过表达MiR-494抑制脑胶质瘤细胞U87的增殖

目的观察微小RNA-494(miR-494)对脑胶质瘤细胞U87增殖能力的影响。方法通过实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(qRT-PCR)法检测5例瘤旁组织和14例胶质瘤样本中miR-494的表达水平,并且检测其在6种胶质瘤细胞系中的表达;将100 nmol/L miR-494 mimics瞬时转染至脑胶质瘤U87细胞,qRT-PCR检测miR-494表达情况;采用四唑盐比色法(MTT)检测U87细胞增殖情况;流式细胞术(FCM)检测对U87细胞周期的影响。结果与瘤旁脑组织相比,miR-494在胶质瘤中呈现低表达;U87细胞转染48 h后,miR-494 mimics组miR-494表达为对照组的357倍(P0.05);与对照组相比,miR-494 mimics转染后抑制了U87细胞的增殖能力(P0.05);S期细胞显著减少,而G1期细胞则明显增多。结论 miR-494在胶质瘤中低表达,过表达miR-494 mimics有效抑制了U87细胞的增殖,调节细胞周期S期降低G1期增多,提示miR-494有望成为胶质瘤治疗的分子靶点。     

miR-127-3p通过下调靶基因MAPK4抑制神经胶质瘤增殖的机制研究

目的 探讨miR-127-3p在神经胶质瘤中的表达水平差异及生物学作用。方法 用RT-PCR法检测神经胶质瘤患者及健康人群脑脊液中miR-127-3p相对表达水平; 用RT-PCR法检测人神经胶质瘤细胞株和人正常神经胶质细胞中的miR-127-3p相对表达水平; 用瞬时转染法上调神经胶质瘤细胞U251中的miR-127-3p相对表达水平,用MTT法检测细胞增殖,用流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡,用Western blot检测凋亡相关蛋白bcl-2、Mcl-1和bax表达水平; Targetscan等在线靶基因预测软件预测miR-127-3p的靶基因,并采用双荧光素酶报告试验和Western blot验证miR-127-3p与靶基因之间的直接作用关系。结果 神经胶质瘤患者(1.33±0.12)脑脊液中的miR-127-3p相对表达水平低于健康人群(3.62±0.26)(t=5.867,P=0.004); U251(0.59±0.05)、U373(0.96±0.08)、U87(0.77±0.03)、SHG44(1.28±0.05)中miR-127-3p相对表达水平均低于人脑正常胶质细胞株HEB(3.64±0.26)(P<0.01); 转染后24、48、72 h 150组、100组和50组细胞吸光度值均低于对照组(P<0.05),并且随着miR-127-3p mimics转染水平增高,U251细胞吸光度值越低; miR-127-3p mimics转染组(39.3±4.6%)细胞早期凋亡率高于对照组(7.2±0.6%)(P<0.05); miR-127-3p mimics转染组(9.3±2.3%)细胞晚期凋亡率高于对照组(2.4±0.5%)(P<0.05); mimic转染组(0.119±0.008)U251细胞bcl-2蛋白表达水平低于对照组(0.556±0.039),mimic转染组(0.168±0.015)U251细胞bax蛋白表达水平高于对照组(0.086±0.006),mimic转染组(0.144±0.009)U251细胞Mcl-1蛋白表达水平低于对照组(0.426±0.028)(P均<0.05); 双荧光素酶报告基因实验显示,只有当MAPK4-WT-3' UTR与miR-127-3p mimic共同转染时荧光素酶活性被抑制,这提示miR-127-3p能与MAPK4直接结合,miR-127-3p mimic转染组(0.121±0.003)U251细胞MAPK4蛋白表达水平低于对照组(0.467±0.028)(P<0.05)。结论 miR-127-3p在神经胶质瘤患者脑脊液中呈低表达,上调miR-127-3p能抑制神经胶质瘤U251细胞增殖,促进其凋亡,其机制可能与调控Bcl凋亡相关基因及抑制靶基因MAPK4有关。     

miR-370-3p对胶质母细胞瘤U87-MG细胞株增殖能力的影响

目的 探讨微小RNA-370-3p（miR-370-3p）对人脑胶质瘤细胞系U87-MG增殖能力的影响及其机制。方法 将常规培养的U87-MG细胞分为空白组、无义序列转染组和模拟物转染组,后两组分别转染miRNA无义序列及miR-370-3p模拟物,qRT-PCR法检测其转染效率,免疫印迹法检测转染细胞叉头框蛋白M1（FoxM1）的表达;采用EdU法评估细胞的增殖能力,采用平板克隆形成实验检测细胞的增殖能力。结果 与空白组和无义序列转染组比较,模拟物转染组细胞miR-370-3p表达显著增加（P<0.05）,而FoxM1的蛋白表达显著减少（P<0.05）;而且模拟物转染组U87-MG细胞增殖能力及克隆形成率均明显减少（P<0.05）。结论 miR-370-3p能够抑制U87-MG细胞的增殖能力,可能与减少FoxM1的表达有关。     

反义miR-155对人胶质瘤U251细胞增殖和凋亡的影响

目的 观察敲低微小RNA-155(miR-155)的表达对人胶质瘤细胞系U251细胞增殖和凋亡的影响.方法 脂质体介导转染miR-155反义抑制序列(AS-miR-155)下调入胶质瘤U251细胞中miR-155的表达,同时设未转染组和无义序列转染组.实时定量聚合酶链式反应(qRT-PCR)检测转染后细胞miR-155的表达,四甲基偶氨唑盐(MTT)实验检测转染后细胞增殖活性,流式细胞术(FCM)检测转染后细胞周期变化和凋亡情况.结果 与未转染组和无义序列转染组相比,miR-155 反义抑制序列转染组细胞miR-155表达下降;MTT实验结果显示细胞生长受抑;流式细胞术结果可见细胞出现G0/G1期阻滞,细胞凋亡率增高.结论 反义miR-155可抑制U251胶质瘤细胞生长增殖,促进其凋亡.miR-155可能成为治疗胶质瘤的候选靶标.     

miR-655-3p调控TRIM59对神经胶质瘤细胞增殖、凋亡、迁移、侵袭的影响

目的 探究微小RNA(miR)-655-3p调控三结构域蛋白59(TRIM59)对神经胶质瘤细胞增殖、凋亡、迁移、侵袭的影响.方法 分别采用实时荧光定量逆转录聚合酶链反应(qRT-PCR)检测神经胶质瘤组织和瘤旁组织中miR-655-3p水平和过表达miR-655-3p,四甲基偶氮唑蓝(MTT)法检测U251细胞增殖情...     

miR-106a抑制胶质瘤细胞增殖并诱导凋亡

目的胶质瘤是最常见的原发性中枢神经系统肿瘤,具有较高的病死率。现有的研究表明miR-106a在多种肿瘤中表达上调,并发挥着致癌性作用,但miR-106a在胶质瘤中的表达和作用却并不清楚。方法不同级别胶质瘤组织和胶质瘤细胞系(T98G,SHG44,U87,U251,U373)内的miR-106a水平通过实时定量聚合酶链式反应(qRT-PCR)测定。转染miRNA寡聚核苷酸后的U87和U251细胞的增殖能力和细胞周期分别采用四甲基偶氮唑盐(MTT)比色法和流式细胞仪测定,并且通过膜联蛋白/碘化丙啶(annexin V/PI)双染法测定了miR-106a对胶质瘤细胞的凋亡影响。结果miR-106a在胶质瘤组织和胶质瘤细胞系内表达水平相对正常脑组织显著下降,并且miR-106a表达水平与胶质瘤病理级别负相关。胶质瘤细胞转染miR-106a后,可检测到过表达的miR-106a可显著抑制胶质瘤细胞的增殖能力,阻滞细胞周期于G0/G1期,同时诱导胶质瘤细胞凋亡增加。结论 miR-106a可阻滞胶质瘤细胞细胞周期、抑制增殖和诱导凋亡。     

miR-103a-3p过表达靶向负调控PDK4抑制胶质瘤生长及侵袭

目的 探讨miR-103a-3p过表达对胶质瘤C6细胞恶性生物学行为的影响及对裸鼠移植瘤生长的影响。方法 体外培养鼠源性C6胶质瘤细胞,转染miR-103a-3p mimics质粒过表达miR-103a-3p,转染miR-103a-3p mimics+pcDNA-PDK4质粒分析PDK4过表达对miR-103a-3p过表达的影响;EDU法检测细胞增殖活性;qRT-PCR检测miR-103a-3p、PDK4 mRNA表达水平;流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡率;Transwell实验检测细胞侵袭能力;免疫印迹法检测E-cadherin、N-cadherin、vimentin蛋白表达水平。取40只裸鼠,其中20只皮下注射未转染质粒的C6细胞、20只皮下注射转染miR-103a-3p mimics质粒的C6细胞构建移植瘤模型,分析miR-103a-3p mimics过表达对移植瘤生长的影响。结果 生物信息学及双荧光素酶试验证实PDK4是miR-103a-3p的靶点。过表达miR-103a-3p明显降低C6细胞PDK4、Ki67、PCNA、N-cadherin、vimentin表达水平（P<0.05）,明显抑制C6细胞增殖活性、侵袭能力（P<0.05）,明显增加C6细胞E-cadherin表达水平、细胞凋亡率（P<0.05）。过表达PDK4明显抑制过表达miR-103a-3p对C6胶质瘤细胞的作用（P<0.05）。过表达miR-103a-3p明显抑制裸鼠移植瘤生长（P<0.05）,抑制肿瘤组织PDK4、Ki67、vimentin表达（P<0.05）。结论 过表达miR-103a-3p通过靶向抑制PDK4表达,一方面抑制胶质瘤细胞增殖、促进胶质瘤细胞凋亡,从而抑制胶质瘤生长;另一方抑制胶质瘤上皮-间质转化过程,从而抑制胶质瘤细胞侵袭。     

MicroRNA-134靶向下调Nanog影响胶质瘤细胞增殖和凋亡研究

目的 探讨微小RNA-134(microRNA-134,miR-134)靶向下调Nanog基因对胶质瘤细胞增殖和凋亡水平的影响.方法 建立稳定表达miR-134的胶质瘤细胞株,通过逆转录酶-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)和蛋白免疫印迹法(Western blot)法分别检测细胞中Nanog的mRNA和蛋白水平改变;四唑盐比色法(MTT)检测细胞增殖水平改变;流式细胞术和透射电镜检测细胞凋亡变化.结果 建立稳定表达miR-134的胶质瘤细胞株;miR-134高表达的胶质瘤细胞中Nanog的mRNA和蛋白表达水平显著下调;miR-134高表达的胶质瘤细胞增殖水平下降、细胞凋亡增加.结论 胶质瘤细胞中miR-134高表达可下调靶基因Nanog的mRNA和蛋白水平,从而抑制胶质瘤细胞增殖,并诱导细胞凋亡增加.     

miR-93在脑胶质瘤的表达及其对胶质瘤细胞系U87、U251细胞增殖的影响

目的 探讨miR-93在脑胶质瘤的表达及其对胶质瘤细胞系U87、U251细胞增殖的影响。方法采用实时定量PCR(qRT-PCR)检测61例脑胶质瘤组织及正常脑组织的miR-93表达水平。构建慢病毒载体,转染抑制胶质瘤细胞系U87、U251中miR-93的表达。检测转染后24、48、72、96 h的胶质瘤细胞系U87、U251细胞增殖和克隆形成数。结果 61例胶质瘤组织标本中,44例(72. 1%) miR-93表达水平明显高于正常脑组织。其中WHOⅠ级胶质瘤的阳性表达率为20%(1/5)、Ⅱ级为71. 4%(15/21)、Ⅲ级为73. 3%(11/15)、Ⅳ级为85%(17/20)。miR-93在WHOⅠⅣ级胶质瘤组织的表达值分别为1. 25、5. 91、6. 71、31. 20。转染抑制U251、U87细胞的miR-93表达后,细胞的增殖活性明显被抑制(均P 0. 05),并且U251、U87细胞的克隆形成能力明显降低(均P 0. 01)。结论 miR-93在脑胶质瘤中的表达水平较正常脑组织明显增高,且与胶质瘤的分级相关; miR-93能促进胶质瘤细胞的增殖。     

miR-125a-5p抑制胶质瘤细胞增殖和糖酵解的初步研究

目的研究微小核苷酸125a-5p(miR-125a-5p)在胶质母细胞瘤组织中的表达及其对胶质瘤细胞增殖和糖酵解的影响。方法定量反转录聚合酶连锁反应(qRT-PCR)检测miR-125a-5p在人源胶质母细胞瘤组织中的表达情况;利用3-(4,5-二甲基噻唑-2)-2,5-二苯基四氮唑溴盐(MTT)法检测miR-125a-5p对细胞活力的影响;分别利用三磷酸腺苷(ATP)和乳酸试剂盒检测miR-125a-5p对ATP和乳酸生成的影响。结果 miR-125a-5p在胶质母细胞瘤组织中的表达明显低于肿瘤周边组织;miR-125a-5p对胶质瘤细胞具有生长抑制作用;miR-125a-5p减少了胶质瘤细胞中ATP和乳酸的产生;miR-125a-5p和有氧糖酵解抑制剂2-脱氧葡萄糖(2-DG)具有协同抑制胶质瘤细胞增殖的作用。结论 miR-125a-5p抑制胶质瘤细胞的增殖和糖酵解,将来可能是潜在的胶质瘤治疗新靶点。     

The effect of age of onset of PD on risk of dementia

Background Dementia occurs in the majority of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Late onset of PD has been reported to be associated with a higher risk for dementia. However, age at onset (AAO) and age at baseline assessment are often correlated. The aim of this study was to explore whether AAO of PD symptoms is a risk factor for dementia independent of the general effect of age. Methods Two community-based studies of PD in New York (n = 281) and Rogaland county, Norway (n = 227) and two population-based groups of healthy elderly from New York (n = 180) and Odense, Denmark (n = 2414) were followed prospectively for 3–4 years and assessed for dementia according to DSM-IIIR. All PD and control cases underwent neurological examination and were followed with neurological and neuropsychological assessments. We used Cox proportional hazards regression based on three different time scales to explore the effect of AAO of PD on risk of dementia, adjusting for age at baseline and other demographic and clinical variables. Findings In both PD groups and in the pooled analyses, there was a significant effect of age at baseline assessment on the time to develop dementia, but there was no effect of AAO independent of age itself. Consistent with these results, there was no increased relative effect of age on the time to develop dementia in PD cases compared with controls. Interpretation This study shows that it is the general effect of age, rather than AAO that is associated with incident dementia in subjects with PD. Received in revised form: 22 December 2005     

腺垂体功能减退症临床特征变化分析

目的探讨腺垂体功能减退症患者的病因结构变化及临床表现。方法回顾性分析我院2013-01—2016-12住院及门诊78例腺垂体功能减退症患者的临床资料。结果男32例(41.03%),女46例(58.97%);诊断时年龄11~89岁,平均62.5岁;鞍区占位(包括术前及术后)52例(66.67%),席汉综合征8例(10.26%),空泡蝶鞍9例(11.65%),病因不明8例(10.26%),垂体-下丘脑发育不良1例(1.28%)。首次就诊科室:纳差厌食、恶心呕吐就诊于消化内科36例(46.15%)最常见。ACTH+TSH+Gn+G激素缺乏为19例最多,占24.36%,ACTH+TSH+Gn缺乏15例,占19.23%。结论腺垂体功能减退症病因结构发生变化,发病人群、首发症状及受累激素也不同,患者女性多于男性,发病年龄偏高,症状不典型,分布于临床多个科室,其中以低钠血症为首发临床表现就诊消化内科最多。     

Standards of instrumentation of EMG

Standardization of Electromyography (EMG) instrumentation is of particular importance to ensure high quality recordings. This consensus report on “Standards of Instrumentation of EMG” is an update and extension of the earlier IFCN Guidelines published in 1999. First, a panel of experts in different fields from different geographical distributions was invited to submit a section on their particular interest and expertise. Then, the merged document was circulated for comments and edits until a consensus emerged.The first sections in this document cover technical aspects such as instrumentation, EMG hardware and software including amplifiers and filters, digital signal analysis and instrumentation settings. Other sections cover the topics such as temporary storage, trigger and delay line, averaging, electrode types, stimulation techniques for optimal and standardised EMG examinations, and the artefacts electromyographers may face and safety rules they should follow. Finally, storage of data and databases, report generators and external communication are summarized.     

帕金森病运动症状进展分析

目的分析帕金森病(PD)患者运动症状进展特点。方法采用PD统一评分量表(UPDRS)Ⅲ对912例PD患者进行评估。结果与病程1年的患者比较,除病程1~2年的患者外,其他病程患者的UPDRSⅢ评分、强直分、姿势或步态异常分、轴性症状总分、言语分、步态分显著升高(均P0.05),病程5~6年及14年患者的震颤分,病程5~6年、7~8年、9~13年、14年患者的运动迟缓分、姿势分显著升高(P0.05~0.01)。轴性症状进展速度高于UPDRSⅢ评分。结论 PD患者病程早期UPDRSⅢ评分进展快,震颤症状进展独立于其他症状,轴性症状评分较UPDRSⅢ更敏感地反映疾病加重趋势。     

Effects of prevention of afferentation of the development of the chick optic lobe

BONDY, S. C., M. E. HARRINGTON AND C. L. ANDERSON. Effects of prevention of afferentation on the developmentof the chick optic lobe. BRAIN RES. BULL. 3(5) 411–413, 1978.—The effects of unilateral extirpation of the right optic cup of the three-day incubated chick embryo upon the rate of synthesis and the stability of DNA in the non-innervated optic lobe, have been studied. This surgical procedure prevents innervation of the optic lobe contralateral to the removed eye, while the other optic lobe is normally innervated by retinal ganglion cells of the remaining eye. At the 20th day of incubation, the DNA content of the non-innervated lobe was below that of the paired lobe receiving normal innervation. This deficiency of cell number was caused by two events; death of an excess number of neurons formed early in embryogenesis and a reduced rate of glial proliferation in the later stages of incubation.     

Release of endogenous catecholamines from slices of hypothalamus of rats

The release of endogenous catecholamines from superfused slices of rat hypothalamus was studied under basal conditions and during release evoked by 40 mM K⁺. Catecholamines in superfusates, and in extracts of the tissue after stimulation, were isolated by column chromatography and quantitated by liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Norepinephrine (NE) was not consistently demonstrable in superfusate collected under basal conditions, but 40 mM K⁺ caused the release of from 2 to 4 ng/g of tissue per min. The addition of cocaine to the superfusate caused increases in basal and evoked release of NE. Epinephrine (E) could be measured in superfusates of slices from male but not female rats and then only when cocaine was added to the superfusate. Accordingly, the concentration of E in hypothalamus was greater in male rats than in female rats. Dopamine (DA) was not consistently measurable in the spontaneous overflow from slices either in the presence or absence of cocaine. K⁺-evoked release of DA could be demonstrated in slices from female rats. The addition of cocaine increased the evoked release of DA from slices from both sexes. Corticosterone, added to cocaine, had no effects on the efflux of any of the catecholamines. The experiments suggest that neuronal reuptake of all catecholamines is very efficient in the hypothalamus both under basal conditions and during evoked release.     

Frequency of accumulation of filaments in adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cells of myelinated fibers of rat spinal roots

Summary The frequency of accumulation of 6-nm filaments in the adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cells in the 6th lumbar dorsal and ventral roots was evaluated in 4-, 8-, 26- and 45-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats. The frequency was higher in 4- and 8-week-old (growing) rats than in 26- and 45-week old (mature) rats, and also higher in ventral than in dorsal roots in 4-, 8- and 26-week old rats. There were no clusters on certain groups of myelinated fibers according to the size of transverse axonal area, in both the ventral and dorsal roots. Therefore, this accumulation may reflect certain functions of the adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cell during natural growth and maturation of the axon and myelin sheath.     

《绵阳市社会心理服务工作管理办法》解读

2018年,国家卫生健康委员会等10部委联合发布《关于印发全国社会心理服务体系建设试点工作方案的通知》,四川省绵阳市被列为全国第一批试点地区。绵阳市人民政府依据《中华人民共和国精神卫生法》等相关法律法规和文件精神,结合前期调查研究和社会心理服务工作的试点实际,编制出台了《绵阳市社会心理服务工作管理办法》,并于2021年12月25日起施行。本文围绕社会心理服务的相关概念、办法总则、重点内容、保障措施等方面进行解读,以期为社会心理服务工作的规范、持续和有效开展提供参考。     

Function of circle of Willis

Nearly 400 years ago, Thomas Willis described the arterial ring at the base of the brain (the circle of Willis, CW) and recognized it as a compensatory system in the case of arterial occlusion. This theory is still accepted. We present several arguments that via negativa should discard the compensatory theory. (1) Current theory is anthropocentric; it ignores other species and their analog structures. (2) Arterial pathologies are diseases of old age, appearing after gene propagation. (3) According to the current theory, evolution has foresight. (4) Its commonness among animals indicates that it is probably a convergent evolutionary structure. (5) It was observed that communicating arteries are too small for effective blood flow, and (6) missing or hypoplastic in the majority of the population. We infer that CW, under physiologic conditions, serves as a passive pressure dissipating system; without considerable blood flow, pressure is transferred from the high to low pressure end, the latter being another arterial component of CW. Pressure gradient exists because pulse wave and blood flow arrive into the skull through different cerebral arteries asynchronously, due to arterial tree asymmetry. Therefore, CW and its communicating arteries protect cerebral artery and blood–brain barrier from hemodynamic stress.     

阿立哌唑对精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响

目的:比较阿立哌唑与利培酮对精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响。方法:60例精神分裂患者随机平分为两组各30例,分别给予阿立哌唑和利培酮治疗。疗程8周。用生活质量综合评定问卷-74(GQOLI-74)、阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)及副反应量表(TESS)评定疗效及不良反应。结果:阿立哌唑与利培酮均能显著提高精神分裂症患者生活质量,但阿立哌唑在改善GQOLI-74总分、躯体健康及社会功能维度优于利培酮。结论:阿立哌唑治疗有利于提高精神分裂症患者生活质量。