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??Chrysanthemum morifolium has a long history of culture and use in China. Due to different germplasm resources, producing areas, and processing methods, many cultivated varieties have formed now. The varieties and processing methods of C. morifolium are affected by economic interests and processing cost, which change gradually. On the basis of spot investigation and related literature study, the changes of the varieties and processing methods of C. morifolium were summarized in this paper. It will provide theoretical evidence for the culture, processing, quality evaluation, and clinical application of C. morifolium.     

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??OBJECTIVE To study the monthly dynamics of physical and chemical indexes in Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix(ABR, the dried root of Achyranthes bidentata Bl.) stored in simple and cool warehouses. METHODS ABR was stored in simple and cool warehouses for 27 months. The color was observed. The water content was determined based on the drying method. The contents of ??-ecdysone and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) were determined by HPLC method. The accumulation of temperature difference between the simple and cool warehouses was evaluated with a relative temperature cumulation (RTC) method. The monthly dynamics of physical and chemical indexes of ABR was analyzed with RTC. RESULTS As the extension of storage time, the ABR stored in the simple warehouse showed deeper color and harder texture, but the ABR stored in the cool warehouse still had soft texture without significant color change. The contents of ??-ecdysone in ABR stored in the two warehouses both gradually decreased and dropped to lower than the limit of 0.030% ruled by China Pharmacopoeia when being stored for up to 27 months. The contents of 5-HMF of ABR stored in the two warehouses both increased and were higher for the sample in the simple warehouse than that in the cool warehouse. CONCLUSION The concept of RTC is put forward and used to study the monthly dynamics of chemical constituents in traditional Chinese medicine during storage for the first time. The physical and chemical indexes of ABR varies during storage. Two years of storage time of ABR is suggested.     

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??OBJECTIVE To study the chemical constituents from Periplaneta americana. METHODS The 95% enthanol extract was isolated and purified by column chromatography on silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, ODS and semi-PHPLC. All compounds were identified by chemical and spectral analyses. RESULTS Fourteen compounds were isolated and purified from Periplaneta americana. Their structures were elucidated as salicylic acid (1), benzoic acid (2), phenylacetic acid (3), methyl 4-hydroxyphenylacetate (4), p-hydroxybenzoic acid (5), genistein (6), 3-hydroxybenzoic acid (7), methyl N-(2-hydroxybenzoyl) glycinate (8), 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (9), (2-hydroxybenzoyl) glycine (10), uracil (11), cyclo(Val-Ala) (12), N-acetyldopamine (13), and cyclo(L-Pro-L-Tyr) (14), respectively. CONCLUSION Compounds 2, 4, 7-10, 12 and 14 are obtained from this genus for the first time.     

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??OBJECTIVE To establish an oil bath method to determine the D values and Z value of biological indicators in spore suspension forms for moist heat sterilization. METHODS Spore suspension was sealed up in glass capillary, which was heated by thermostat oil bath. D value and Z value were determined by survivor curve method. RESULTS The D values of Geobacillus stearothermophilus ATCC7953 spores suspension at 117, 121 and 125 ?? were 7.04, 2.18 and 0.65 min, respectively, and the Z value was 7.75 ??. The D values of Clostridium sporogenes CMCC(B)64941 spores suspension at 95, 100 and 105 ?? were 11.36, 2.85 and 0.45 min, respectively, and the Z value was 7.14 ??. CONCLUSION By simulating the sterilization of aqueous liquid with oil bath method, the D values and Z values of biological indicators in spore suspension forms for moist heat sterilization can be determined conveniently and accurately(r² is above 0.980 0). The oil bath method can be used for heat resistance research of biological indicators in spore suspension form for moist heat sterilization.     

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??OBJECTIVE To research population pharmacokinetics of biapenem in critical patients after repeated dosing. METHODS Blood samples were collected according to the different time points after intravenous administration of 300 mg for many times in the group of critical patients. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine the drug concentration in plasma.And pharmacokinetic parameters was caculated. RESULTS The main pharmacokinetic parameters for critical patients were as follows: ??_max was (6.66??2.93)mg??L^-1,T_maxwas (0.51??0.04) h,AUC_0-?? was (18.98??16.95) mg??h??L^-1,T_1/2 was (2.06??1.93) h,Cl was (20.9??17.4) L??h^-1,Vd was (46.43??3.5) L. CONCLUSION The pharmacokinetic parameters of biapenem in critical patients with a significant difference was found in healthy people. So need according to pharmacokinetic characteristics of patients to develop personalized anti-infection plan.     

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??OBJECTIVE To study the qualities of protamine sulfate raw material from different species of fish. METHODS The identification and determination of protamine sulfate raw material from different fish species were conducted by HPLC, and the composition of amino acids was tested too. Heavy metals was tested by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The potency of protamine sulfate was measured by biological assay method. RESULTS At present, the sources of protamine sulfate on the market were mainly salmon and herring. CONCLUSION This HPLC method can be applied to effectively identify and determine protamine sulfate raw material in order to improve its quality control.     

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??OBJECTIVE To study the chemical constituents of Whole Plants of Patrinia villosa (Thunb.) Juss. METHODS Compounds were isolated by a combination of various chromatographic techniques including column chromatography over macroporous resin, Sephadex LH-20 and reversed-phase HPLC. Their structures were elucidated by physiochemical properties and spectral analysis. RESULTS Nine compounds were isolated and identified as (E,4R)-4-hydroxy-4,5,5-trimethyl-3-(3-oxobut-1-enyl)cyclohex-2-enone (1), vomifoliol (2), cis-4-hydroxymellein (3), dehydrovomifoliol (4), 3R,5S,6R,7E,9S-3,5,6,9-tetrahydroxy-7-megastigmane (5), loliolide (6), 4-methoxybenzyl alcohol (7), sphenanthin A (8), and urea (9). CONCLUSION Compounds 1-7 are isolated from Patrinia genus for the first time.     

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??OBJECTIVE To study the chemical constituents from the whole plants of Asplenium unilaterale. METHODS The methanol extract was isolated and purified by silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, and semi-preparative HPLC column chromatography. All compounds were identified on the basis of spectral analysis. RESULTS Fifteen compounds were isolated and identified as (Z)-4-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-2-enylidene)butan-2-ol (1), icariside B₂(2), citroside A(3), (6R, 9R)-3-oxo-??-ionol-9-O-??-D-glucopyranoside(4), (6S,9R)-roseoside(5), 6-methyl-2H-chromen-2-one (6), 6,7-dihydroxy-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one (7), gibepyrone D(8), lupan-3-one(9), violanthin(10), 22,23-dimethylcholest-5-en-3-ol(11), 1-dotriacontanol (12), 5-hexylfuran-2(5H)-one(13), tocopherylquinone(14) and 2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione(15), respectively. CONCLUSION Compounds 1-15 are isolated from the genus for the first time.     

白英的化学成分研究

目的:研究茄科茄属植物白英Solanum lyratum全草的化学成分,探讨白英中部分甾体类化合物的抗肿瘤作用.方法:采用柱色谱以及重结晶等方法进行分离纯化,根据理化性质及多种波谱方法鉴定化合物结构,并对3个甾体类化合物进行体外抑制人体肝癌细胞Hep G2试验.结果:确定了12个化合物的结构,分别为:薯蓣皂苷元(diosgenin,1),替告皂苷元(tigogenin,2),替告皂苷元酮(tigogenone,3),薯蓣皂苷元-3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基-(1→2)-β-D-吡喃葡萄醛酸甲酯(diosgenin 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucuroniduronic acid methyl ester,4),4-甲基胆甾-7-烯-3β-醇(4-methyl-cholesta-7-ene-3β-ol,5),刺槐素-7-O-芸香糖苷(acacetin 7-O-rutinoside,6),1,5-二羟基-3-甲氧基-7-甲基-蒽醌(1,5-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-7-methyl-anthraquinone,7),1,3,5-三羟基-7-甲基-蒽醌(1,3,5-trihydroxy-7-methyl-anthraquinone,8),大黄素甲醚-8-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(physcion-8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside,9),大豆脑苷I(soya-cerebroside I,10),异香草醛(isovanitlin,11),阿魏酸二十二酯(docosylferulate,12).低浓度下化合物2～4对Hep G 2无明显抑制作用,随浓度增加,对其生长抑制率增强.结论:化合物2,3,5～12为首次从该植物中分离得到.化合物2～4对人体肝癌细胞Hep G2生长有一定的抑制作用.     

新疆青杞的化学成分分离鉴定

目的:研究新疆青杞全草的化学成分。方法:利用硅胶柱色谱,LH-20羟丙基葡聚糖凝胶(Sephadex LH-20)柱色谱及高效制备薄层色谱等方法对新疆青杞95%乙醇提取物的乙酸乙酯部位进行分离纯化,依据理化性质和波谱学数据对其化学结构进行阐明。结果:从乙酸乙酯部位发现21个化合物,包括3个酰胺,7个酚酸,1个香豆素及10个黄酮类化合物,分别为N-反式香豆酰基酪胺(1),N-3-羟基-4-甲氧基苯乙基反式阿魏酸酰胺(2),对羟基苯甲酸(3),藜芦酸(4),原儿茶酸(5),3,4-二羟基苯甲酸甲酯(6),邻羟基苯甲酸(7),对羟基苯甲酸乙酯(8),3,4-二羟基苯甲酸乙酯(9),七叶内酯(10),甘草素(11),橙皮素(12),柚皮素(13),木犀草素(14),芹菜素(15),柯伊利素(16),5,7-二羟基-3',4'-二甲氧基黄酮(17),香叶木素(18),大豆苷元(19),染料木素(20),N-反式阿魏酰基酪胺(21)。结论:化合物1~20为首次从青杞中发现,化合物3~12,14~17为首次从茄属植物中发现。经文献调研发现,分离得到的酚酸及黄酮类化合物具良好抗炎、抗氧化活性,为进一步开展新疆青杞其药效物质基础研究及其开发利用提供参考依据。     

香瓜茄的化学成分分析

目的:对茄科Solanaceae植物甘肃武威香瓜茄Solanum muicatum成熟果实的化学成分进行分离纯化研究,并对分离得到的化合物进行化学成分鉴定。方法:采用95%的乙醇对香瓜茄干果进行加热提取,并依次用石油醚,乙酸乙酯,正丁醇进行萃取,然后采用薄层色谱法,正相硅胶柱色谱法,LH-20羟丙基葡聚糖凝胶色谱法和制备高效液相色谱法等方法对香瓜茄95%乙醇提取物的乙酸乙酯萃取部位进行分离纯化,并依据化合物的理化性质并通过核磁共振、质谱等现代波谱技术对化合物的化学结构进行鉴定。结果:最终从香瓜茄中分离纯化得到7个化合物,其中3个生物碱皂苷类化合物,2个黄酮类化合物及2个有机酸类化合物,分别鉴定为澳洲茄碱(solasonine 1),澳洲茄边碱(solamargine 2),澳洲茄胺(solasodine 3),槲皮素(quercetin 4),柚皮素(naringenin 5),阿魏酸(ferulic acid 6),熊果酸(ursone 7)。结论:以上7种化合物均为首次从该植物果实中分离纯化得到,该研究为综合开发及寻找天然植物性抗炎、抗肿瘤活性物质提供一定的化学依据和基础。     

吴茱萸水提取物化学成分研究

目的:研究吴茱萸Euodia rutaecarpa果实水提取物的化学成分。方法:采用大孔吸附树脂,硅胶,小孔树脂凝胶(MCI),羟丙基葡聚糖凝胶(Sephadex LH-20),ODS柱色谱以及半制备高效液相色谱等方法进行分离纯化,根据理化性质和波谱数据鉴定化合物结构。结果:从吴茱萸果实的水提物中分离鉴定了11个化合物,包括5个酚酸及其苷,分别为绿原酸(1),新绿原酸(2),隐绿原酸(3),松柏苷(4),咖啡酸(5);4个黄酮及其苷,分别为槲皮素-3-O-α-D-吡喃阿拉伯糖苷(6),金丝桃苷(7),芦丁(8),槲皮素(9);1个柠檬苦素苷,为limonin diosphenol 17-β-D-glucopyranoside(10);1个生物碱,为去氢吴茱萸碱(11)。结论:化合物2~4,6为首次从该属植物中分离得到。通过二维核磁波谱确证,首次完整报道化合物10的氢谱数据。鉴于吴茱萸的基原有3个(吴茱萸、石虎和疏毛吴茱萸),通过对照品的超高效液相色谱-质谱联用(UPLC-MS)分析,对3种植物基原的吴茱萸药材进行成分确认,从石虎和疏毛吴茱萸中首次鉴定出绿原酸(1),新绿原酸(2)和隐绿原酸(3),从石虎中鉴定出金丝桃苷(7)。     

过山蕨水提物的化学成分分离鉴定

目的:过山蕨为铁角蕨科过山蕨属植物过山蕨(Camptosorus sibiricus)的地上全草部位,是一种民间常用药,目前关于过山蕨的生物活性研究主要集中在过山蕨总黄酮上,对其化学成分的研究尚有不足,药效成分也不能完全确认。该实验对过山蕨的化学成分进行系统分离,从药效物质基础的角度探寻其作为过山蕨补充药物来源的可能性,为进一步的药理活性和充分开发利用过山蕨植物资源提供物质基础和科学依据。方法:采用硅胶柱,ODS开放柱,Sephadex LH-20柱以及反相高效液相色谱法对过山蕨水提物进行化学成分的分离。根据其理化性质和波谱数据鉴定化合物结构。结果:分离得到10个化合物,分别鉴定为(7E)-9-hydroxymegastigma-4,7-dien-3-on-9-O-β-D-glucoside (1),bridelionoside F (2),(3R,5S,6S,7E,9S)-megastigman-7-ene-3,5,6,9-tetrol 9-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(3),(6S,7E,9R)-roseoside(4),(3S,5S,6R,9R)-3-hydroxy-5,6-epoxy-β-ionol-9-O-β-glucopyranoside(5),6,9-dihydroxy-4,7-megastigmadien-3-one(6),elaphoside A(7),ptelatoside-A(8),n-butyl-α-β-Dfructofuranoside(9),dibutylphthalate(10)。结论:首次从过山蕨属中分离得到化合物1~10,以上化合物的发现进一步丰富了过山蕨的化学成分组成,为综合开发和利用过山蕨植物资源提供前期的实验基础。     

黄水茄的化学成分研究

采用多种色谱技术,从黄水茄的全草中分离得到10个化合物,通过MS,NMR等波谱学方法鉴定了化合物的结构,包括 5个皂苷类化合物和5个黄酮苷类化合物,分别为anguiviosides XV(1),smilaxchinoside A(2),methylprotodioscin(3),protodioscin(4),solamargine(5),3'4',5-三羟基-7-甲氧-6-C-β-D-葡萄糖黄酮苷(6),brainoside B(7),camsibriside A(8),kampferol-3-O-(2"-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside(9),quercetin-3-O-(2"-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside(10).化合物 1~10 为首次从黄水茄中分离得到.运用MTT法进行体外抗肿瘤实验,结果表明化合物 4和5 均显示一定程度的细胞增殖抑制活性.     

臭椿皮乙酸乙酯部位化学成分研究

目的:研究臭椿皮中乙酸乙酯部位的化学成分.方法:采用硅胶和Sephadex LH-20等柱色谱对乙酸乙酯萃取部分进行分离,通过波谱数据分析进行结构鉴定.结果:从乙酸乙酯部位分离6个化合物,分别鉴定为3-甲氧基-4-羟基苯甲酸(1),延胡索乙素(2),马兜铃酸内酰胺AⅡ(3),槲皮素(4),阿魏酸(5),齐墩果酸(6).结论:化合物1～4,6为首次从该植物中分离得到.     

乌蕨乙酸乙酯部位化学成分

目的：研究乌蕨乙酸乙酯部位的化学成分。方法：利用硅胶柱色谱及 Sephadex LH-20 柱色谱对乌蕨乙酸乙酯部位进行分离、纯化。通过理化性质和波谱数据对化合物进行结构解析。结果：从乌蕨的乙酸乙酯部位分离、纯化得到13个化合物,分别鉴定为：β-谷甾醇（1）,4-羟基-2,6-二氧甲基-苯甲酸（2）,胡萝卜苷（3）,芹菜素（4）,芹菜素-7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷（5）,4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯甲酸（6）,丁香酸（7）,原儿茶醛（8）,2,5-二羟基苯甲酸（9）,原儿茶酸（10）,秦皮素（10）,6-氯-芹菜素7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷（12）,牡荆素（13）。结论：化合物6,12为首次从该属中分离得到。     

黄红钻乙酸乙酯萃取部位化学成分分离鉴定

目的:研究"钻类"瑶族药"十八钻"之一的黄红钻乙酸乙酯萃取部位的化学成分。方法:黄红钻干燥药材经粉碎,用70%乙醇水进行回流提取,得到粗提物,粗提物加适量的水分散,分别用石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇进行萃取,对其中乙酸乙酯萃取部位采用反复硅胶柱色谱法、高效制备液相进行分离纯化,通过化合物的谱学数据分析(包括1H-NMR,13C-NMR,MS),以及比对文献数据进行结构鉴定及确证。结果:从黄红钻乙酸乙酯萃取部位分离出11个化合物,分别鉴定为对羟基苯甲醛(1),香草醛(2),松柏醛(3),4-羟基苯乙基乙酸酯(4),反式肉桂酸(5),反式阿魏酸(6),丁香酸乙酯(7),4-羟基-3,5二甲氧基苯甲醛(8),反式阿魏酸乙酯(9),4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯甲酸乙酯(10),邻苯二甲酸-二(2-乙基-己基)酯(11)。结论:从黄红钻中分离得到的化合物大部分为小分子的酚酸类化合物,且所有的化合物均为从黄红钻中首次分离得到。以上结果为黄红钻药效物质基础的研究提供了依据。     

白英毛状根的培养与薯蓣皂苷元的测定

目的建立白英Solanum lyratum毛状根诱导与培养体系,筛选出薯蓣皂苷元高产的毛状根无性系。方法利用发根农杆菌C58C1感染白英外植体获得毛状根,建立白英毛状根遗传转化体系。采用HPLC法检测薯蓣皂苷元量。结果菌液浸染时间为10 min、共培养时间为4 d可获得最佳转化效果,毛状根诱导率为83.33%。HPLC检测结果表明,野生型白英植株中叶片的薯蓣皂苷元量最高,为1.742 mg/g。毛状根中薯蓣皂苷元的平均质量分数为4.620 mg/g,是白英叶片的2.652倍。结论通过白英毛状根离体培养,可以高效率地获得薯蓣皂苷元。