不同部位后循环梗死的临床特点

目的 探讨不同部位后循环梗死的临床特点.方法 根据MRI所示的梗死部位,将170例后循环梗死患者分为近段组(20例)、中段组(70例)、远段组(58例)和混合组(22例);分析各组的临床表现特点.结果 近段组最常见临床表现为恶心呕吐(70.0％)、眩晕(60.0％)、共济失调( 70.0％)和眼震(70.0％);中段组为言语不清(71.4％)、偏身肢体无力(77.1％)、偏身运动障碍(74.3％)和中枢性面舌瘫(77.1％);远段组为头晕头昏(48.3％)和偏身感觉障碍(48.3％);混合组为言语不清(63.6％)、恶心呕吐(63.6％)、偏身感觉障碍(54.5％)和共济失调(63.6％).交叉性损害及脑干综合征19例(11.2％).结论 后循环梗死最常累及中段和远段;不同部位梗死的常见临床表现不同;具有定位价值的交叉性损害及脑干综合征发生率低.     

后循环脑梗死的临床和影像学分析

目的 研究后循环脑梗死的影像学表现、病因、危险因素、临床表现、责任病灶及预后的特点。方法 收集自2007年9月至2010年3月在我院住院治疗的53例后循环脑梗死病例的临床资料,总结患者的临床症状和体征,分析其影像学表现、病因和危险因素,根据Caplan使用的后循环供血区分段标准,将患者分为近段组、中段组、远段组、混合组四组。所有患者的预后均进行改良Rankin残障量表（mRS）评估,了解患者的预后情况。结果 后循环梗死最常见的症状为眩晕28例（52.8%）,恶心、呕吐23例（43.4%）,肢体瘫痪21例（39.6%）,言语不利17例（32.1%）;最常见的体征是中枢性面舌瘫31例（58.5％）,运动障碍21例（39.6％）,感觉障碍17例（32.1％）及共济失调15例（28．3％）;最常见的危险因素包括高血压、糖尿病、吸烟、饮酒、心脏病变、脂代谢异常。其中中段组发病率最高21例（39.6%）,其次为远段组13例（24.5%）,混合组10例（18.9%）,近段组9例（17.0%）。根据mRS评估,34.0%的患者预后不良。结论 后循环梗死的临床表现复杂多变,最常见的病变部位在中段,特征性临床表现和临床综合征有助于后循环脑梗死的诊断,大部分患者预后良好。     

延髓梗死11例患者MRI与临床特点对照研究

目的 探讨延髓梗死患者MRI病灶部位与临床表现特点的关系.方法 总结11例患者的临床症状和体征,对照MRI结果对梗死病灶进行定位,讨论病灶部位与临床表现的关系.结果 延髓外侧梗死5例,延髓内侧梗死6例(其中双侧梗死2例);延髓外侧梗死常见症状是言语不清、眩晕、饮水呛咳、吞咽困难及面部麻木,延髓内侧梗死常见症状是肢体瘫痪、言语不清;延髓外侧梗死常见体征是构音障碍、感觉障碍、Horner征及面瘫,延髓内侧梗死常见体征是肢体瘫痪、周围性舌瘫.结论 不同病灶部位的延髓梗死患者症状、体征各异,借助MRI可帮助诊断.     

后循环梗死102例临床分析

目的 探讨后循环梗死的临床特点.方法 选择后循环梗死219例,根据年龄分为青年组(12例)、中年组(105例)、老年组(102例).对比分析后循环梗死各年龄组临床症状、体征、梗死部位、责任血管、并发症.结果 后循环梗死各年龄组最常见的临床症状为头晕/眩晕,其后依次为行走不稳、言语不清、肢体无力等,3组间比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).各年龄组最常见的临床体征为肢体共济失调,其后依次为肢体瘫痪、延髓性麻痹、脑神经麻痹,3组间比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).各年龄组最常见的梗死部位为桥脑,次为小脑、中脑、延髓、枕叶、丘脑、颞叶内侧,3组间比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);老年PCI责任血管发生动脉硬化狭窄、闭塞显著高于中、青年组(P＜0.05～0.01);老年PCI肺炎发生率最高,显著高于中、青年组(P＜0.01).结论 老年后循环梗死时责任血管更易硬化狭窄、闭塞,同时也更易并发肺炎,应针对性治疗、护理与康复措施.     

双侧延髓内侧梗死一例

患者男性,49岁。主因突发头晕2d,言语不清、四肢无力1d,于2013年5月7日入院。患者于入院前2d晨起无明显诱因突发头晕伴恶心、呕吐,无视物旋转、肢体无力,症状持续存在,未予处理。入院前1d出现言语不清、饮水呛咳,四肢无力,以左侧显著,并逐渐出现嗜睡。发病后6h至我院急诊就诊,头部MRI检查显示双侧延髓内侧梗死。     

以双侧交替短暂性脑缺血发作为首发表现的动脉狭窄性缺血性卒中一例

患者 男性,65岁.因发作性肢体无力1周、口角歪斜、左侧肢体活动不利6h,2011年7月24日入院.入院前1周无明显诱因出现右侧肢体无力伴抖动、无抽搐,发作约5 min后缓解,无头痛、头晕,无口角歪斜、言语不利等伴随症状与体征.此后逐渐出现左侧肢体无力伴抖动,症状和发作时间同右侧;共发作7次,双侧肢体交替出现,每次发作持续数分钟.入院前6h突然出现口角歪斜、言语不清、左侧肢体不利、上肢不能持物、行走困难等症状与体征.患者既往无高血压、糖尿病及心脏病病史.偶饮酒,吸烟史40年(20支/d).无高血压及脑血管病家族史.     

无症状脑出血1例报告

岳××,女、46岁。入院当日凌晨醒后,自感全身无力、不适,无头晕、头痛、恶心、呕吐及肢体活动障碍等症状及体征。有高血压病史20余年,血压波动于22.7～25.3/13.3～14.7KPa。三年前曾有言语不清,左侧肢体轻瘫病史.当时诊断:脑血栓形成(未做头颅CT),已痊愈。查体:血压23.3/16.0kPa。神清,无言语障碍。双瞳,对光反应存在,双眼球运     

单纯脑桥梗死危险因素、病因分型和临床特征研究

目的探讨单纯性脑桥梗死的危险因素、病因分型和临床表现特征。方法回顾性分析2009年1月至2012年12月期间,在新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院神经内科连续住院的急性脑梗死患者的资料,选择发病2周内、MRI的弥散加权成像(Diffusion Weighted Imaging,DWI)有阳性发现的病例,排除同时存在前后循环梗死或同时存在脑桥与其他脑干部位的梗死,收集患者的人口学资料、血管病危险因素、临床症状和体征,并进行病因分型;将单纯性脑桥梗死作为病例组,前循环脑梗死为对照组,以多因素logistic回归分析的方法,探讨单纯脑桥梗死的危险因素、病因分型和临床表现特征。结果与单纯桥脑梗死相关的危险因素有高糖化血红蛋白(OR 1.183,95%CI 1.007~1.389,P=0.041)。病因分型中,与单纯桥脑梗死相关的为穿支动脉疾病(OR 2.343,95%CI 1.086~5.057,P=0.030)。与单纯桥脑梗死相关的症状有头晕/眩晕(OR 1.827,,95%CI 1.024~3.259,P=0.041)、恶心呕吐(OR 2.631,95%CI1.267~5.464,P=0.009)、复视(OR 5.103,95%CI 1.342-19.404,P=0.017)、耳鸣(OR 10.512,95%CI1.119~98.714,P=0.040)、行走不稳(OR 2.547,95%CI 1.328~4.884,P=0.005)。与单纯脑桥梗死相关的体征为眼球震颤(OR 9.368,95%CI 3.251~26.991,P=0.000)、单侧肢体感觉障碍(OR 3.145,95%CI1.051~9.412,P=0.041)。结论单纯脑桥梗死的危险因素、临床特征和病因分型与前循环梗死不同,危险因素中的高糖化血红蛋白、病因分型中的穿支动脉疾病、临床表现中的头晕/眩晕、恶心呕吐、复视、行走不稳、眼球震颤、耳鸣和单肢感觉障碍更为突出。     

急性双侧小脑梗死

目的 探讨急性小脑梗死的临床和影像学表现特点和相互关系,病因和发生机制以及预后.方法 选择我科住院的15例双侧小脑多发性梗死患者,对其血管危险因素、临床表现、MRI病变形态、分布和临床的关系,可能的病因性发病机制以及预后进行分析.结果 本组双侧小脑梗死占全部小脑梗死患者的23.8%.急性双侧小脑梗死以双侧PICA供血区的多发性梗死最多见(66.7%).主要临床表现为头晕/眩晕(93.3%)、恶心、呕吐(93.3%)、共济失调(60%)和构音障碍(58.7%).双侧小脑梗死多表现为大病变侧的单侧体征如共济失调.除上述小脑症状外,双侧PICA供血区梗死,特别是内侧支分布区受累(6例)时,突出的临床表现为眩晕,其中4例表现为孤立性假性眩晕;AICA梗死患者的特征表现为双侧耳聋;而SCA供血区梗死的临床表现特点是构音障碍、单侧共济失调,偶可出现大病变对侧的耳聋.Rankin评分均在3分或3分以下,死亡1例.结论 急性小脑多发性梗死主要发生于双侧PICA供血区,主要临床症状和体征为头晕/眩晕、恶心呕吐、共济失调等体征多数限局于单侧肢体,出现于小脑梗死较大的一侧.病因多数为心源性栓塞或主动脉粥样硬化性栓塞所致.预后较好.     

双侧延髓内侧梗死一例

<正>患者男性,49岁。主因突发头晕2 d,言语不清、四肢无力1 d,于2013年5月7日入院。患者于入院前2 d晨起无明显诱因突发头晕伴恶心、呕吐,无视物旋转、肢体无力,症状持续存在,未予处理。入院前1 d出现言语不清、饮水呛咳,四肢无力,以左侧显著,并逐渐出现嗜睡。发病后6 h至我院急诊就诊,头部MRI检查显示双侧延髓内侧梗死。既往高血压病史20余年,血压控制欠佳,波动于170/110 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)。患者10年前曾发生过短暂性左上肢麻木,具体经过不详,否认其他病史。     

注射用尤瑞克林治疗急性后循环梗死的疗效分析

目的 观察静脉注射人尿激肽原酶（尤瑞克林）对急性后循环梗死患者的疗效。方法 选择后循环梗死的急性期患者68例,随机分为尤瑞克林治疗组（人尿激肽原酶治疗14d）和对照组,观察两组患者在治疗前及治疗后14d、90d的神经功能缺损评分。结果 尤瑞克林治疗组和对照组患者在治疗14d、90d后神经功能缺损程度均有不同程度改善,而使用人尿激肽原酶组患者在治疗后的神经功能恢复情况较对照组有明显改善。结论 人尿激肽原酶可能有助于改善后循环梗死患者的临床预后。     

Clinical findings of intracranial vertebral artery disease using magnetic resonance angiography

The vertebral artery lesion has a variety of clinical characteristics. We sought to clarify the clinical patterns and the location of the intracranial vertebral artery (ICVA) diseases according to analyses of images obtained using magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). We studied vascular lesions, risk factors, symptoms, signs, and outcomes in 35 patients with ICVA disease (3 had bilateral occlusion; 9, unilateral occlusion; 6, bilateral stenosis; and 17, unilateral stenosis). The most common site of unilateral and bilateral lesions was the distal ICVA after the origin of posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA). We found accompanying basilar artery disease in 28.6% of patients with unilateral and bilateral ICVA disease. The majority of the ICVA lesions were associated with internal carotid arteries disease (48.8%). The common vascular risk factors were hypertension (71%), diabetes mellitus (34%), hyperlipidemia (31%), smoking (29%), and coronary artery disease (23%). Eighteen patients (51.4%) had transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) only, 10 patients (28.6%) had TIAs before stroke, and 5 patients (14.3%) had strokes without TIAs. Most patients (80%) with TIAs, with or without stroke, had multiple episodes. Vertigo or dizziness, ataxia, limbs weakness and abnormal gait were the common symptoms and signs. At 6 months follow-up, 66.7% patients had no symptoms or only slight symptoms that caused no disability. Our data showed (1) the usual location of ICVA disease (occlusion or severe stenosis) was distal to PICA, especially near the vertebrobasilar junction; (2) the risk factors were hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, smoking, and coronary artery disease; (3) patients with ICVA disease had a high frequency of accompanying internal carotid, middle cerebral, or basilar artery disease; (4) vertigo or dizziness, and ataxia were the common symptoms and signs; (5) TIA was the most common clinical pattern; (6) the outcome was favorable, except in cases with bilateral ICVA occlusion.     

NIHSS评分为0分的急性脑梗死患者的临床特点

目的探讨美国国立卫生研究院脑卒中量表（National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale Score,NIHSS）评分为0分而磁共振弥散加权像显示急性脑梗死病灶患者的临床特点。方法对经NIHSS评分为0分、磁共振弥散加权像显示急性脑梗死病灶的发病48h内住院患者的临床症状、体征、影像学特点进行分析。结果共纳入急性脑梗死患者35例,主要症状有头痛、眩晕、恶心呕吐、肢体麻木、肢体无力。磁共振弥散加权像上均显示急性前循环梗死2（）例（57．1％）,后循环梗死11例（31．4％）,前后循环脑梗死3例（8．6％o）。26例脑梗死患者显示单发梗死病灶（74．3％）,其中穿支动脉小梗死19例（54．3％）。结论青年型脑梗死以男性多见,高血压病在致病危险因素方面男女均占据主要地位,男性还应警惕嗜烟酒及糖尿病。在TOAST分型NIHSS评分为0分不代表无脑梗死发生,主要为单发穿支动脉小梗死病灶。NIHSS评分项目不能很好地评价后循环急性梗死所引起症状和体征。     

DEFENSIVE Stroke Scale: Novel Diagnostic Tool for Predicting Posterior Circulation Infarction in the Emergency Department

Background: Dizziness is the most common posterior circulation symptom; however, diagnosing a posterior circulation infarction is difficult due to a lack of typical symptoms. We aimed to investigate the frequency of misdiagnosis of a posterior circulation infarction in patients who presented with dizziness and to develop a new stroke scale that increased the diagnostic accuracy for stroke among these subjects. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed consecutive data from subjects hospitalized with ischemic stroke who presented with dizziness (the developmental phase). Based on these results, we created a novel stroke scale, which was used as a diagnostic procedure in the prospective validation phase. We compared the rate of misdiagnosis of ischemic stroke between phases. Results: During the development phase, 115 subjects were hospitalized for ischemic stroke accompanied by dizziness. Six ischemic stroke subjects were not properly diagnosed (6/115, 5.2%). We created the new DisEquilibrium, Floating sEnsation, Non-Specific dizziness, Imbalance, and VErtigo (DEFENSIVE) stroke scale to prevent underdiagnosis of a posterior circulation infarction. During the validation phase, 949 subjects with dizziness were examined with the DEFENSIVE stroke scale; among these subjects, 100 were hospitalized for ischemic stroke accompanied by dizziness. No subject with ischemic stroke was overlooked. The new DEFENSIVE stroke scale had a sensitivity of 100% and decreased the rate of improper diagnosis of stroke (5.2% versus 0%; P = .022). Conclusions: Our new stroke recognition instrument for a posterior circulation infarction presenting with dizziness and related symptoms (the DEFENSIVE stroke scale) is easy to administer and has good diagnostic accuracy.     

椎管性脑脊液循环不良综合征

目的研究椎管性脑脊液循环不良综合征的病因、机制、临床表现和MRI表现。方法收集并归纳整理1392例脊柱病人临床和MRI资料,分析椎管各种病变的特点。结果所有病例都有不同程度的椎管狭窄,脑脊液循环不良和其所引起的临床表现。常见症状依次为头晕、四肢无力、记忆力下降、下肢无力、失眠、胸闷、上肢无力、颈背肌僵硬等。不同年龄段常见的临床表现不同,37岁以上患者临床表现多样化显著。腰骶段和颈段发病率较高。常见MRI异常表现依次为椎体后缘增生,蛛网膜下腔变窄,椎间盘突出,小关节失衡,侧隐窝狭窄,黄韧带肥厚,后纵韧带肥厚,脊髓变性,脊柱肌群张力失衡等。结论椎管性脑脊液循环不良综合征临床表现多样,MRI可充分显示其病因,评价其病情,帮助临床提供诊断依据。     

Basilar artery stenosis: middle and distal segments

We report the clinical features and prognosis in nine patients with angiographically documented basilar artery stenosis of the middle and distal segments. Six patients had transient ischemic attacks (TIAs), and in two this was their only clinical manifestation. The TIAs in four patients included two or more of the following symptoms: dizziness, diplopia, perioral numbness, dysphagia, weakness, or loss of consciousness. Two other patients had isolated symptoms of transient dizziness and unilateral weakness. Seven patients had posterior circulation strokes, preceded by TIAs in four. Basilar artery occlusive disease can affect any segment of the artery. The short-term prognosis of middle and distal basilar artery stenosis was good especially when patients were treated with warfarin or platelet antiaggregants.     

孤立性眩晕起病的后循环缺血性脑卒中患者临床分析

目的 探讨后循环缺血性脑卒中的患者中最初仅表现为孤立性眩晕的患者的临床特点.方法 回顾性分析阜新市中心医院2018-08—2019-08以孤立性眩晕起病的后循环缺血性脑卒中患者13例,对13例以孤立性眩晕起病的后循环缺血性脑卒中患者的危险因素、临床表现、磁共振特点及预后进行回顾性分析.结果 13例患者的发病危险因素主要...     

Intraluminal clot in the vertebrobasilar circulation: clinical and radiologic features

We studied 15 patients with angiographically documented intraluminal clot in the vertebrobasilar (VB) circulation and ischemic stroke. Progressive brainstem signs were the most common presentation; the neurologic deficit was maximum at stroke onset in 4. Seven experienced their first symptoms during sedentary activities. Thirteen of the initial 15 CTs revealed infarcts in the VB territory, 7 with multiple foci. Intraluminal clot was present in the vertebral artery in 7 patients (2 bilateral), basilar artery in 7, posterior cerebral artery in 5, and superior cerebellar artery in 1. Multiple clots were seen in 5 patients. Stroke risk factors were present in the majority of cases. Although cardiac source embolism was the most common single etiology (4 patients), most patients had other causes including migraine, coagulopathy associated with malignancy and nephrotic syndrome in systemic lupus erythematosus, vertebral artery dissection with local embolism, delayed irradiation arteriopathy, and a fusiform, ectatic basilar artery. Six (40%) died within 5 months of follow-up. Intraluminal clot in the posterior circulation is a marker for multiple stroke mechanisms, not all of which are embolic. Intraluminal clot should prompt investigations into occult risk factors when no cause appears obvious.     

非心源性缺血性卒中复发危险因素分析

目的 分析非心源性缺血性卒中患者1年复发的危险因素。 方法 连续入选1978例发病7 d内的非心源性缺血性卒中患者。收集患者的人口学信息、血管病危险 因素和发病时的主要症状及体征,评价患者的头颅磁共振成像结果,包括梗死灶的部位、数量、急 性梗死灶的分布特征及责任动脉、责任动脉有无严重狭窄、缺血性卒中的病因分型。随访患者1年内 有无缺血性卒中或短暂性脑缺血发作（transient ischemic attack,TIA）的复发,通过多元Cox回归分析缺 血性卒中患者复发的危险因素。 结果 95例(4.8%)患者1年内缺血性卒中或TIA复发。冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病病史、缺血性卒中病 史、缺血性卒中发病前3个月内反复TIA、责任脑动脉狭窄程度≥70%和后循环缺血性卒中是1年内复发 的危险因素。 结论 后循环梗死、有责任脑动脉严重狭窄及缺血性心脑血管病病史的非心源性缺血性卒中患者复 发的风险较高。