uPA和uPAR在侵袭性垂体腺瘤中的表达及意义

目的研究尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物(urokinase-type plasminogen activator,uPA)及其特异性受体uPAR在非侵袭性与侵袭性垂体腺瘤中的表达,探讨其与垂体腺瘤侵袭性的关系。方法 61例垂体腺瘤分为侵袭性和非侵袭性两组,采用免疫荧光检测uPA和uPAR的蛋白表达情况,应用RT-PCR检测uPA和uPARmRNA表达水平,并用t检验、2检验,spearman相关分析法分析比较两组肿瘤之间uPA和uPAR的表达差异性。结果在所检测的肿瘤中,31例为侵袭性垂体腺瘤,30例为非侵袭性垂体腺瘤,免疫荧光结果显示在侵袭性垂体腺瘤及非侵袭垂体腺瘤的uPA阳性表达率分别为67.74%和36.67%(P0.05)、uPAR为58.06%和30.00%(P0.05),PCR检测结果显示侵袭性垂体腺瘤组与非侵袭组中uPA的相对表达量为0.5468±0.0464和0.4462±0.0305(P0.05)、uPAR为0.6463±0.0314和0.5464±0.0471(P0.05)。检测结果显示侵袭性垂体腺瘤组中uPA和uPAR的mRNA及蛋白表达水平明显高于非侵袭组,并且两个指标间存在正相关性(r=0.525,P0.05)。结论 uPA和uPAR在侵袭性垂体腺瘤中的表达明显上调,说明其可能与垂体腺瘤侵袭性有关。     

经鼻蝶入路神经内镜手术和显微手术治疗垂体腺瘤的疗效

目的 探讨神经内镜手术和显微手术治疗垂体腺瘤的疗效.方法 回顾性分析2016年1月至2018年1月手术治疗的110例垂体腺瘤的临床资料,均采用经鼻蝶入路,其中45例采用显微手术(显微组),65例采用神经内镜手术(内镜组).结果 内镜组肿瘤全切除率(93.85％,61/65)明显高于显微组(71.11％,32/45;P＜...     

神经内镜下经单鼻孔蝶窦入路垂体瘤切除术治疗垂体腺瘤疗效分析

目的分析神经内镜下经单鼻孔蝶窦入路垂体瘤切除术对垂体腺瘤(PA)的治疗效果。方法以我院2012-04—2015-02收治的30例垂体腺瘤患者为研究对象,随机双盲法分为2组各15例,对照组采取传统显微镜经单鼻孔蝶窦入路垂体瘤切除术,观察组则于神经内镜下行经单鼻孔蝶窦入路垂体瘤切除术,比较2组手术指标、肿瘤切除及并发症情况。结果观察组手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间分别为(91.2±20.5)min、(45.5±11.6)mL、(8.6±2.7)d,均显著低于对照组的(116.0±27.2)min、(73.2±22.0)mL、(14.5±3.0)d,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。2组肿瘤全切率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论神经内镜下经单鼻孔蝶窦入路垂体瘤切除术治疗PA安全有效。     

人类大鼠肉瘤蛋白同源蛋白和高迁移率族蛋白A1在垂体腺瘤中的表达与侵袭性的关系

目的 研究人类大鼠肉瘤蛋白同源蛋白(V-Ha-Ras harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog,HRAS)和高迁移率族蛋白A1(High-mobility group A1,HMGA1)在侵袭性和非侵袭性垂体腺瘤组织中的表达情况及二者与垂体腺瘤侵袭性的关系.方法 60例垂体腺瘤手术标本按侵袭性垂体腺瘤综合判定方法分为侵袭组和非侵袭组,采用RT-PCR法检测HRAS和HMGA1的mRNA表达水平,采用免疫组织化学法及western blot法检测HRAS和HMGA1的蛋白表达水平,分析侵袭组和非侵袭组HRAS和HMGA1表达水平的差异.结果 60例垂体瘤患者中,28例为侵袭性垂体腺瘤,32例为非侵袭性垂体腺瘤.侵袭性垂体腺瘤组HRAS阳性表达率(22/28)、免疫印迹灰度值(1.25±0.16)、mRNA表达量(0.96±0.16)均高于非侵袭性腺瘤组(15/32、0.76±0.10、0.54±0.15)(P＜ 0.05),侵袭性垂体腺瘤组HMGA1阳性表达率(20/28)、免疫印迹灰度值(0.98±0.12)、mRNA表达量(1.12±0.20)均高于非侵袭性腺瘤组(14/32、0.66±0.09、0.52±0.19)(P＜ 0.05),差别具有统计学意义.结论 HRAS和HMGA1在侵袭性垂体腺瘤中表达上调,提示二者与垂体腺瘤侵袭性行为的发生有关.     

神经导航多模态系统辅助神经内镜在 KnospⅢ、Ⅳ级垂体腺瘤手术中的应用

目的探讨神经内镜联合神经导航多模态系统在侵袭性垂体腺瘤切除术中的应用,及其效果。方法回顾性分析中国医科大学附属第一医院神经外科2014年1月—2018年1月,手术治疗的104例侵袭性垂体腺瘤患者的临床资料。其中,70例患者在神经导航多模态系统的辅助下行肿瘤切除术(神经导航组),34例患者在没有术中影像引导下行传统手术(对照组)。比较两组患者侵袭性垂体腺瘤手术切除的程度、术后并发症的发生情况和复发率。结果对照组中20例患者(58. 8%)的肿瘤完全切除,神经导航组中有59例患者(84. 3%)完全切除;两组肿瘤全切率比较,差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。术后,神经导航组中有10例患者(14. 3%)出现并发症,其中尿崩症4例、脑脊液鼻漏4例、视力下降2例。对照组中18例患者(52. 9%)出现并发症,其中术后出血1例、尿崩症6例、视力下降5例、脑脊液鼻漏6例。对照组的术后并发症发生率明显高于神经导航组,差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。对照组中5例次全切除或部分切除的患者在术后12个月内肿瘤复发。结论神经导航多模态系统可以在手术过程中,实时呈现病变及其与邻近神经血管之间的空间关系,能显著提高侵袭性垂体腺瘤的全切率,减少并发症发生率和肿瘤复发率。神经导航多模态系统和神经内镜的结合成为侵袭性垂体腺瘤术中引导的重要工具。     

神经内镜与显微镜经单鼻孔蝶窦入路垂体腺瘤切除术的临床效果对比分析

目的探讨显微镜、神经内镜下经单鼻孔蝶窦入路手术切除垂体腺瘤的临床效果。方法60例非复发型泌乳素垂体腺瘤患者中,32例患者的垂体腺瘤经显微镜下单鼻孔蝶窦入路手术切除,28例经神经内镜下单鼻孔蝶窦入路手术切除。将围手术期及预后的情况进行比较,所有患者术后随访6个月。结果神经内镜组患者住院时间为（5．0±1．6）d、出血量为（50．0±8．4）ml、手术持续时间为（97．6±9．O）min及并发症发生率7．1％（2,28）,显微镜组则分别为（7．4±1．1）d、（80．4±7．4）ml、（155．0±15．7）min及34．4％（11／32）,两组均相差显著（P〈0．05）。海绵窦受侵袭患者的肿瘤切除率及泌乳及月经改善情况神经内镜组也优于显微镜组（P〈O．05）。结论在神经内镜下较在显微镜下经单鼻孔蝶窦入路切除垂体腺瘤更微创,显露更清楚,相对更安全,效果更好。     

MMP-9、VEGF和p16在垂体腺瘤中的表达及其与该腺瘤侵袭性的相关性研究

目的研究基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)、血管内皮细胞生长因子(VEGF)和p16在侵袭性和非侵袭性垂体腺瘤中的表达及其与垂体腺瘤侵袭性的相关性。方法用免疫组化方法检测MMP-9、VEGF和p16在30例侵袭性和24例非侵袭性垂体腺瘤中的表达水平,并分析其垂体腺瘤侵袭性的关系。结果 MMP-9、VEGF标记指数在侵袭性垂体腺瘤中分别为(39.44±5.61)%和(24.28±3.94)%,均较非侵袭性垂体腺瘤中的(22.17±4.32)%和(17.62±1.89)%显著增高(P0.01)。p16在非侵袭性垂体腺瘤中的标记指数为(27.49±4.07)%,较侵袭性垂体腺瘤的标记指数(20.18±3.26)%显著增高(P0.01)。垂体腺瘤的侵袭性与MMP-9和VEGF的表达呈正相关(P0.05),而与p16表达呈负相关(P0.05)。结论 MMP-9、VEGF的表达增高和p16的表达降低与垂体腺瘤的侵袭性密切相关。     

神经内镜下与显微镜下经鼻蝶入路手术切除垂体腺瘤的临床效果

目的比较神经内镜下与显微镜下经鼻蝶入路手术切除垂体腺瘤的临床效果。方法选取2013-05—2015-05我院收治的垂体腺瘤患者72例为研究对象,采用随机数表法分为观察组和对照组各36例,观察组与对照组分别在神经内镜、显微镜下经鼻蝶入路手术切除垂体腺瘤,比较2组手术时间、术中出血量及住院时间等围术期指标,同时采用内分泌放射免疫超微量法分析2组生长激素(HGH)、催乳素(PRL)、促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)水平,并记录肿瘤有效切除率及并发症发生率。结果观察组手术时间较对照组长(P0.05),观察组术中出血量(50.28±2.21)mL、住院时间较对照组少(P0.05);2组术后HGH、PRL、ACTH水平均降低(P0.05),但组间比较无显著差异(P0.05);观察组肿瘤有效切除率97.2%,高于对照组的83.3%(P0.05),2组并发症发生率(8.3%vs 5.6%)比较无显著差异(P0.05)。结论神经内镜下经鼻蝶入路手术切除术对垂体腺瘤的临床效果较显微镜好,可有效降低患者内分泌激素水平,且肿瘤有效切除率高,并发症少,值得推广应用。     

基质金属蛋白酶表达和MVD计数与垂体腺瘤侵袭性的关系研究

目的研究基质金属蛋白酶表达和微血管密度(MVD)计数与垂体腺瘤侵袭性相关性。方法选取垂体腺瘤手术标本41例,分为侵袭组(18例)和非侵袭组(23例)。采用免疫组化法检测MMP-2在两组中的表达水平,并计数垂体腺瘤组织中MVD。结果MMP-2在侵袭组和非侵袭组表达阳性率分别为72.2%(13/18)、26.1%(6/23),两组比较有显著性差异(P<0.05);MVD计数在侵袭组和非侵袭组分别为50.51、13.41,两组比较有显著性差异(P<0.05);侵袭性垂体腺瘤中MMP-2的表达水平与MVD计数呈正相关(P=0.000)。结论MMP-2和MVD表达与垂体腺瘤侵袭性密切相关。     

垂体泌乳素微腺瘤围手术期糖皮质激素补充治疗的探讨

目的探讨经蝶窦入路显微手术切除垂体泌乳素微腺瘤技术与围手术期激素变化的相关性及补充治疗的必要性,及基于假性包膜术式对病人垂体功能保护的临床意义。方法将75例垂体泌乳素微腺瘤病人随机分组,对照组(n=25):术前及术后均不使用激素;术前激素组(n=25):术前常规使用激素,术后不使用;围手术期激素组(n=25):术前及术后常规使用激素。所有病人行导航(或)内镜辅助经蝶窦显微切除术,术后随访及收集资料并进行分析。结果平均随访12个月,镜下肿瘤全切率100%,治愈率达94.67%。组间术前、术后3 d、术后1个月、术后3个月8AM血清皮质醇未见统计学差异(P0.05),随访未见垂体功能低下。结论垂体泌乳素微腺瘤经蝶窦基于假性包膜外显微切除疗效显著,手术并发症少,对正常垂体功能干扰小,围手术期是否常规激素补充还值得进一步探讨。     

The effect of age of onset of PD on risk of dementia

Background Dementia occurs in the majority of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Late onset of PD has been reported to be associated with a higher risk for dementia. However, age at onset (AAO) and age at baseline assessment are often correlated. The aim of this study was to explore whether AAO of PD symptoms is a risk factor for dementia independent of the general effect of age. Methods Two community-based studies of PD in New York (n = 281) and Rogaland county, Norway (n = 227) and two population-based groups of healthy elderly from New York (n = 180) and Odense, Denmark (n = 2414) were followed prospectively for 3–4 years and assessed for dementia according to DSM-IIIR. All PD and control cases underwent neurological examination and were followed with neurological and neuropsychological assessments. We used Cox proportional hazards regression based on three different time scales to explore the effect of AAO of PD on risk of dementia, adjusting for age at baseline and other demographic and clinical variables. Findings In both PD groups and in the pooled analyses, there was a significant effect of age at baseline assessment on the time to develop dementia, but there was no effect of AAO independent of age itself. Consistent with these results, there was no increased relative effect of age on the time to develop dementia in PD cases compared with controls. Interpretation This study shows that it is the general effect of age, rather than AAO that is associated with incident dementia in subjects with PD. Received in revised form: 22 December 2005     

腺垂体功能减退症临床特征变化分析

目的探讨腺垂体功能减退症患者的病因结构变化及临床表现。方法回顾性分析我院2013-01—2016-12住院及门诊78例腺垂体功能减退症患者的临床资料。结果男32例(41.03%),女46例(58.97%);诊断时年龄11~89岁,平均62.5岁;鞍区占位(包括术前及术后)52例(66.67%),席汉综合征8例(10.26%),空泡蝶鞍9例(11.65%),病因不明8例(10.26%),垂体-下丘脑发育不良1例(1.28%)。首次就诊科室:纳差厌食、恶心呕吐就诊于消化内科36例(46.15%)最常见。ACTH+TSH+Gn+G激素缺乏为19例最多,占24.36%,ACTH+TSH+Gn缺乏15例,占19.23%。结论腺垂体功能减退症病因结构发生变化,发病人群、首发症状及受累激素也不同,患者女性多于男性,发病年龄偏高,症状不典型,分布于临床多个科室,其中以低钠血症为首发临床表现就诊消化内科最多。     

Standards of instrumentation of EMG

Standardization of Electromyography (EMG) instrumentation is of particular importance to ensure high quality recordings. This consensus report on “Standards of Instrumentation of EMG” is an update and extension of the earlier IFCN Guidelines published in 1999. First, a panel of experts in different fields from different geographical distributions was invited to submit a section on their particular interest and expertise. Then, the merged document was circulated for comments and edits until a consensus emerged.The first sections in this document cover technical aspects such as instrumentation, EMG hardware and software including amplifiers and filters, digital signal analysis and instrumentation settings. Other sections cover the topics such as temporary storage, trigger and delay line, averaging, electrode types, stimulation techniques for optimal and standardised EMG examinations, and the artefacts electromyographers may face and safety rules they should follow. Finally, storage of data and databases, report generators and external communication are summarized.     

帕金森病运动症状进展分析

目的分析帕金森病(PD)患者运动症状进展特点。方法采用PD统一评分量表(UPDRS)Ⅲ对912例PD患者进行评估。结果与病程1年的患者比较,除病程1~2年的患者外,其他病程患者的UPDRSⅢ评分、强直分、姿势或步态异常分、轴性症状总分、言语分、步态分显著升高(均P0.05),病程5~6年及14年患者的震颤分,病程5~6年、7~8年、9~13年、14年患者的运动迟缓分、姿势分显著升高(P0.05~0.01)。轴性症状进展速度高于UPDRSⅢ评分。结论 PD患者病程早期UPDRSⅢ评分进展快,震颤症状进展独立于其他症状,轴性症状评分较UPDRSⅢ更敏感地反映疾病加重趋势。     

Effects of prevention of afferentation of the development of the chick optic lobe

BONDY, S. C., M. E. HARRINGTON AND C. L. ANDERSON. Effects of prevention of afferentation on the developmentof the chick optic lobe. BRAIN RES. BULL. 3(5) 411–413, 1978.—The effects of unilateral extirpation of the right optic cup of the three-day incubated chick embryo upon the rate of synthesis and the stability of DNA in the non-innervated optic lobe, have been studied. This surgical procedure prevents innervation of the optic lobe contralateral to the removed eye, while the other optic lobe is normally innervated by retinal ganglion cells of the remaining eye. At the 20th day of incubation, the DNA content of the non-innervated lobe was below that of the paired lobe receiving normal innervation. This deficiency of cell number was caused by two events; death of an excess number of neurons formed early in embryogenesis and a reduced rate of glial proliferation in the later stages of incubation.     

Release of endogenous catecholamines from slices of hypothalamus of rats

The release of endogenous catecholamines from superfused slices of rat hypothalamus was studied under basal conditions and during release evoked by 40 mM K⁺. Catecholamines in superfusates, and in extracts of the tissue after stimulation, were isolated by column chromatography and quantitated by liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Norepinephrine (NE) was not consistently demonstrable in superfusate collected under basal conditions, but 40 mM K⁺ caused the release of from 2 to 4 ng/g of tissue per min. The addition of cocaine to the superfusate caused increases in basal and evoked release of NE. Epinephrine (E) could be measured in superfusates of slices from male but not female rats and then only when cocaine was added to the superfusate. Accordingly, the concentration of E in hypothalamus was greater in male rats than in female rats. Dopamine (DA) was not consistently measurable in the spontaneous overflow from slices either in the presence or absence of cocaine. K⁺-evoked release of DA could be demonstrated in slices from female rats. The addition of cocaine increased the evoked release of DA from slices from both sexes. Corticosterone, added to cocaine, had no effects on the efflux of any of the catecholamines. The experiments suggest that neuronal reuptake of all catecholamines is very efficient in the hypothalamus both under basal conditions and during evoked release.     

Frequency of accumulation of filaments in adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cells of myelinated fibers of rat spinal roots

Summary The frequency of accumulation of 6-nm filaments in the adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cells in the 6th lumbar dorsal and ventral roots was evaluated in 4-, 8-, 26- and 45-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats. The frequency was higher in 4- and 8-week-old (growing) rats than in 26- and 45-week old (mature) rats, and also higher in ventral than in dorsal roots in 4-, 8- and 26-week old rats. There were no clusters on certain groups of myelinated fibers according to the size of transverse axonal area, in both the ventral and dorsal roots. Therefore, this accumulation may reflect certain functions of the adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cell during natural growth and maturation of the axon and myelin sheath.     

《绵阳市社会心理服务工作管理办法》解读

2018年,国家卫生健康委员会等10部委联合发布《关于印发全国社会心理服务体系建设试点工作方案的通知》,四川省绵阳市被列为全国第一批试点地区。绵阳市人民政府依据《中华人民共和国精神卫生法》等相关法律法规和文件精神,结合前期调查研究和社会心理服务工作的试点实际,编制出台了《绵阳市社会心理服务工作管理办法》,并于2021年12月25日起施行。本文围绕社会心理服务的相关概念、办法总则、重点内容、保障措施等方面进行解读,以期为社会心理服务工作的规范、持续和有效开展提供参考。     

Function of circle of Willis

Nearly 400 years ago, Thomas Willis described the arterial ring at the base of the brain (the circle of Willis, CW) and recognized it as a compensatory system in the case of arterial occlusion. This theory is still accepted. We present several arguments that via negativa should discard the compensatory theory. (1) Current theory is anthropocentric; it ignores other species and their analog structures. (2) Arterial pathologies are diseases of old age, appearing after gene propagation. (3) According to the current theory, evolution has foresight. (4) Its commonness among animals indicates that it is probably a convergent evolutionary structure. (5) It was observed that communicating arteries are too small for effective blood flow, and (6) missing or hypoplastic in the majority of the population. We infer that CW, under physiologic conditions, serves as a passive pressure dissipating system; without considerable blood flow, pressure is transferred from the high to low pressure end, the latter being another arterial component of CW. Pressure gradient exists because pulse wave and blood flow arrive into the skull through different cerebral arteries asynchronously, due to arterial tree asymmetry. Therefore, CW and its communicating arteries protect cerebral artery and blood–brain barrier from hemodynamic stress.     

阿立哌唑对精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响

目的:比较阿立哌唑与利培酮对精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响。方法:60例精神分裂患者随机平分为两组各30例,分别给予阿立哌唑和利培酮治疗。疗程8周。用生活质量综合评定问卷-74(GQOLI-74)、阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)及副反应量表(TESS)评定疗效及不良反应。结果:阿立哌唑与利培酮均能显著提高精神分裂症患者生活质量,但阿立哌唑在改善GQOLI-74总分、躯体健康及社会功能维度优于利培酮。结论:阿立哌唑治疗有利于提高精神分裂症患者生活质量。