数的比较有显著差异.AUC和CI-Peak在TACE术后大幅下降.TBST在术后较之术前有显著延迟.灌注减少30％～40％相当于SACE Ⅲ级,灌注减少60％～70％相当于SACEⅣ级.结论 2D-ccDSA可以客观地量化评估TACE术对肝肿瘤血流灌注的影响,为TACE术提供了定量评价动脉血流停滞程度和肿瘤染色减少的指标.     

MR imaging perfusion mismatch: a technique to verify successful targeting of liver tumors during transcatheter arterial chemoembolization

PURPOSE: To evaluate the combined use of transcatheter intraarterial perfusion (TRIP) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging to determine complete tumor targeting during transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) when performed within an integrated MR imaging-interventional radiology (IR) angiography suite. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between October 2006 and March 2007, eight consecutive patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) successfully underwent TACE in a combined MR imaging-IR suite. All patients were male, with a mean age of 59 years (range, 41-71 years). Tumor enhancement on TRIP MR images before and after TACE were qualitatively compared with dynamic contrast-enhanced MR images obtained after TACE. The authors computed the prevalence of perfusion mismatch. The presence of a perfusion mismatch was judged in a binary fashion. RESULTS: A perfusion match, confirming complete tumor targeting, occurred in six of the eight patients (75%). There was a perfusion mismatch in two patients (25%). Subsequent interrogation showed that the underlying cause of the mismatch was secondary to an unexpected collateral vessel in the first patient and watershed location of the tumor in the second patient. CONCLUSIONS: Performing TACE in an MR imaging-IR suite can facilitate complete tumor targeting. By comparing perfusion images from TRIP and contrast-enhanced MR sequences, the operator gains confidence and can potentially obtain more selective catheter placement during TACE.     

Safety and efficacy of transarterial chemoembolization in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma and portal vein thrombosis

PURPOSE: Despite the absence of conclusive data, portal vein (PV) thrombosis is considered a contraindication to transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The purpose of our study was to establish the safety of TACE in such patients and identify key prognostic factors and survival. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data were prospectively collected from 32 consecutive patients with unresectable HCC and PV thrombosis who underwent treatment with TACE. History and physical examination, relevant laboratory values, and contrast material-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) images were obtained before each TACE procedure. Repeated TACE was performed every 6 weeks unless patients developed a contraindication or MR imaging showed complete response. RESULTS: Median overall survival was 9.5 months (range, 3-50 months). Child-Pugh numerical disease stage was the prognostic factor most strongly related to survival. The 30-day mortality rate was zero and there was no evidence of TACE-related hepatic infarction or acute liver failure. The 6-, 9-, 12-, and 18-month survival rates were 60%, 47%, 25%, and 12.5%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: PV thrombosis should not be considered a contraindication to TACE. Compared with historical control subjects who received traditional forms of treatment, the patients in the present study had extended survival. However, prospective randomized trials are necessary to show this conclusively and to show which subgroups benefit.     

Role of functional magnetic resonance imaging in assessing metastatic leiomyosarcoma response to chemoembolization

PURPOSE: To assess the value of functional magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in the evaluation of early tumor response after transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) for metastatic leiomyosarcoma and compare tumor response using functional MR imaging versus traditional imaging response assessment, which is based on tumor size. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We evaluated 31 lesions in 10 patients with liver metastases from leiomyosarcoma using MR imaging studies before and after TACE. Diffusion and contrast-enhanced MR imaging was performed on a 1.5-T unit. Imaging protocol consisted of T2-weighted fast spin-echo images, breath-hold diffusion-weighted echo-planar images, and breath-hold unenhanced and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted 3-dimensional fat-suppressed spoiled gradient-echo images in the arterial phase (20 seconds) and portal venous phase (60 seconds). Parameters evaluated included change in tumor size, enhancement, and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values. Median survival was also calculated for the entire cohort. RESULTS: The 31 lesions evaluated had a mean size of 4.8 cm before treatment. Tumor size decreased only by 2% immediately after treatment. Decrease of tumor enhancement after treatment was significant (P < 0.0001) in the arterial phase (69%) as well as in the portal venous phase (64%). After TACE, mean tumor ADC increased by 20% (P = 0.0015), whereas mean nontreated liver, spleen, and muscle ADC values did not change significantly (P = 0.44, P = 0.287, and P = 0.098, respectively). Patient survival from time of first TACE was 21 months for the entire cohort. CONCLUSION: In patients with leiomyosarcoma and liver metastases who were treated with TACE, significant early changes in the treated lesions occurred on functional MR imaging. These include decrease in tumor enhancement and increase in tumor ADC value, suggesting increasing tumor necrosis and cell death. Changes in tumor size were small and inadequate to assess treatment response, suggesting limitation of the current response criteria in the early assessment of tumor response.     

Assessment of metastatic breast cancer response to chemoembolization with contrast agent enhanced and diffusion-weighted MR imaging

PURPOSE: To assess the value of functional magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in the evaluation of early tumor response after transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) for metastatic breast cancer and to compare tumor response based on functional MR imaging versus traditional assessment based on iodized oil deposition, tumor size, and tumor enhancement. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For 14 patients with metastatic breast cancer, MR imaging studies before and after TACE were evaluated. Diffusion and contrast medium-enhanced MR imaging was performed on a 1.5-T unit. Parameters evaluated included change in tumor size, enhancement, and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values. Median survival was also calculated in the entire cohort. RESULTS: A total number of 27 lesions were evaluated, with a mean diameter of 5.5 cm. Although mean tumor size decreased by 18% after treatment, no tumors met the Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors (RECIST) for complete response (ie, complete disappearance of target lesions) and only seven of 27 met RECIST for partial response (ie, >30% decrease in target lesion size). After treatment, decrease of tumor enhancement in the arterial (32%) and portal venous (39%) phases was statistically significant (P < .0001). Mean tumor ADC increased by 27% (P < .0001) after TACE, whereas ADC remained unchanged in nontumorous liver, spleen, and kidney. Median survival was 25 months for the entire cohort. CONCLUSION: In patients with breast cancer and liver metastases who were treated with TACE, although changes in tumor size were small, significant early changes in the treated lesions occurred on contrast medium-enhanced and functional MR imaging. These include decrease in tumor enhancement and increase in tumor ADC value, which suggest increasing tumor necrosis and cell death.     

Detection of hepatic tumor perfusion following transcatheter arterial chemoembolization with dynamic susceptibility contrast-enhanced echoplanar imaging

The aim of the study was to evaluate the usefulness of the magnetic resonance (MR) perfusion maps in the detection of liver tumor perfusion following transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE). MR dynamic susceptibility contrast-enhanced imaging was performed in 12 patients with 10 confirmed hepatocellular carcinoma and 2 confirmed hepatic metastasis using single-shot echoplanar pulse sequence. Time-intensity curves for all hepatic tumors showed a transient signal drop and the hepatic blood volume (HBV) maps were reconstructed. On the HBV maps, most tumors (80%) demonstrated hyperperfusion before TACE and hypoperfusion following TACE. The site and the degree of residual hyperperfusion within the tumor on the HBV maps correlated well with the areas of hypervascularity on the angiograms. In conclusion, the MR perfusion maps can be a promising technique for detecting the perfusion of the residual tumor tissue following TACE.     

Evaluation of therapeutic effectiveness of transarterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma: correlation of dynamic susceptibility contrast-enhanced echoplanar imaging and hepatic angiography

The objective of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effectiveness of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with dynamic susceptibility contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DSC-MRI). Seventeen patients with histopathologically proven HCC were included in this study. All patients underwent MR examinations with conventional T1- and T2-weighted images, gadolinium-enhanced images, and DSC-MRI before TACE treatment. Hepatic blood volume (HBV) maps were reconstructed from the time-intensity curves. The same MRI sequences and techniques were repeated 24 h and 6 weeks after TACE. Serial changes in tumor perfusion on HBV maps were correlated with vascularity in hepatic angiography. All tumors were hypointense on T1-weighted images and hyperintense on T2-weighted images. Heterogeneous enhancement was observed in all tumors before and immediately after TACE. Hyperperfusion was noted in most of the tumors on HBV map before TACE and moderate to marked hypoperfusion following TACE. The degree of tumor perfusion on HBV map correlated well with the vascularity in angiography. In conclusion, the noninvasive nature of DSC-MRI is useful to evaluate the effectiveness of TACE. Invasive procedures, such as angiography, are seldom necessary.     

The role of functional MR imaging in the assessment of tumor response after chemoembolization in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma

PURPOSE: To assess treatment response of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) with use of diffusion and dynamic contrast medium-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MR imaging studies before and after TACE in 38 patients with HCC (33 male patients and five female patients) were evaluated. Diffusion and dynamic contrast medium-enhanced MR imaging was performed on a 1.5-T unit. The imaging protocol included T2-weighted fast spin-echo, breath-hold diffusion-weighted echoplanar, and breath-hold unenhanced and contrast medium-enhanced T1-weighted three-dimensional fat-saturation gradient-recalled echo imaging in the arterial and portal venous phases. Tumor size, percent enhancement, and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were recorded before and after treatment. Survival analysis was also performed. RESULTS: The study included 38 lesions with a mean diameter of 8.0 cm. Mean reduction in tumor diameter was 8 mm after treatment (t test; P = .0005), which did not fulfill Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors for complete or partial response. Reduction in tumor enhancement in the arterial (30%) and venous (47%) phases was statistically significant (signed-rank test; P = .0003 and P < 0.00005, respectively). Tumor ADC value increased from 0.0015 mm(2)/sec to 0.0018 mm(2)/sec after treatment (t test; P = .026), whereas the ADC values for the liver, spleen, and muscle remained unchanged. Median patient survival was 19 months. CONCLUSIONS: After TACE, tumors demonstrated decreased size and enhancement with increases in ADC values. In this cohort, diffusion and dynamic contrast medium-enhanced MR imaging parameters were significantly altered after TACE, and these could be useful tools in the assessment of tumor response.     

Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization in unresectable cholangiocarcinoma: initial experience in a single institution

PURPOSE: Unresectable cholangiocarcinoma carries a dismal prognosis, with median survival times ranging from 6 to 12 months from the time of diagnosis. Palliative therapies have been disappointing and have not been shown to significantly prolong survival. Conversely, transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) has been effective in prolonging the lives of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma but has not been used against cholangiocarcinoma. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to assess the safety and efficacy (ie, survival) of TACE in patients with unresectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventeen patients with unresectable cholangiocarcinoma were treated with one or more cycles of TACE between 1995 and 2004 at our institution. Follow-up imaging was performed on all patients 4-6 weeks after each TACE procedure to determine tumor response and need for further treatment. Survival was calculated with use of the Kaplan-Meier survival curve. RESULTS: The median survival for 17 patients treated with TACE was 23 months. Two patients with previously unresectable disease underwent successful resection after TACE. The procedure was well tolerated by 82% of the patients, who experienced no side effects or mild side effects that quickly resolved with conservative therapy alone. Two patients had minor complications (12%), which were managed successfully, and one had a major complication that resulted in a fatal outcome. This patient had a rapidly declining course from the time of diagnosis and died shortly after TACE. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that TACE was effective at prolonging survival of patients with unresectable cholangiocarcinoma. Therefore, for these patients, TACE may be an appropriate palliative therapy.     

Evaluating local hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence post‐transcatheter arterial chemoembolization: Is diffusion‐weighted MRI reliable as an indicator?

PURPOSE: To evaluate the detectability of local hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recurrence after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) by diffusion-weighted MR imaging in correlation with those of gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Respiratory-triggered diffusion-weighted MR images (b factor, 500 s/mm(2); number of averaging, six were obtained in 25 patients with 39 HCCs. Two independent radiologists evaluated diffusion-weighted MR images, gadolinium-enhanced MR images after TACE, and assigned confidence levels for postoperative HCC recurrence. Apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) in HCCs were also measured. Sensitivities and specificities were compared using an extension of the McNemar test. Observer performance was also determined by ROC curve analysis. RESULTS: Local recurrences in 14 HCCs and complete tumor necrosis in 25 HCCs after TACE were determined. Sensitivity for the detection of local HCC recurrence was higher on gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging (82%) than on diffusion-weighted MR imaging (60.7%) for the two readers in combination and separately (P < 0.05). Specificities were comparably high for both sequences. Az values were higher for gadolinium-enhanced MR images (0.92) than for diffusion-weighted MR images (0.74) for readers in combination and separately (P < 0.05). Mean ADC values showed an increase after TACE (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Diffusion-weighted MR imaging was not found to be a reliable predictor of local HCC recurrence after TACE as compared with gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging.     

全肝MR灌注成像评价肝细胞癌经导管动脉化疗栓塞短期效果的价值

目的 观察肝细胞癌患者经导管动脉化疗栓塞(TAGE)治疗前后MR PWI表现和灌注值的改变.方法 回顾性分析经穿刺活检病理证实的肝细胞癌患者28例,在TACE术前和术后3～10 d分别进行MR PWI,得出术前及术后负增强积分(NEI)、病灶达峰值时间(TTP)、最大信号下降斜率(MSD)和信号增强比(SER),采用t检验比较TACE术前与术后上述各指标的差异.结果 肝细胞癌瘤区时间信号曲线(TIC)TACE术前呈快速下降,TACE术后趋向平缓;TTP及SER术前分别为(51.2±10.3)s和60.6±36.3,术后分别为(43.7±12.0)s和41.2±27.5,术后较术前降低;NEI值术后为149.6±80.1,术前为108.7±58.9,术后较术前升高,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).MSD值术后较术前降低,但差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 MR PWI能够敏感地观察到TACE术前后的血流变化,用于评价TACE早期疗效.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the value of MR perfusion imaging in early detection of findings following arterial chemoembolization of hepatocellular carcinoma Methods Twenty eight consecutive patients with pathologically-confirmed HCC were evaluated. All patients underwent MR perfusion imaging at pre-TACE and 3 to 10 days after TACE. The negative enhancement integral (NEI) ,the time to peak(TTP) ,the maximum slope of decrease (MSD) , the signal enhance ratio (SER) were acquired from MRI software FuncTool 2. 5.36a Version. Statistical analysis using SPSS 14, least significant difference test (t test) were utilized. Results The time intensive curve of tumor was observed to descend rapidly to reach the peak at pre-TACE studies, whereas it descended slowly to reach the peak on post TACE studies. The Value of TTP and SER prior to TACE were(51.2 ± 10. 3) s, 60. 6 ± 36. 3 respectively, and post TACE (43.7 ± 12. 0)s, 41.2 ±27. 5 respectively. The values of TTP and SER post TACE were lower than those prior to TACE (P ＜ 0. 05). The value of NEI prior to TACE was 108.7 ± 58.9, and after TACE 149. 6 ±80. 1 and there was statistically significant difference (P ＜0. 05). The Value of MSD post TACE were lower than those prior to TACE, but there was no statistical significance (P ＞ 0. 05). Conclusion PWI is a very sensitive imaging technique that can be used to monitor early dynamic changes of HCC following TACE.     

CT灌注成像评价肝细胞癌TACE前后血供的初步经验

目的:探讨经导管动脉化疗栓塞术(TACE)治疗肝细胞癌(HCC)前后血流灌注变化。材料和方法:对21例HCC患者TACE治疗前、后1个月行CT灌注成像扫描,测量肿瘤组织治疗前后肝动脉灌注值(HAP)、门静脉灌注值(HPP)及肝动脉灌注指数(HPI)。结果:治疗前7例肿瘤组织肝动脉灌注图呈均匀高灌注,14例呈不均匀高灌注,液化坏死区无血流灌注。门静脉灌注图,20例呈低灌注,1例无血流灌注。TACE后肿瘤组织HAP及HPI显著减少,HPP无明显变化。5例病灶碘油完全充填,16例病灶部分区域碘油充填,碘油区无血流灌注,肿瘤残留区仍有血流灌注。结论:CT灌注成像为评价TACE疗效提供了一个新方法。     

Malignant hepatic tumors: Changes on MRI after hepatic arterial chemoembolization – preliminary findings

This study describes the MR appearances of malignant hypervascular liver lesions pre- and post-hepatic-arterial chemoembolization, with correlation to serial imaging and clinical responses. Eight patients with malignant hypervascular liver lesions underwent pretreatment and posttreatment MR examination on a 1.5-T MR imager. MR sequences included T1-weighted spoiled gradient echo (SGE), T2-weighted fat-suppressed spin echo or turbo spin echo, and dynamic gadolinium-enhanced SGE images. All patients underwent pretreatment, initial posttreatment, and subsequent posttreatment MR studies. The histology of primary tumors included various types of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (four patients: fibrolamellar HCC [one patient], HCC [two patients], mixed HCC/cholangiocarcinoma [one patient]) and liver metastases (four patients: untyped islet cell tumor [two patients], gastrinoma [one patient], carcinoid [one patient]). Response to chemoembolization was determined by three assessments: MR response, serial imaging response, and clinical response. The appearance of MR response to chemoembolization was determined based on the correlation with clinical and serial imaging response. The MR response of lesions that showed good clinical response included: increase in signal intensity on T1-weighted images (three patients), decrease in signal intensity on T2-weighted images (three patients), and negligible or minimal enhancement on immediate postgadolinium images (four patients) after chemoembolization. The most marked change in lesion appearance was observed in lesions < 1 cm, which had intense homogeneous enhancement on pretreatment MR studies and negligible enhancement on initial posttreatment MR examinations. MR response of lesions that showed moderate clinical response demonstrated a variety of lesion appearances from substantial change to minimal change. MR response of lesions that showed poor clinical response demonstrated no change in lesion appearances compared with the pretreatment MR study. Our results demonstrated change in appearance of liver lesions between pre- and post-hepatic-arterial chemoembolization MR studies. MR response correlated with response determined by serial imaging studies and clinical findings.     

Effect of C-arm angiographic CT on transcatheter arterial chemoembolization of liver tumors

Rotational C-arm angiographic computed tomography (CT) with a flat-panel radiography unit permits three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of soft tissues and blood vessels. The usefulness of this C-arm technique during transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) is unknown. The authors analyzed the role of the C-arm technique in 18 patients with unresectable liver tumors during TACE. The technique altered the catheter position anticipated by attending interventional radiologists in seven of the 18 patients (39%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 20%, 61%) and improved the diagnostic confidence in the selected catheter position in 14 of the 18 patients (78%; 95% CI: 55%, 91%). The technique provides CT-like images that are useful to interventional radiologists during TACE.     

Transarterielle Chemoembolisation bei hepatozellulären Karzinomen: Technik, Indikationsstellung, Ergebnisse

BACKGROUND: At time of diagnosis 80% of the patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) could not be treated with surgical treatments, so that transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) was used as an neoadjuvant or palliative treatment modality. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 60 patients were treated with 217 TACE courses, in the mean 3.6 TACE treatments per patient with an 4 week interval. TACE was performed with a dispersion of lipiodol, mitomycin C and spherex. 11 patients (18.3%) were treated in a neoadjuvant protocol with successful ablation. Lipiodol retention and size of the tumors were evaluated by CT and MRI. RESULTS: 60 patients were successful treated with TACE. After treatment a primary high lipiodol retention was displayed and in 68 (63.3%) patients a reduction of the tumor size and in 11 (20%) patients a reduction of tumor growth rate was noted. The 1 year survival rate was 59%. After response to TACE and reducing the tumor size 11 patients could be treated with MR-guided LITT 4 to 6 weeks post embolization. CONCLUSION: Chemoembolization is a minimal invasive and outpatient treatment protocol for HCC. TACE might be indicated as a palliative treatment to control the diseased liver. If repeated TACE alters the size and structure of primary unresectable HCC TACE expands the indication for MR-guided LITT.     

CT灌注成像在肝癌TACE术后疗效评价中的应用价值

目的 探讨双源CT灌注成像(CTPI)在HCC TACE术后疗效评价中的价值.方法 对24例HCC患者于TACE术前1～3 d、术后6～8 d和30～40 d分别行双源CT灌注扫描,经肝脏CT灌注软件得到肝动脉灌注量(HAP)、门静脉灌注量(PVP)、肝动脉灌注指数(HPI)等彩色灌注图,在图像上分别测定相应的灌注参数值,观察TACE治疗前后肿瘤组织的血流灌注变化及肿瘤的大小改变,评价TACE治疗肿瘤的疗效.结果 TACE术前9例肿瘤呈均匀高灌注,15例呈不均匀高灌注.术后8例瘤灶内碘油沉积密实,16例碘油沉积不均.灌注图像显示碘油沉积区域无血流灌注,碘油稀疏及缺乏区域仍有血流灌注.所有患者术前、术后6～8 d及肿瘤残留患者复发前后的肿瘤组织HAP、HPI差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),而PVP则差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).术前、术后6～8 d肿瘤最大径以及肿瘤残留患者复发前后肿瘤最大径均无明显变化(P＞0.05).TACE术后,16例残瘤组织及正常肝组织HAP、PVP、HPI差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 CT灌注成像能直观和定量地反映肝癌TACE前后的血流动力学变化,有助于TACE疗效的评价.     

肝脏磁共振扩散加权成像对肝癌化疗栓塞后疗效评价的实验性研究

目的应用MR扩散加权成像(diffusion weighted imaging,DWI)技术评价兔肝癌化疗栓塞疗效。材料与方法首先建立兔VX2肝癌模型,采用Seldinger’s法经股动脉插管行选择性肝动脉造影成功后,行肝动脉化疗栓塞术(TACE),治疗前后行MR DWI,记录表观扩散系数(apparent diffusion coefficient,ADC)值。结果 DWI图像质量随b值增加而明显下降。整个肿瘤ADC值TACE术前为(1.48±0.36)×10 s/mm2,TACE术后为(1.78±0.15)×10 s/mm2,两者差异有统计学意义(t=2.885,P<0.05)。结论 MR DWI作为无创性检查方法,可以用于评价肝癌化疗栓塞疗效。     

Therapeutic effect of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization on hepatocellular carcinoma: evaluation with contrast-enhanced harmonic power Doppler ultrasound

The aim of this study was to investigate the usefulness of contrast-enhanced harmonic power Doppler ultrasound (US) for the detection of residual viable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after treatment with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE). Forty-seven patients with 68 HCC lesions 1.8–9.5 cm in diameter (mean ± SD 4.3 ± 1.7 cm) underwent contrast-enhanced power Doppler US, in the harmonic mode, before and after treatment with TACE. Unenhanced spiral CT and contrast-enhanced dynamic MR imaging were also performed to help establish the outcome of therapy. Before treatment, intratumoral blood flow signals were detected at contrast-enhanced harmonic power Doppler US in 65 (95 %) of 68 lesions. After TACE, flow signals were no longer detectable in 22 of these 65 lesions, which showed complete response at spiral CT and dynamic MR imaging. In 38 (88 %) of the 43 lesions with partial response, intratumoral flow signals were still identified at contrast-enhanced harmonic power Doppler US. Twenty-eight of these 38 lesions underwent additional treatment with percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI) using contrast-enhanced harmonic power Doppler US guidance. Complete response was seen after PEI in 23 of 28 lesions. Contrast-enhanced harmonic power Doppler US proved useful for assessing the therapeutic effect of TACE on HCC and for guiding additional treatment with PEI in cases of partial response. Received: 25 January 2000; Revised: 21 April 2000; Accepted: 25 April 2000     

动脉热灌注化疗联合超选择栓塞治疗不可切除结直肠癌肝转移的临床研究

目的：研究动脉热灌注化疗联合超选择栓塞治疗不可切除结直肠癌肝转移的效果。 方法：选取2014年1月—2016年7月我科诊治的39例结直肠癌肝转移患者,分为2组,研究组（22例）在肠系膜上动脉、肝固有动脉以51℃灌注化疗1 h,然后超选择至肝脏病灶的供血动脉,进行化疗栓塞。对照组（17例）接受传统的肝动脉化疗栓塞（TACE）治疗。比较2组的客观有效率、临床获益率及1年生存率。同时记录并比较两组的不良反应。 结果：两组的客观有效率无统计学差异（27.3% vs. 23.5%,P>0.05）,临床获益率也无统计学差异（81.8% vs. 76.5%,P>0.05）。但研究组的1年生存率显著高于对照组（63.2% vs. 46.7%,P<0.05）。两组都未出现血管痉挛、闭塞等特殊并发症。 结论：动脉热灌注化疗联合超选择栓塞治疗不可切除结直肠癌肝转移的远期效果优于传统TACE。     

Comparison of transcatheter intraarterial perfusion MR imaging and fluorescent microsphere perfusion measurements during transcatheter arterial embolization of rabbit liver tumors

PURPOSE: Transcatheter intraarterial perfusion (TRIP) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is clinically used in the interventional MR imaging setting to verify distribution of injected embolic or chemoembolic material during liver-directed transcatheter therapies and to monitor reductions in perfusion. The accuracy of this technique remains unknown. In the present study, rabbit VX2 liver tumors were used to test the hypothesis that TRIP MR imaging accurately measures changes in tumor perfusion during transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE), with injection of fluorescent microspheres used as the gold-standard technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Five New Zealand White rabbits were used for this study (two donor rabbits and three with VX2 liver tumors). In three rabbits with implanted VX2 liver tumors, catheters were superselectively placed under digital subtraction angiographic guidance into the left hepatic artery supplying the targeted tumor. Fluorescent microspheres were injected into each rabbit's left ventricle before and after TAE. TRIP MR images were obtained at baseline and after embolizations for all rabbits with intraarterial injections of 2.5% gadopentetate dimeglumine solution. Linear regression was used to compare relative reductions in tumor perfusion between TRIP MR imaging and fluorescent microspheres. Results were considered statistically significant at a P value less than .05. RESULTS: There was good correlation between TRIP MR imaging and fluorescent microsphere measurements of reduction in tumor perfusion (r = 0.722, P < .012). CONCLUSIONS: TRIP MR imaging provides accurate semiquantitative measurement of perfusion reduction during TAE in rabbit liver tumors.