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??OBJECTIVE To report a clinical case and review the therapy of renal anemia in children with EPO-?? non-response to provide ideas on optimization of dosing regimens and new ways of clinical practice. METHODS One case of renal anemia was described and analyzed, and relevant literature was accessed and reviewed. RESULTS The level of hemoglobin increased to 100 g??L^-1 and the clinical symptoms were alleviated after transfering to EPO-?? from EPO-??. CONCLUSION For pediatric patients with chronic renal anemia, EPO-?? instead of EPO-?? is effective.     

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??OBJECTIVE To establish an interferon-resistant hepatitis B virus cell model and provide experimental basis for further investigating the mechanism of HBV resistance to interferon. METHODS HepG2.2.15 was continuously grown in the presence of 10,30,50 and 70 u??mL^-1 of interferon ??-2b for up to 48 weeks. The HepG2.2.15/IFN??-2b cell model was constructed after 48 weeks of induction. The cells were treated with the best-effect concentration. Then, the levels of HBsAg, HBeAg, and HBV DNA in the supernatant of cell culture medium before and after the treatment were compared. RESULTS After stimulation with low concentrations of IFN??-2b for 12 weeks, the 50 u??mL^-1 group showed significant resistance to the best-effect concentration of IFN??-2b. Compared with the levels before stimulation, the inhibition rate on HBsAg, HBeAg, and HBV DNA decreased by 25.48%, 8.40%, and 15.43%, respectively, suggesting that 50 u??mL^-1 was the best-stimulation concentration. After stimulated with 50 u??mL^-1 IFN??-2b for 12-48 weeks, the results showed that the inhibition rate on HBsAg, HBeAg, and HBV DNA after 36 weeks was the most significant. CONCLUSION Continuous induction with 50 u??mL^-1 IFN??-2b for 36 weeks could most easily induce drug resistance in HepG2.2.15 cells.     

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??In recent years, nanoparticle as drug carriers have been widely used in the pharmaceutical field. For some poorly soluble drugs or drugs with strong toxicity and side effects, the design of different nano drug carriers can help achieve improved solubility and targeted therapy. The nano targeted drug delivery system can deliver drug specifically to the target sites and realize controlled release of drugs, thereby increasing the bioavailability and efficacy of drugs and reducing the toxicity and side effects. In this paper, the recent progress in studies on the design of nanoparticles, their biological effects, and their application in the field of medicine are reviewed.     

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?? Zingiber officinale has a long application history in China, it is used as medicine, also condiment, food and drinks. The chemical constituents of Zingiber officinale include volatile oil, gingerol,diaryl-heptnaoids and so on. Scientific research showed that Zingiber officinale is widely used in anti-nausea, resisting gastric ulcer, anti-bacterial, anti-phlogistic, analgesia, antioxidant, resisting motion sickness, anti-tumor, hypoglycemic,antilipidemic,and improving cardiocerebral vascular system and so on.Zingiber officinale is recommended as a healthy food by doctor of traditional Chinese medicine in all times. In summary, it's worth to be researched and developed in detail.     

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??OBJECTIVE To investigate and analyze the use of TCM national essential medicines in our hospital, so as to provide reference for clinical rational use. METHODS The variety number, consumption sum and constituent ratio, defined daily dose system(DDDs), defined daily cost(DDC)and drug use distribution in departments of TCM national essential medicines in our hospital were statistic analyzed during 2013-2015. RESULTS The variety number of TCM national essential medicines were relatively stable in our hospital, but the consumption sum and proportion showed a downward trend year by year. The consumption sum and DDDs of essential medicines changed less during 3 years, and the drug with large sales amount were relatively fixed, which showed that the clinical selection of essential medicines were relatively centralized, and the category and DDDs continuity of essential medicines was fairly good. The concentration ratio of TCM essential drug use were lower in clinical departments, and the consumption sum ratio were lower in TCM department.CONCLUSION We must pay more attention to the rational use of essential medicines, and formulate relevant policies and measures to encourage clinical use essential medicines preferentially.     

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??The generation and revisions of the catalogue of the substances traditionally considered as both food and Chinese medicine (dietary Chinese medicine) mainly aim to solve the management problems of substances with dual attributes, of both traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and food. With the development of comprehensive health industry of TCM, the importance of dietary Chinese medicine has become increasingly prominent in the whole society. This paper reviews the revision history of dietary Chinese medicine, explains the basis, principles, processes, outlines, and significance of this revision, and illustrates the potential of those substances in the development of preventive treatment and the comprehensive health industry. The paper is of great significance in the researching, understanding and application of the catalogue of the substances traditionally considered as both food and Chinese medicine.     

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??OBJECTIVE To prepare the first batch of Chinese national standard for human albumin used for the test of batch release or other quality control of human albumin products.METHODS The first batch of national standard for human albumin was prepared with certificated human albumin products, mixed and filled under aseptic conditions. The standards were distributed to 11 laboratories for cooperative calibration according to the unified methods published on China Pharmacopeia.Seven test items including total protein content, sodium caprylate, polymers content, pH,absorbance,sodium content, and aluminium content were detected. RESULTS The limits of the six test items except aluminium content were established as follows after the data from 11 collaboration laboratories were received and statistically analyzed: total protein(193.30??5.08)g??L^-1;sodium caprylate (0.162 4??0.009 2) mmol??g(Pro)^-1; polymers content (2.72??0.29)%( HPLC-SEC);pH(6.71??0.08)[temperature (22??3)??];absorbance 0.030??0.005;sodium content (134.9??23.6)mmol ??L^-1.The range of initially established aluminium content was (88.4??30.5)??g??L^-1. However,it was observed to increase obviously after 21 months according to the trend analysis, so it was deleted from the test items for the national standard for human albumin ultimately.CONCLUSION The prepared national standard for human albumin met the relevant requirements and may be served as the first generation of national standard for human albumin products.     

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??OBJECTIVE To investigate the cardioprotective effect of exogenous zinc (Zn²⁺)on the mitochondrial pathway, and to explore its possible mechanism. METHODS Rat heart tissue-derived H9c2 cardiac cells were cultured, and then randomly divided into control group, ZnCl₂ group (1-20 ??mol??L^-1, 20 min), ZnCl₂ plus inhibitor group [PI3K inhibitor LY294002, 10 ??mol??L^-1 and mitochondrial ATP sensitive potassium channel (mKATP) inhibitor 5-HD, 0.5 mmol??L^-1, inhibitors treated cells for 10 min and then ZnCl₂ 20 min] and inhibitor group (10 min). The mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening was evaluated by measuring mitochondrial membrane potential (????m). Tetramethylrhodamine ethyl ester (TMRE) diacetate fluorescence images were obtained with laser scanning confocal microscopy. GSK-3?? and AKT phosphorylation were determined with Western blot. The cells were subjected to simulated ischemia/reperfusion injury, cell viability were determined with flow cytometry. Cells were transfected with constitutively active GSK-3??-S9A(GSK-3??-S9A)plasmid by Fugene 6 transfection kit, mPTP opening was evaluated by confocal microscopy. RESULTS Compared with the normal, exposure of cells to H₂O₂ for 20 min caused a marked decrease in TMRE fluorescence, treatment of cells with different dose of Zn²⁺ prevented the loss of TMRE fluorescence caused by H₂O₂ with the peak at 10 ??mol??L^-1. Western blot showed that Zn²⁺significantly enhanced the GSK-3?? and AKT phosphorylation, the effect that was significantly reversed by LY294002, but not 5-HD. Compared with the normal, ischemia/reperfusion markedly reduced cell viability. Zn²⁺ applied at ischemia did not increase the cell viability, but significantly increased the cell viability when given at reperfusion. Zn²⁺could mimic the specific mPTP inhibitor cyclosporin A (1 ??mol??L^-1) and prevent the mPTP opening, which was again reversed by LY294002 but not 5-HD. Zn²⁺ was not able to exert protection in cells transfected with the GSK-3??-S9A. CONCLUSION Zn²⁺ can induce myocardial mitochondrial protective effect by modulating the mPTP opening through the inactivation of GSK-3?? via PI3K/AKT pathway. mKATP may not be involved in the action of Zn²⁺.     

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??OBJECTIVE To establish a high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry and ultraviolet detector (HPLC-UV-MS) method for determination of the mixture of Glycyrrhiza Radix extract at detoxification dosage and Semen Strychni extract at poisonous dosage, which will be applied to the characteristic ingredients profiling in rat plasma. METHODS Sino Chrome ODS-BP column (4.6 mm??250 mm, 5 ??m) was employed, which was maintained at 40 ??, and the mobile phase was composed of water (0.1% formic acid) (A) and acetonitrile (B). The gradient elution program was as follows: 0.01 min 8% B, 2 min 8% B, 30 min 25% B, 32 min 30% B, 50 min 45% B, 53 min 85% B, 60 min 85% B, 61 min 8% B, and terminated at 77 min, eluted at a flow rate of 0.3 mL??min^-1. A UV detector was equipped and the detection wavelength was 254 nm. ESI⁺ mode was selected for strychnos alkaloids with cone voltage of 30 V and capillary voltage of 2.5 V, while ESI^- mode for glycyrrhiza with cone voltage of 25 V and capillary voltage of 3.5 V. Acetonitrile was used as protein precipitation agent to determine the characteristic ingredients in rat plasma. RESULTS An HPLC-UV-MS method for simultaneous determination of liquorice and Semen Strychni extract was established and applied to measure the components absorbed into blood. The material changes of liquorice and Semen Strychni in vivo and vitro were also compared. CONCLUSION A simple, repeatable HPLC-UV-MS method for analysis of Glycyrrhiza Radix and Semen Strychni in vivo and vitro was established. The related components are speculates, which provided the experimental basis to research the detoxification mechanism of Glycyrrhiza Radix against strychninization.     

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??OBJECTIVE To prepare docetaxel liposomes by freeze-drying of tert-butyl alcohol (TBA)/water cosolvent system and evaluate the in vitro and in vivo properties. METHODS The formulation was optimized by single factor screening experiments. The effects of TBA/water ratio, lipid/drug ratio, sucrose/lipid ratio and mixing temperature on encapsulation efficiency were investigated. The in vitro release profiles were also investigated with docetaxel injection(Duopafei^?k) as control. RESULTS The formulated liposomes had a mean size of 263 nm with entrapment efficiency of (88.45??1.63)% at TBA/water ratio 50??50, lipid/ drug ratio 10??1, sucrose/lipid ratio 5??1 and mixing temperature 60 ??. In vitro drug release from liposomes lasted for 48 h. CONCLUSION Freeze-drying of TBA/water cosolvent system method may be feasible to prepare docetaxel liposomes.     

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??OBJECTIVE To investigate the antitumor effect and molecular mechanism of ginsenoside Rg1 pyrolysis products (HPPRg1) on H₂₂ tumor bearing mice. METHODS To establish tumor model of transplanting H₂₂ tumor-bearing mice and observe the anti-tumor effects of HPPRg1, H₂₂ tumor-bearing mice were randomly divided into groups of control, model, cyclophosphamide (CTX, 30 mg??kg^-1), low dosage of HPPRg1 (HPPRg1-L, 10 mg??kg^-1), middle dosage of HPPRg1 (HPPRg1-H, 20 mg??kg^-1) and high dosage of HPPRg1 (HPPRg1-H, 40 mg??kg^-1) groups, respectively. Through evaluating inhibition rates of tumors, organ indices, and levels of TNF-??, IFN-?? and IL-2 to observe the anti-tumor effect of HPPRg1. In addition, H&E and Hoechst 33258 straining were used to observe the apoptosis of H₂₂ tumor cell. RESULTS Compared with the model group, the three dose groups of HPPRg1 can inhibit tumor proliferation. Mainly through the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation and pro-apoptosis to exert anti-tumor effect. CONCLUSION HPPRg1 has a significantly inhibitory effect on H₂₂ tumor-bearing mice, the mechanism may related to promote apoptosis of tumor cells and improve immunity.     

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??OBJECTIVE To study the effects of Kadsura coccinea alcohol extract(KCAE) on rats with immunologic hepatic fibrosis and research the possible mechanisms in it. METHODS Totally 60 SD male rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: a normal control group,a model group, a compound Biejia-ruangan tablets group(0.7 g??kg^-1), KCAE high, middle and low dose groups(1.68, 0.84, 0.42 g??kg^-1) at ten in each groups. Except for the normal control group,other groups were duplicated intraperitoneal injection of porcine serum twice a week at dose of 0.5 mL??time^-1. The rats in treatment groups were intragastric administration respectively, meanwhile, the rats in normal control and model groups were treated with the same volume of distilled water, once a day for 15 weeks. The liver was weighed to calculate the liver index. Alanine aminotransferase(ALT), aspartate aminotransferase(AST), total protein(TP), albumin(ALB) and total bilirubin(TB) were evaluated by the Mind-Ray automatic biochaemical analyzer. The expression level of procollagen ??(PC??), collagen type ??(??-C), laminin(LN), hyaluronic acid(HA), transforming growth factor-??1(TGF-??1), interkeukin-10(IL-10), interferon-??(IFN-??) and tumor necrosis factor-??(TNF-??) in serum were detected by ELISA. The degrees of fibrosis were evaluated by HE and Masson straining, and the expression levels of TGF-??₁ in liver tissue were assessed by Western blot. RESULTS Compared with model group, the liver index of KCAE high-dose group was decreased significantly(P??0.01). The expression levels of ALT, AST, TP, ALB, TB were within normal range, the differences were not statistically significant(P>0.05). KCAE could decrease the level of PC??, IV-C, LN, HA, TGF-??₁, TNF-?? and increase the level of IFN-?? in serum. KCAE could alleviate the hepatic fibrosis in rats(P??0.01) and inhibit the expression of TGF-??₁ in the liver tissues significantly(P??0.01). CONCLUSION KCAE has an anti-immunologic hepatic fibrosis effect in rats and the mechanisms possibly involve effectively regulating inflammatory cytokines, reducing extracellular matrix expression and inhibiting the expression of TGF-??₁.     

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??OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of Rhaponticum uniflorum extract (RUE) on angiogenesis and apoptosis of H₂₂ transplanted tumor tissue in mice. METHODS Mice bearing H₂₂ hepatoma cells were randomly assigned into 5 groups: model, high, medium and low dose RUE, and 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) group. The intervention was lasted for 10 d. The pathological changes were detected with hematoxylin & eosin (HE) staining, the apoptosis of hepatoma cells were determined by DNA laddering method, the microvessel densities (MVD) were detected using immunohistochemical assay, and the protein expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1?? (HIF-1??) were detected by Western blot method. RESULTS RUE treatment reduced the cell proliferation, aggravated the necrosis of transplanted tumor tissue, reduced DNA fragmentation of H₂₂ hepatoma cells, decreased MVD of tumor tissue, and down-regulated the protein expression of VEGF, VEGFR2 and HIF-1?? of the transplanted tumor tissue, as compared with the model group. CONCLUSION RUE could exhibit anti-angiogenic and pro-apoptotic effects against H₂₂ hepatoma cells in mice, and its anti-angiogenic mechanism is probably related to down-regulation of VEGF, VEGFR2 and HIF-1?? proteins.     

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??OBJECTIVE To investigate the inhibitory effect and possible mechanisms of puerariae isoflavone(PI) on prostatic hyperplasia induced by testosterone propionate.METHODS Forty-eight male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups according to their body weight including normal control group, model group, 40, 80, 160 mg??kg^-1??d^-1 PI group, and finasteride positive control group. In addition to the sham operation for rats in the normal control group, the rats in other five groups performed castration surgery. After the restoration, the five groups of rats were subcutaneously injected with testosterone propionate (10 mg??kg^-1??d^-1) for 10 d to establish a benign prostatic hyperplasia model and then the subcutaneous injection was maintained every 2 d. High, middle and low dose PI groups were intragastrically administered (40, 80, 160 mg??kg^-1??d^-1) from the second day when the benign prostatic hyperplasia model was successfully constructed. The positive control group was given finasteride (1.0 mg??kg^-1??d^-1) .Rats in normal and model groups were given an equal volume of saline for 28 d. After the last administration, the prostate and seminal vesicles were separated under anesthesia in rats, the wet weight and volume of the prostate and seminal vesicles were measured. The prostate and seminal vesicles index were calculated too. Rat blood was drawn and dihydrotestosterone(DHT) and estradiol (E2) in the serum were measured. Nitric oxide (NO), nitric oxide synthase (NOS), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in prostate tissues were measured. The prostate tissue in each group was randomly selected for HE staining. The pathological structure of the prostate tissue was observed under an optical microscope.RESULTS Compared with the normal control group, the prostate gland index and seminal vesicle gland index of the model group increased significantly (P<0.01), and the DHT and E2 levels in serum increased significantly (P<0.01). MDA content was increased while NO levels, NOS and SOD activities were significantly decreased (P<0.01). HE staining showed that the size of the prostate gland in the model group was different, there were obvious dilation, hyperplasia and papillary protrusions, and the cavity was full of pink and homogeneous density. The interstitial tissue showed obvious dilations of blood vessels, infiltration of inflammatory cells, and proliferation of fibrous connective tissues. Compared with the model group, the index and volume of prostate and seminal vesicles in the PI and positive control groups were significantly decreased (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and the levels of serum DHT and E2 in the middle and high doses PI groups were significantly lower (P<0.05 or P<0.01). In all treatment groups, MDA content was decreased and NO, NOS, and SOD levels were increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01) except the low-dose PI groups. There was moderately hyperplasia in low-dose PI group, mild prostatic hyperplasia in positive control group and middle-dose PI group, basically no hyperplasia in high-dose PI group.CONCLUSION PI has a certain inhibitory effect on prostate hyperplasia induced by testosterone propionate, especially in the medium and high dose PI groups. The mechanism may be related to the effects of pueraria isoflavone on antioxidant,free radical scavenging in vivo, increasing NOS activity and increasing NO level.     

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??OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of acute exposure to 4 300 m altitude environments on the body pathophysiological, serum, TNF-?? and IL-1?? of Wistar rats and protective effect of methazolamide on Wistar rats. METHODS Twenty-eight Healthy adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into plain(altitude of 55 m) control group, high altitude(altitude of 4 300 m) model group, high altitude methazolamide group, and high altitude acetazolamide group. After being intragastric administration with 0.9% sodium chloride injection, methazolamide(2 times a day, 2.23 mg??kg^-1) and acetazolamide(2 times a day, 22.33 mg??kg^-1) for 5 consecutive days. The biochemical, blood gas, the pathological results of rats were analyzed. The TNF-?? and IL-1?? content were detected from the blood samples. RESULTS Blood and biochemical results showed the high altitude might cause dehydration in rats. Compared with the plain control group, each index of the high altitude model group changed significantly(P??0.01), compared with the high altitude group, the aspartate transaminase(AST), alanine aminotransferase(ALT), pH value, bicarbonate concentration(cHCO₃^-), buffer base(BB), base excess(BE) of methazolamide and acetazolamide group were significantly decreased(P??0.01), indicated that methazolamide and acetazolamide had protective effect on rat liver. The total protein(TP), urea solution(UREA), partial pressure of carbon dioxide(PaCO₂), sodium concentration(cNa⁺), chloride concentration(cCl^-) were significantly increased(P??0.01), indicated that the high altitude group had metabolic acidosis and respiratory alkalosis, and liver and lung tissue had pathological damaged. Compared with the acetazolamide group, the methazolamide group damaged less. Compared with plain control group, serum TNF-?? of high altitude groups significantly increased, IL-1?? of high altitude groups decreased significantly, which, serum TNF-??, IL-1?? levels of acetazolamide and methazolamide group were significantly higher than high altitude model group(P<0.01). CONCLUSION Methazolamide can improve acute high altitude physiological and biochemical status of rats, reduce inflammatory injury, with a good protective effect of hypoxia.     

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??OBJECTIVE To study the inhibitory effect of Ke-ai-xin pill on tumor growth and angiogenesis of transplanted colon cancer cell line HCT116 in nude mice. METHODS To establish the transplant tumor model in nude mice for HCT116. All tumor-bearing nude mice were randomly divided into control group (normal saline), positive group (bevacizumab,5 mg??kg^-1, intraperitioneally), and low-, medium-, high-dose Ke-ai-xin pill-treated groups(200, 400 and 800 mg??kg^{- 1}, intragastrically). The tumor xenografts were harvested and measured for their weights. Immunohistochemistry was used to detecte microvessel density (MVD)and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)expression. RESULTS Ke-ai-xin pill inhibited tumor growth in nude mice in varying degrees. After the administration of each treatment group, TV, RTV, and T/C decreased significantly(P<0.05). SABC assay showed that MVD of Ke-ai-xin pill treatment group was sparse, MVD value decreased from (59.62??18.83) to (55.56??12.63),(46.72??11.57) and (41.35??10.27), Ke-ai-xin pill treatment group can significantly reduce the positive expression of VEGF. the positive expression rate reduced from(78.46??16.53)% to (58.64??14.19)%, (49.27??13.29)% and (43.68??11.71)%. CONCLUSION Ke-ai-xin pill can inhibit tumor growth of transplanted colon cancer cell line HCT116 in nude mice in varying degrees, reduce MVD value and the expression of VEGF in tumor tissue, so its antitumor activity may be related to inhibiting angiogenesis.     

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??OBJECTIVE To investigate the ameliorated effect and mechanisms of phenylethanoid glycosides from Pedicularis muscicola Maxim on high altitude memory impairment. METHODS After successfully trained in the 8-arms radial maze, fifty Wistar rats were randomly divided into normoxic control group, hypoxia group, phenylethanoid glycosides 50, 200 and 400 mg??kg^-1 groups(given corresponding dose). Normoxic control and hypoxia groups were administered with distilled water for a week.When drug delivery in the fourth day, hypoxia and phenylethanoid glycosides groups rats were exposed to a simulated of 7 500 m in a specially designed animal decompression chamber. Eight arms radial maze was used to measure spatial memory, HE stained was used to observe the cell morphology in brain tissue and biochemical technique was used to detect the content of MDA and ROS and enzymatic activity of GSH and SOD in brain tissue and serum. RESULTS Compared with the normoxic control group, for hypoxia group rats, WME, RWE and TE were respectively increased by 800%, 71%, and 127.1%(P??0.01) and neuron damage was significantly increased, the enzymatic activity of GSH and SOD were respectively decreased by 60.9% and 18.11%(P<0.05, P<0.01) in brain tissue and plasma while the content of MDA was increased in brain tissueby 74.8% (P<0.01). Compared with the hypoxia group, for phenylethanoid glycosides 200, 400 mg??kg^-1 groups rats, WME,RWE,TE were respectively decreased by 68.44%,63.11%;33.14%,25.34% and 43.91%, 36.72% (P??0.05, P??0.01) and neuron damage was significantly decreased, the enzymatic activity of GSH were respectively increased by 219.76%, 180.75% and 32.81%, 24.10% (P<0.05, P<0.01) and the enzymatic activity of SOD were respectively increased by 9.57%, 13.88% and 15.41%, 15.45% (P<0.05) in brain tissue and plasma,while the content of MDA in plasma were respectively decreased by 42.73%, 42.73% (P<0.01) and MDA and ROS in brain tissue were respectively decreased by 61.71%, 42.79% and 40.76%, 23.53% (P<0.01); for phenylethanoid glycosides 50 mg??kg^-1 group rats, the corresponding indicators had been ameliorated, but there was no significant difference.CONCLUSION Phenylethanoid glycosides of Pedicularis muscicola Maxim can ameliorate high altitude memory impairment, which its involved mechanism may be antioxidant stress and inhibition on cell damage.     

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??OBJECTIVE To investigate the mechanism of inhibition and radiosensitization effects of combining treatment with tanshinone??and(irradiation) IR on mice bearing Lewis lung carcinoma(LLC). METHODS The models of LLC in C57BL/6 mice were established via subcutaneous injection of mouse LLC cells, and divided into model control group, radiation alone group, Tan??(40 mg??kg^-1) group, 5-Fu +IR group, Tan??(10,20,40 mg??kg^-1) +IR groups. After irradiated, the relative volume of tumor was observed, the delay time of tumor growth and enhancement factor(EF) was calculated. After stripped, the inhibition rate was calculated. Cell apoptosis index(AI) was in vestigated by TUNEL staining. The protein expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax were detected by Western blot. RESULTS The different concentrations of Tan??(low, medium and high)+IR groups inhibited the tumor growth significantly, and the inhibition rate was 27.14%,38.46%,59.78%, respectively, which were significant difference as compared with IR group(P<0.01). And also had the significant radiosensitizing effect, the enhancement factor was 1.09,1.76,2.03, respectively. The AI was 51.3% in Tan??(H) +IR group, which was significant difference as compared with IR group(P<0.05). The expression of Bcl-2 protein was decreased, and Bax proteins was increased by combining treatment with Tan??and IR. CONCLUSION Combining treatment with Tan??and IR inhibited the tumor growth and had radiosensitizing effects in mice bearing LLC. One of the mechanism may be that it might induce apoptosis by regulated the expression of Bcl-2/ Bax protein, so cells were more sensitive to radiation.
     

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??OBJECTIVE To abserve the antidepressant effect and mechanism of honokiol on acute and chronic stress mouse. METHODS Forced swimming model of acute stress (FST) and chronic stress mice model were used. The acute stress mouse were randomized into a control group, a fluoxetine group (3.3 mg??kg^-1), honokiol groups (2.5,5,10 mg??kg^-1). The chronic stress mouse were randomized into a blank group, a model group, a fluoxetine group(3.3 mg??kg^-1), honokiol groups (2.5,5,10 mg??kg^-1). Then, the immobility time of forced swimming, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and 2,3- indole dioxygenase (IDO) contents in mouse brain tissue by Elisa Kit, and the expression of IDO mRNA in brain tissue used by quantitative real-time PCR were studied. RESULTS ??After acute stress, the immobility time of forced swimming in each treatment group was significantly shorter than that in the model group (P<0.05). The 5-HT content of fluoxetine and honokiol medium and high dose group was significantly higher than that of model group (P<0.05, P<0.01). The IDO content of honokiol high dose group was significantly higher than that of model group (P<0.05). ??After chronic stress, the immobility time of the model group were significantly higher than the blank group (P<0.01). The 5-HT content in brain tissue of the model group was significantly lower than that of the blank group (P<0.01), the IDO content in brain tissue and its expression level of mRNA increased comparing with the normal group (P<0.01). For each treatment group, the immobility time of forced swimming, IDO content and the expression level of IDO mRNA was significantly decreased, and the 5-HT content was significantly increased, comparing with the model group with significant difference (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Honokiol can relieve the depression behavior of mouse and have certain antidepressant effect. The main mechanism may be associated with the increase of 5-HT, reduction of the tryptophan pathway enzyme IDO content and its gene expression level.