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??OBJECTIVE To explore whether knockdown serglycin's expression level in MDA-MB-231 cells by transient transfection can improve the sensitivity of breast cancer cells to the doxorubicin.METHODS At first, qRT-PCR,Western-Blot and immunofluorescence were used to examine the expression level in two different cell lines, MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7. Then serglycin's expression level in MDA-MB-231 was knocked down by using transient transfection, qRT-PCR and immunofluorescence were used to test the efficiency of this approach; and then, between the NC group and the Si-SG group, MTS was used to measure the IC₅₀ of doxorubicin and the proliferation curve under the treatment of the doxorubicin. Also the numbers of colony formation in this two groups was observed when treating with different concentration of doxorubicin. RESULTS It was found that in these two cells, the expression of serglycin in MDA-MB-231 is significantly higher than MCF-7. The efficiency of knockdown in MDA-MB-231 is above 70%. In Si-SG group, the IC₅₀ and the growth curve under treatment with doxorubicin is significantly lower than the NC group. Same RESULTS can be found in the colony formation assay, when treating with the doxorubicin, the decreasing rate of colony numbers is significantly quicker in the Si-SG group than NC group. CONCLUSION Knockdown serglycin's expression level in MDA-MB-231 cells by transient transfection can improve the sensitivity to the doxorubicin.     

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??OBJECTIVE To study the intellectual property provisions relating to drug regulation in the TPP agreement, analysize the interaction mechanism between drug regulation and intellectual property rights on the basis of information sharing, study the possible impact, and then discusses the references to China. METHODS This article analysizes the TPP final text and relevant research literatures, study the interaction mechanism between drug regulation and intellectual property rights and the possible impact of,and then discuss the relevantlaw of China. RESULTS The TPP agreement provides several intellectual property provisions relating to drug regulation, demanding the concordant relation between the registration of pharmaceutical and patent protection period, drug data protection and patent protection,which will establish the interaction mechanism based on information sharing. The intellectual property provisions relating to drug regulation are a summary of the experience of the TPP parties forming a coordinated and interactive mechanism between encouraging innovation and ensuring drug safety and an attempt to a wide range practice, which will have abroad impact on the bio-pharmaceutical industry. CONCLUSION Refer to the relevant experience in TPP agreement, China can amend the Pharmaceutical Administration Law and the Patent Law in the process of revision by improving the information sharing mechanism to achieve a higher level of institutional interaction.     

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??OBJECTIVE To optimize the formula of celecoxib gel by studying the effects of different doses of penetration enhancers on the penetration of celecoxib through skin in vitro. METHODS With sodium alginate as the gel base, factorial design method was used to choose the optimal formula of penetration enhancers among four different formulas to prepare celecoxib gels. The release rate of celecoxib in the release media was detected by modified Franz diffusion cells method, and the steady percutaneous speed (J), permeability coefficient (K_p) and the accumulative permeation quantity (Q) in 12 h were calculated. RESULTS The accumulative permeation quantity (Q) in 12 h of celecoxib from the gels made with the four different formulas were 27.93,25.12,18.79 and 19.35 ??g??cm^-2, respectively. The gel with 1% azone and 1% menthol as penetration enhancers had the maximum Q value, 27.93 ??g??cm^-2, its penetration process conformed to Higuchi equation, and the steady percutaneous speed (J) and permeability coefficient(K_p)were also higher than the other three experimental groups. CONCLUSION With sodium alginate as the gel base, azone and menthol have a synergistic effect on the percutaneous penetration of celecoxib gels, and the best formula is 1% azone and 1% menthol.     

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??OBJECTIVE To establish a method for the determination of norathyriol in rat plasma by HPLC and to study its characteristics of pharmacokinetics. METHODS Ethyl formic acid(10:1)was used to precipitate protein in the plasma samples after the addition of internal standard, and then the concentration was analyzed by HPLC. All of the separations were carried out on a Platisil ODS(4.6 mm??250 mm,5 ??m) at room temperature. The mobile phase was consisted of formic acid(40:60:0.5, pH 2.74), and was pumped at flow rate of 0.8 mL??min^-1. The UV detection wavelength was set at 312 nm. The rats were given norathriol by intragastric administration with a dosage of 400 mg??kg^-1. The concentration of norathriol in plasma at different time points was determined. RESULTS A good linear relationship was obtained in the concentration range of 0.54-162 ??g??mL^-1(r=0.998). The intra-day and inter-day RSD were less than 7.5% . The main pharmacokinetic parameters measured by Winnonlin 6.1 were showed as follows:t_max,t_1/2, ??_max and AUC_0-t were 0.5 h,(3.46??0.903) h,(26.9??3.17)??g??mL^-1,(52.4??12.0) ??g??h??mL^-1, respectively. CONCLUSION The HPLC method established is rapid and specific, and can be successfully applied in basic pharmacokinetic study in rat plasma.     

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??Chrysanthemum morifolium has a long history of culture and use in China. Due to different germplasm resources, producing areas, and processing methods, many cultivated varieties have formed now. The varieties and processing methods of C. morifolium are affected by economic interests and processing cost, which change gradually. On the basis of spot investigation and related literature study, the changes of the varieties and processing methods of C. morifolium were summarized in this paper. It will provide theoretical evidence for the culture, processing, quality evaluation, and clinical application of C. morifolium.     

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??OBJECTIVE To optimize the preparation process of liquiritigenin injection. METHODS Single factor experiment was carried out to determine the solvents, dosage of adjuvants, pH of solution, pyrogen removal method and sterilization process. RESULTS The optimal conditions were determined as follows: liquiritigenin was dissolved in 40% propylene glycol solution at pH 4.0-6.0. Ultrafiltration was employed to remove bacterial endotoxin. The solution was sterilized at 121 ??(97 kPa) for 15 min. CONCLUSION The established preparation process of liquiritigenin injection is reasonable and suitable for industrialized production.     

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??OBJECTIVE To study the chemical constituents from the tubers of Hemsleya penxianensis. METHODS The constituents were isolated from the tubers of H. penxianensis and purified by column chromatography, and the structures were identified by spectral analysis and chemical methods. RESULTS Five compounds were isolated from the tubers of H. penxianensis and the structures were identified as 2??,3??,16??,20, 24-pentahydroxycucurbita-5, 25(E)-diene-11,22-dione(1), cucurbitacin ??a(2), cucurbitacin ??_b(3), hemslecins G(4), and jinfushanencins B(5). CONCLUSION Compound 1 is a new compound.     

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??OBJECTIVE To design and synthesize series of quercetin derivatives by introducing allyl or prenyl groups and investigate their antitumor activities in vitro.METHODS Compounds 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 were synthesized with quercetin as starting material through the etherification reaction.The antitumor activities were evaluated by MTT assay against human lung cells (A549), human breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231), and human hepatoma cells (HepG2).RESULTS Two allyl-substituted and five prenyl-substituted quercetin derivatives were synthesized. Compounds 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 were new compounds, and their structures were characterized by ¹H-NMR and ¹³C-NMR. Compounds 6 and 7 exhibited observable anti-proliferative activity. Compound 6 inhibited the growth of A549, MDA-MB-231, and HepG2 cells with IC₅₀ values of 15.23, 16.56, and 12.32 ??mol??L^-1, respectively.Compound 7 restrained the growth of A549 and MDA-MB-231 cells with IC₅₀ values of 8.92 and 2.90 ??mol??L^-1, respectively. CONCLUSION Compounds 6 and 7 synthesized by introducing prenyl groups into quercetin have significant anti-tumor activities, which are worth of further research.     

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??OBJECTIVE To establish a detection method based on a novel type of two-dimensional liquid chromatographic system (2D-LC-UV) for determination of paraquat in poisoned patients' urine, and assess the methodology and characteristics of the two-dimensional chromatography. METHODS 2D-LC-UV contains 1st and 2nd liquid chromatography and FLC transferor. Urine sample of 100 ??L was directly injected without pretreatments, and paraquat was on-line concentrated and primarily separated on the 1^st Aston SX1 column, then trapped on Aston SX column and separated by Aston SX1 column. The mobile phase of the 1st liquid chromatography, trapping column and 2nd liquid chromatography were acetonitrile-2 mol??L^-1 ammonium acetate binary solution(1:10, V:V, 1.0 mL??min^-1), pure water and 2.5 mol??L^-1 ammonium acetate solution-methanol-acetonitrile ternary system (5:3:1, V:V:V, 1.0 mL??min^-1), respectively. The column temperature was maitained at 40 ??, and the UV adsorption wave length was set at 285 nm. RESULTS The chromatographic system was capable of processing 500 ??L urine. Paraquat was transferred and separated completely in the two-dimensional system with linear calibration curve over the concentration range of 20-20 000 ng??mL^-1 (r=0.999 9). The urine matrixes from different samples had little interference effect. The chromatographic balance time was less than 15 min, and the calibration curve was stable for more than 90 d. CONCLUSION Because of its accuracy, stability, automation, and independence of specialized technical personnel, the established chromatographic method is ideal for quick test of paraquat in poisoned patients, providing scientific basis for clinical treatment of patients with paraquat poisoning.     

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??OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of a monomer purified from Paris Polyphylla(PP-22) on proliferation,apoptosis of human gastric carcinoma MGC803 cells and to study the sensitizing effect of PP-22 on the proliferation of MGC803 cells to chemotherapeutic drugs 5-fluorouracil(5-Fu) or lobaplatin. METHODS MTT assay and cell colone formation inhibitory assay were used to determine the inhibitory effect of PP-22 on human gastric carcinoma MGC803 cells.The sensitizing effects of PP-22 on MGC803 cells to chemotherapeutic drugs 5-Fu, lobaplatin were determined by MTT assay.The percentage of apoptotic cells and cell cycle distribution were determined by flow cytometry.The expression of cell apoptosis associated proteins were analyzed by Western blotting.RESULTS MTT assay showed that PP-22 inhibited gastric carcinoma MGC803 cells proliferation in dose-dependent manner (r=0.90,P<0.05), but did not inhibit the growth of normal liver L02 cells at the same concentration. Cell colony formation inhibitory assay demonstrated that cell clones decreased with the increase of drug concentrations. The chemosensitivity of 5-Fu,or lobaplatin combined with PP-22 was improved compared with PP-22 group,respectively.PI staining analysis showed that the cell cycle was arrested at S phase. Western blotting detecting showed that the expression of Caspase-9, Caspase-3 were downregulated, the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 is downregulated and pro-apoptotic protein Bak upregulated.CONCLUSION PP-22 inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of MGC803 cells effectively and also sensitizes MGC803 cells to chemotherapeutic drugs.     

和厚朴酚与青蒿素体外抗人胃癌MGC-803细胞的作用研究

目的考察和厚朴酚、青蒿素抗肿瘤及两者联合用药的效果。方法采用MTT测定和厚朴酚、青蒿素对人胃癌MGC-803细胞、正常肝细胞LO2抑制作用,用IC50评测体外直接抗肿瘤效果,用金氏公式进行联合用药分析。结果 20μg/ml的和厚朴酚对人胃癌MGC-803细胞具有快速而不可逆的杀伤作用;和厚朴酚能抑制人胃癌MGC-803细胞、正常肝细胞LO2的增殖,IC50分别为3.96,8.04μg/ml。青蒿素对其没有明显的抑制作用,IC50分别为64.85、93.92μg/ml。3.5μg/ml的和厚朴酚与12.5,10,7.5μg/ml的青蒿素联合应用对人胃癌MGC-803细胞体外抑制呈相加作用,Q值分别为1.05,1.04,1.12;与30,20,15μg/ml青蒿素联合应用对人胃癌MGC-803细胞体外抑制呈协同作用,Q值分别为1.21,1.31,1.24;2μg/ml和厚朴酚与30,20,15,12.5,10,7.5μg/ml青蒿素联合应用对人胃癌MGC-803细胞体外抑制呈协同作用Q值分别为1.27,1.28,1.32,1.39,1.16,1.25。结论和厚朴酚对MGC-803细胞较强的抑制肿瘤生长的作用;青蒿素对人胃癌MGC-803细胞、正常肝细胞LO2的毒性低,和厚朴酚与青蒿素联合应用对人胃癌MGC-803细胞可产生协同作用或相加作用。     

姜黄素与5-FU联用对胃癌MGC-803细胞的生长抑制与凋亡诱导作用的研究

目的：探索姜黄素与中低剂量化疗药5-氟尿嘧啶（5-FU）联用对胃癌MGC-803细胞生长、细胞凋亡和细胞周期的影响,为临床上应用姜黄素作为胃癌化疗药5-FU的增效剂,以减少5-FU使用剂量、降低其毒副作用提供实验依据。方法：应用MTT检测法检测药物作用对MGC-803细胞的抑制作用;应用基于AO/EB双染的荧光显微观察法和FITC/PI双染的流式细胞技术检测药物作用对MGC-803细胞凋亡的影响;应用基于PI单染的流式细胞技术检测药物作用对MGC-803细胞周期的影响。结果：姜黄素（25 μmol·L^-1）分别与低剂量（2.4 μmol·L^-1）和中剂量（4.8 μmol·L^-1）的5-FU联合作用能有效地抑制MGC-803细胞的生长,诱导细胞凋亡并将细胞周期阻滞在S期,并呈剂量-时间的依赖关系。姜黄素与低剂量5-FU联用组的效果显著优于中剂量（4.8 μmol·L^-1）5-FU单用组（P < 0.01）,而姜黄素与中剂量5-FU联用组的效果显著优于高剂量（9.6 μmol·L^-1）5-FU单用组（P< 0.01）,提示姜黄素能显著增强5-FU抗胃癌MGC-803细胞的作用,并呈剂量-时间的依赖关系。结论：本研究为临床上应用姜黄素作为5-FU治疗胃癌的辅助用药,以减少5-FU的使用剂量,从而降低其毒副作用提供了初步的实验依据。     

5-FU联合人参黄芪复方对人胃癌MGC-803细胞生物学行为的影响

目的探讨中药人参黄芪复方联合5-氟尿嘧啶（5-Fu）,在体外对人胃癌MGC-803细胞的增殖、克隆、凋亡、迁移等生物学行为的影响。方法采用MTT方法检测细胞的增殖抑制率;并计算其中效浓度;流式细胞仪检测观察细胞的周期及凋亡;Giemsa染色检测细胞的克隆形成;细胞划痕实验检测药物对细胞迁移的抑制作用。结果人参黄芪复方和5-Fu均能抑制人胃癌MGC-803细胞生长,并随着药物浓度的增加而增强,5-Fu联合人参黄芪复方对细胞生长的抑制率明显高于单用人参黄芪复方或5-Fu组（P〈0．05）,并随着浓度的增加而增强;人参黄芪复方和5-Fu均能诱导胃癌细胞凋亡、抑制细胞克隆形成、阻滞细胞于G0／G1期、并抑制细胞迁移,而两药联用时细胞凋亡率、G0／G1期细胞均明显高于两药单用（P〈0．05）,并阻滞细胞于G0／G1期;人参黄芪复方与5-FU联合应用时细胞克隆形成、细胞迁移面积均明显低于两药单用（P〈0．05）,且联合用药的中效浓度小于两药单用时的中效浓度之和。结论人参黄芪复方和5-Fu联合应用与两药单用比较,能更好的抑制人胃癌MGC-803细胞增殖、抑制细胞克隆形成、促进细胞凋亡、阻滞细胞期于G0／G1期,并抑制细胞迁移。     

南蛇藤提取物对高表达maspin的人胃癌MGC-803细胞凋亡的影响

目的:利用高表达抑癌基因maspin的人胃癌MGC-803细胞探讨南蛇藤提取物对其凋亡的影响。方法:以人胃癌MGC-803细胞为研究对象,不同质量浓度20,40,80,160,320 mg·L-1南蛇藤提取物作用于MGC-803细胞24,48 h后,MTT法检测南蛇藤提取物对高表达maspin的人胃癌MGC-803细胞增殖的影响;以不同质量浓度COE组(0,20,40,80 mg·L-1)及32 mg·L-1的5-FU阳性对照处理24 h后,TUNEL法检测南蛇藤提取物对细胞凋亡的影响,Western blot检测对maspin,Bcl-2,Bcl-2L12及Bax蛋白表达的影响。结果:南蛇藤提取物(20,40,80,160,320 mg·L-1)能明显抑制高表达maspin的人胃癌MGC-803细胞的增殖,呈现时间及浓度依赖性;与空白组比较,不同质量浓度的南蛇藤提取物(20,40,80 mg·L-1)作用24 h后,镜下显示,随着药物浓度升高,细胞数目减少,形态变圆,胞浆浓缩,出现凋亡小体,TUNEL结果表明南蛇藤提取物(20,40,80 mg·L-1)能促进细胞凋亡,Western blot结果显示南蛇藤提取物(20,40,80,160 mg·L-1)可呈浓度依赖性地增加抑癌基因maspin蛋白的表达,降低Bcl-2,Bcl-2L12的表达,均具有明显的统计学差异(P0.05,P0.01)。结论:南蛇藤提取物能够抑制高表达maspin的人胃癌MGC-803细胞的增殖,促进其凋亡,其机制可能与南蛇藤提取物促进抑癌基因maspin的表达以及抑制Bcl-2,Bcl-2L12的表达有关。     

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??OBJECTIVE To screen the best combination of extractum of Robinia-living trametes and chemotherapy and investigate the action mechanism of Robinia-living trametes against the apoptosis of human gastric cancer cell MGC803. METHODS MGC803 Cells were treated with different concentrations of Robinia-living trametes and chemotherapy drugs (5-Fu and paclitaxel) in vitro. The inhibitory rate of cells was measured by MTT assay. Morphological changes were observed with inverted microscope. The apoptosis rate of MGC803 cells which were treated with combination of Robinia-living trametes(0.2 mgmL^-1) and 5-Fu (2.5 ??gmL^-1) was detected by FCM. The protein expression of P53 and p-Akt in MGC803 cells which were treated with combination of Robinia-living trametes (0.2 mgmL^-1) and 5-Fu (2.5 ??gmL^-1) was detected by Western blot. RESULTS The viability of MGC803 cells was reduced by Robinia-living trametes and chemotherapy drugs (5-Fu and paclitaxel) in a concentration- and time-dependent manner(P<0.01). Under reverse microscopy, cell body shrinking, nuclear pyrosis, and nuclear fragmentation were observed. The higher concentration, the longer treatment time, the more cells died. Compared with monotherapy, the combination of Robinia-living trametes and chemotherapy could reduce the survival rate of MGC803 cells. The protein expressions of P53 in MGC803 cells treated with combination of drugs was up-regulated, while that of P-Akt was down-regulated. CONCLUSION The apoptosis of MGC803 cells in vitro may be induced by the inhibitory effect of the combination of Robinia-living trametes and 5-Fu on PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Combination therapy of Robinia-living trametes and 5-Fu is potentially more effective in inhibition of tumor cells than monotherapy of Robinia-living trametes.     

四藤方对Bel-7402细胞增殖和凋亡作用研究

目的:观察清热解毒中药-四藤方对肝癌细胞Bel-7402增殖和凋亡的影响。方法:不同浓度四藤方处理人肝癌细胞Bel-7402、人肝细胞HL-7702,WST-8法检测细胞增殖,流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡,Hoechst 33258染色检测细胞凋亡形态变化,Western Blot法检测半胱天冬酶-3(caspase-3)活化。结果:与对照组比较,四藤方对人肝细胞HL-7702增殖无明显影响;100～400μg.mL-1四藤方作用24 h可显著抑制肝癌Bel-7402细胞增殖,促使细胞Bel-7402凋亡,呈现细胞凋亡形态,并可活化Bel-7402细胞caspase-3。结论:四藤方可以抑制Bel-7402细胞增殖,促Bel-7402细胞凋亡,并可能与活化caspase-3相关。     

苦参碱抑制JM细胞株增殖和诱导凋亡的研究

目的 :观察苦参碱对T细胞白血病细胞株JM的作用。方法 :Wright Giemsa染色及Hoechst 332 5 8荧光染色观察苦参碱作用JM细胞株前后形态学变化 ,电镜观察超微结构的改变 ;流式细胞仪分析不同剂量加药组第4天及 0.8g·L^-1加药组 1～4d细胞周期的改变 ;DNA琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测“梯状”DNA。结果 :第 3天起各加药组细胞形态学观察见典型凋亡特征改变 ,随时间延长更加明显 ;流式细胞仪检测第 4天各组均可见亚二倍体峰。0.1,0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8g·L^-1各处理组凋亡细胞比率分别为 3.1% ,2.5 % ,13.3% ,40.4 % ,48.6 % ,对照组为1.4 % ;各处理组S期细胞比率分别为 28.9% ,26.1% ,27.7% ,20.9% ,14.2% ,对照组为 30.4% ;各处理组G1期细胞比率分别为 63.2% ,67.5% ,68.1% ,75.2% ,83.6% ,对照组为 41.8%。 0 .8g·L^-1加药组 1～4d ,G1期细胞比率分别为 45.5% ,77.3% ,77.2% ,83.6% ;S期细胞比率分别为 28.6 % ,17.5 % ,19.1% ,14.2% ;凋亡细胞比率分别为 3.0% ,3.7% ,9.1% ,48.6%。DNA电泳 :0.4,0 .6 ,0.8g·L^-1组见DNA“梯形”图谱 ,0.1,0.2g·L^-1及对照组未见。结论 :苦参碱可以抑制JM细胞的DNA合成 ,造成G1期阻滞 ,从而抑制了细胞的增殖。同时 ,该生物碱还可诱导。     

紫草素对白血病细胞HL-60增殖及凋亡作用的影响

目的研究紫草素诱导人早幼粒白血病HL-60细胞凋亡的作用机制。方法 MTT比色法检测紫草素对HL-60细胞增殖的影响;Annexin V/PI分析凋亡率;半定量逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测bcl-2基因水平,分析白血病HL-60细胞凋亡作用与bcl-2表达水平关系。结果紫草素在1～8μg/mL浓度范围内能抑制HL-60细胞的增殖,具有时间和浓度的依赖性。2μg/mL紫草素能够诱导HL-60细胞凋亡,凋亡呈时间依赖性。在2μg/mL紫草素作用下,HL-60细胞bcl-2表达明显下调。结论紫草素能够诱导HL-60细胞凋亡,其作用机制与下调bcl-2表达有关。     

抗纤软肝颗粒对肝星状细胞增殖与凋亡的影响

目的:研究抗纤软肝颗粒(KXR)对肝星状细胞增殖、凋亡及凋亡相关蛋白的影响.方法:传代培养的大鼠肝星状细胞系HSC-T6与中药复方抗纤软肝颗粒(终浓度为5mg/ml、2.5mg/ml、1.25mg/ml)及药物血清(5%、10%、20%)共同培养48小时后,应用MTT法测定细胞增殖,TUNEL法及流式细胞仪测定细胞凋亡、免疫组化检测凋亡相关蛋白Bcl-2/Bax.结果:抗纤软肝颗粒无论是药物还是含药血清,均能显著抑制HSC-T6增殖,并使细胞周期阻滞于S期,在安全浓度范围内,5mg/ml组和10%药物血清组作用最强(P＜0.01); 并可诱导HSC凋亡, 且凋亡抑制分子Bcl-2表达下调, 促凋亡分子Bax表达增强(P＜0.01).结论:抗纤软肝颗粒抗肝纤维化的作用机制可能在于抑制肝星状细胞增殖,并通过下调Bcl-2/Bax比率,促进HSC凋亡.