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??OBJECTIVE To investigate the impacts of particle size and preferred orientation on relative peak intensity, number of peaks and order of peak intensity in powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) analysis of organic and inorganic pharmaceutical crystalline materials and evaluate the phase identification methods in various pharmaceutical compendiums.METHODS The PXRD patterns of organic and inorganic materials with different particle sizes obtained by sieving or grinding were acquired and the number of diffraction peaks, peak position and intensity of diffraction peaks were compared across different samples. RESULTS Due to preferred orientation effects, the diffraction patterns of samples with different particle sizes were apparently different, including the number of peaks, relative peak intensity and the order of the peak intensity. CONCLUSION Scientists may get different CONCLUSION s from the RESULTS of same tests performed according to the related guiding principles of current Chinese Pharmacopeia and USP39, EP8.0, JP16 ???? pharmacopoeia for identifying the crystalline forms.The phase identification by PXRD method in current Chinese Pharmacopeia neglects the effects of preferred orientation on diffraction peaks and relative peak intensity. This guideline needs to be updated to better reflect the scientific observation in industry and align with other well accepted compendiums such as USP, EP and JP.     

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??OBJECTIVE To study the chemical constituents of Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers.. METHODS The compounds were isolated and purified by Diaion HP-20, Toyopearl HW-40, Sephadex LH-20, MCI Gel CHP-20, silica gel column chromatography, and preparative HPLC, and their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral data and physiochemical properties. RESULTS Twenty compounds were elucidated as vanillic acid(1), ferulic acid(2), 4-hydroxyacetophenone(3), dihydroconiferylalcohol(4), loliolide(5), 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylprop-8-ene 4-O-??-D-xylopyraosyl-(1??6)-??-D-glucopyranoside(6), 1H-indole-3-carbaldehyde(7), 5,7-dihydroxychromone(8), pyromeconic acid(9), erigeside D(10), methyl syringate 4-O-??-D-glucopyranoside(11),(7S,8R)-urolignoside(12), homoeriodictyol(13), pinobaksin(14), chrysin(15), hispidulin(16), chryseriol(17), cyclomorusin(18), cirsimaritin(19), and naringenin(20), respectively. CONCLUSION Compounds 1-8 and 11-19 is isolated from this plant for the first time.     

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??OBJECTIVE To investigate the Polygonum capitatum's influences on the related indicators in db/db mice which is the obesity model of type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS Randomly dividing the mice into 5 groups:model group, rosiglitazone hydrochloride group, low-, moderate- and high-dose groups of Polygonum capitatum (5, 10, 20 g??kg^-1), make the db/m mice as blank control. Give the medicine for four weeks. The body weight, blood sugar were determined every week.At the end of fourth week, measuring the glucose tolerance and INS, IL-6 in serum. After all the mice were killed, testing the cholesterol and triglyceride in liver and skeletal muscle and then collecting the liver tissue for HE staining. At the meantime, the expression level of AMPK and GLUT4 in liver were detected by Q-PCR. RESULTS Polygonum capitatum can improve the body weight, blood sugar and glucose tolerance of db/db mice as well as the content of INS and IL-6 in serum, but increase the content of SOD and decrease the content of MDA in mice, furthermore, the cholesterol and triglyceride levels in the liver and skeletal muscle were also declined. HE staining showed that Polygonum capitatum could reduce the number of vacuoles in the liver of db/db mice, and make its shape more complete and ordered. What's more, raising the expression of AMPK and GLUT4 in the liver. CONCLUSION Polygonum capitatum can improve the condition of insulin resistance state, alleviate inflammation and advance the ability of db/db mice, which can also reduce the number of vacuoles in liver, and relieve the tissue lipid metabolic disorder. Meanwhile, Polygonum capitatum can promote the uptake of glucose in liver tissues, which is resulted from up-regulation of expression in hepatic AMPK and GLUT4 gene.     

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??OBJECTIVE To synthesize the impurity A of sitagliptin which is a highly selective DPP-4 inhibitor used for treatment of type 2 diabetes. METHODS 1-{3-Trifluoromethyl-5,6-dihydro-1,2,4-triazo[4,3-a]piperazin-7(8H)-yl}-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)butane-1,3-dione was prepared from 2,4,5-triflurophenylacetic acid, meldrum's acid and 3-trifluromethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyrazine hydrochloride with one-pot reaction, followed by reduction with sodium borohydride to yield the impurity A of sitagliptin. RESULTS The structure of the impurity A of sitagliptin was characterized by IR, MS, and ¹H-NMR. CONCLUSION The established synthetic route of the impurity A in this study has not been reported in the literature, and has the advantages of low-cost, easy operation, mild reaction, and high overall yield.     

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??OBJECTIVE To probe into the operation and management of quality control of chemotherapy in cancer hospital, so as to improve the efficacy and standardization of chemotherapy. METHODS By summarizing management practice of clinical chemotherapy of pharmacist inrapy drugs, and analyzing the pharmacists?? work and problems in cancer hospital, combining with domestic and foreign literature reports of pharmacists in quality control of chemotherapy, the concept and scope of chemothe sting in quality control of chemotherapy were formulated. RESULTS The scope of quality control of chemotherapy should include standardization of all drugs in the process of chemotherapy; pharmacists' work about quality control mainly includes two aspects: the quality control of pharmaceutical affairs management and clinical pharmaceutical care; the barriers of quality control are the lack of clinical knowledge and pharmaceutical guidelines, and the records of patients' chemotherapy.CONCLUSION With the pharmacist participating in clinical chemotherapy, pharmacists have the ability to become the interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary cooperation in tumor chemotherapy of participants, so as to guarantee the specification of the chemotherapy.     

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??Quercetin could affect both the in vivo and in vitro transport of a variety of commonly used drugs by modulating the uptake transporter organic anion transporter polypeptides (OATPs), organic anion transporters (OATs), efflux transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp), multidrug resistance-related protein (MRP) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), respectively. Quercetin can regulate various drug transporters, thereby affecting other drugs in vivo process.     

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??OBJECTIVE To investigate the contents of oligosaccharides in 37 batches of Morinda officinalis How samples from different habitats and germplasm resources at various ages. METHODS HPLC-ELSD method was used to determine the contents of four oligosaccharides, i.e sucrose, 1-kestose, nystose and 1^F-fructofuranosylnystose in Morinda officinalis How at different ages from different habitats and germplasm resources. The relationships among the several factors were analyzed. RESULTS The samples from Guangdong Province had larger amounts of sucrose, 1-kestose and 1^F-fructofuranosylnystose than those from Fujian, Guangxi and Hainan Provinces. The content of nystose in the samples from Guangdong Province was similar with those from Fujian Province. The contents of sucrose and 1-kestose were the highest in the samples of 2.5 years old, while the contents of nystose and 1^F-fructofuranosylnystose were the highest in the samples of 4 years old. The germplasm resources of small leaf had higher content of oligosaccharides than the large leaf germplasm in Guangdong Province, and different germplasm resources of Morinda officinalis How also had different morphological characteristics. CONCLUSION The contents of four Morinda officinalis How oligosaccharides vary with habitat, germplasm and age. This research may provide references for the quality control of Morinda officinalis How.     

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??OBJECTIVE To identify Dalbergiae Odoriferae Lignum and its adulterants using DNA barcoding. METHODS ITS2 is one of the popular DNA barcoding in the identification of traditional Chinese medicine. In this paper,the ITS2 regions of Dalbergiae Odoriferae Lignum and its adulterants were amplified and sequenced bi-directional.The length and GC content of ITS2 sequence were analyzed through MEGA5.0 software. The genetic distances were computed by kimura 2-parameter (K2P) model. Dalbergiae Odoriferae Lignum and its adulterants have been identified through the species identification system for traditional Chinese medicine and neighbor-joining (NJ) phylogenetic tree. RESULTS The sequence lengths of ITS2 of Dalbergiae Odoriferae Lignum were 216 bp, and the GC content was 68.5%. The minimum K2P interspecific genetic distances of Dalbergiae Odoriferae Lignum and its adulterants were 0.009, which was larger than that of the intraspecific genetic distances of Dalbergiae Odoriferae Lignum.The Dalbergiae Odoriferae Lignum and its adulterants can be obviously identified using the Species identification System and NJ phylogenetic trees.CONCLUSION ITS2 Regions as DNA barcode can identify Dalbergiae Odoriferae Lignum and its adulterants accurately.     

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??Topical ocular medication is commonly used for eye diseases treatment.In view of low bioavailability and poor efficacy of traditional ocular preparations,the development of novel ocular drug delivery systems has become a great challenge in pharmaceutics.In recent years, nano preparations have been widely used for ocular drug delivery systems. At present, several nanocarriers, such as polymeric micelles, nanoparticles, nanosuspension, liposomes, emulsion, and dendritic polymers have been developed for ocular drug delivery.There are some other new dosage forms, such as in-situ gelling systems, implants, contact lenses, and microneedles are also under continuous research. The aim of development of these new dosage forms is to improve the drugs' ocular bioavailability and therapeutic effects.In this paper,the development in these areas in recent years are reviewed in order to provide reference for the development of new ocular drug delivery systems.     

拉曼光谱法测定硫普罗宁注射液的含量

 目的 建立拉曼光谱法测定硫普罗宁注射液含量的方法。方法 利用拉曼散射原理,在水溶液中,拉曼峰信号的强度与溶质分子的浓度成正比,选取样品溶液拉曼光谱中硫普罗宁的巯基S-H振动(2 580 cm^-1)处的强峰作为定量峰,建立拉曼光谱法测定硫普罗宁注射液含量的方法。结果 硫普罗宁在10～100 mg·mL^-1内与拉曼峰强度呈良好的线性关系,线性回归方程为Y=166.1ρ-30.92,线性相关系数为0.999 9（n=6）,平均回收率为101.98%,RSD为2.09%（n=9）。结论 本方法操作简便、快速,可用于硫普罗宁注射液的含量测定。     

双黄清散剂质量标准研究

目的建立双黄清散剂的质量标准。方法采用薄层色谱法鉴别人工牛黄、黄柏、青黛、甘草、龙胆草;采用高效液相色谱法测定黄柏中有效成分盐酸小檗碱的含量。结果薄层鉴别方法专属性强,重复性好,空白无干扰;盐酸小檗碱在0.0802～0.802μg范围内呈良好的线性关系,r=0.9997,平均加样回收率为98.52%,RSD=1.05%(n=9)。结论本研究中建立的定性定量方法操作简便,专属性强,准确可靠,可以有效控制双黄清散剂的质量。     

基于BP-ANN算法建立紫石英中CaF2拉曼光谱定量模型

目的:利用拉曼光谱技术建立误差反向传播人工神经网络(back-propagation artificial neural networks,BP-ANN)定量分析模型,用于紫石英中CaF_2含量的快速检测。方法:采集紫石英及紫石英不同CaF_2含量配比品共计54批样品的拉曼光谱,光谱在OPUS 7.0软件中作Fourier自去卷积(Fourier self-deconvolution,FSD),并以一阶导数(FD)+矢量归一化(VN),9点平滑的方法进行预处理,逐级组合区间偏最小二乘法(si PLS)优选建模谱段,以乙二胺四乙酸滴定法测定各批样品中CaF_2含量结果为参考值,在Matlab 2014a软件中以BP-ANN算法建立CaF_2快速定量模型。结果:建立了以1 675~1 625,1 525~1 475,850~800,750~700,650~600 cm~(-1)为特征建模谱段的3层BP-ANN定量分析模型,模型预测均方根误差(RMSEP)2.73%,R~2=85.64%,预测结果最大相对偏差5.55%,平均相对偏差2.30%,平均回收率99.74%,表明模型的预测效果良好。结论:在si PLS优选所得谱段基础上,建立了紫石英BP-ANN定量分析模型,该模型预测能力较好,可用于紫石英中CaF_2含量的快速、准确测定。     

复方木鸡口服液质量标准的研究

目的：为控制复方木鸡口服液的质量,建立山豆根、核桃楸皮的薄层色谱鉴别及苦参碱的薄层扫描定量方法。方法：将样品中的山豆根与核桃楸皮进行薄层鉴别。对山豆根中的苦参碱进行薄层扫描定量。结果：鉴别方法专属性强,定量方法简便、准确,平均回收率为１０２．０％,ＲＳＤ为４．７８％。结论：本质量标准可有效地控制复方木鸡口服液的质量。     

盐酸左旋沙丁胺醇的HPLC测定

 目的 建立了HPLC测定盐酸左旋沙丁胺醇含量及有关物质的方法。方法 采用Chirex(S)-ICA and?NEA New Column手性柱,以正已烷-二氯甲烷-甲醇-三氟乙酸(240:140:20:1)为流动相,流速为1.0 mL·min^-1,检测波长为278 nm。结果 盐酸左旋沙丁胺醇与杂质分离良好,在0.004～0.8 nag·mL^-1范围内峰面积与进样浓度呈良好线性关系(r=0.9998),日内、日间RSD均小于1.5％,最低检测量为0.8 ng,最低定量限为2.5 ng。结论该法精密、准确,可用于盐酸左旋沙丁胺醇含量及有关物质的测定。     

复方木鸡口服液质量标准的研究

 目的:为控制复方木鸡口服液的质量,建立山豆根、核桃楸皮的薄层色谱鉴别及苦参碱的薄层扫描定量方法?方法:将样品中的山豆根与核桃楸皮进行薄层鉴别?对山豆根中的苦参碱进行薄层扫描定量?结果:鉴别方法专属性强,定量方法简便、准确,平均回收率为102.0%,RSD为4.78%?结论:本质量标准可有效地控制复方木鸡口服液的质量?     

重铬酸钾比色法测定盐酸小檗碱片的含量

 目的研究盐酸小檗碱片中盐酸小檗碱的含量测定方法,并与中国药典方法的测定结果比较,评价两种方法的相关性。方法用重铬酸钾比色法测定含量,以421 nm为测定波长,0.2 mg·mL^-1的基准重铬酸钾溶液作对照液。结果盐酸小檗碱在4.0～28.0μg·mL^-1之间呈良好的线性关系,相关系数r=0.9999,平均回收率为100.05%(n=5),RSD为0.43%。比较本法和中国药典方法的测定结果,相关性显著。结论本法简便、准确、重现性好,可用于盐酸小檗碱的含量测定。尤适于生产过程中的快速分析。     

小儿咳喘平合剂质量标准的研究

目的　为小儿咳喘平合剂提供质量控制的方法。方法　采用 TL C法对麻黄、紫菀、化橘红、白前分别进行了色谱鉴别。采用 HPL C法测定了合剂中盐酸麻黄碱的含量。结果　 TL C鉴别方法专属性强 ,含量测定盐酸麻黄碱在 0 .138～ 0 .82 8μg之间有良好线性关系 ,平均回收率为 97.4 9% ,RSD为 1.6 4 %。结论　本质量标准可有效地控制小儿咳喘平合剂的质量。     

盐酸苯环壬酯片的酸性色素比色法及其溶出度测定

 目的：测定盐酸苯环壬酯片的含量及溶出度。方法：采用浓剂萃取、酸性色素比色法测定含量,检测波长413 nm。溶出度以转篮法测定,转速100 r·min^-1,溶出介质500 ml pH 3磷酸盐缓冲液。结果：3.0～15.0μg·ml^-1范围内线性良好,r=0.9999(n=5),平均回收率99.95%(n=9),RSD为土0.65%。片剂30 min定时取样测定,主药溶出90%以上。结论：方法简便、准确、专属,可作为该制剂的含量浏定和质量控制。     

人参养荣口服液质量标准的研究

 目的：研究人参养荣口服液的质蚤标准。方法：采用TLC对人参、当归、白芍等成分进行色语鉴别，HPLC测定芍药普的含量。结果：鉴别中样品都能检出相应的斑点。含量测定芍药普童在0.25~1.25 μg范围内有良好的相关性，回收率为97.53%。结论：建立了该制剂的质量标准鉴别、含量测定方法，方法简便、可靠，具有实用性。