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??OBJECTIVE To study the chemical constituents of Callicarpa nudiflora. METHODS The chemical constituents were isolated and purified by column chromatography on silica gel, ODS, Sephadex LH-20 and MPLC. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic evidence and compared with those in literature. RESULTS Nine compounds were isolated and identified as 6-O-caffeoyl ajugol(1), leucosceptoslde A(2), 6-O-caffeoly-??-glucose(3), nudifloside(4), luteolin-7-O-glucoside(5), quercetin 3??-O-??-D-glucoside(6), cistaneside C(7), acteoside(8), and syringalide A 3??-??-L-rhamnopyranoside (9). CONCLUSION Compounds 1, 2, 6, 7, and 9 are isolated from this plant for the first time.     

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??OBJECTIVE To study the chemical constituents of Swertia binchuanensis. METHODS The constituents were isolated and purified by column chromatography of silica gel. Their structures were identified on the basis of spectral analysis and chemical properties. RESULTS Five compounds are isolated and identified as 7-O-????-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1??2)-??-D-xylopyranosyl??-1,8-dihydroxy-3-methoxyxanthone(1), 3-O-??-D-glucopyranosyl-1,8-dihydroxyl-5-methoxyxanthone(2), 7-O-??-D- glucopyranosyl-1,8-dihydroxyl-3-methoxyxanthone(3), amarogentin(4), and amaroswerin(5). CONCLUSION All of the compounds were isolated from S.binchuanensis for the first time.     

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??OBJECTIVE To study the chemical constituents of the aqueous extract from the aerial part of Sibiraea angustata. METHODS The constituents were isolated by various chromatographic techniques(HP-20 macroporous absorption resin, Sephadex LH-20 gel, Reverse-phase silical gel and PHPLC) and their structures were determined on the basis of physicochemical properties and their spectroscopic data, as well as the literatures. RESULTS Twelve compounds were separated and identified as veratric acid(1),(+)-cycloolivil(2), 3,7-dimethyl-3(E)-6-octadien-5-one-1-O-??-D-glucoside(3), 3,7-dimethyl-3(Z)-6-octadien-5-one-1-O-??-D-glucoside(4), 1-O-??-D-glucopyranosyl(1??2)-??-D-glucopyranosyl-3,7-dimethyl-2(E)-6-heptdiene(5),(7R,8S)-dihydrodehydrodiconiferyl alcohol-9??-O-??-D-glucopyranoside(6),(+)-1-hydroxypinoresinol-1-??-D-glucoside(7), skimmin(8), kaempferol 3-O-??-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1??6)-??-D-galactopyranoside(9), isorhamnetin-3-O-??-D-galactopyranosyl(1??6)-??-D-glucopyranoside(10), isorhamnetin 3-O-??-arabinopyranosyl-(1??6)-??-galactopyranoside(11), and quercetin 3-O-[2''-O-(E)-caffeoyl]-??-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1??6)-??-D-galactopyranoside(12). CONCLUSION All compounds are obtained from the genus of Sibiraea for the first time.     

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??OBJECTIVE To study the flavonoid glycosides of Urena lobata. METHODS Compounds were isolated and purified using various column chromatographies such as D101 macroporous adsorption resin, silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, and prep HPLC. Their structures were identified on the basis of their physicochemical properties and various spectroscopic experiments, including HRESIMS, ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR, HSQC, and HMBC. RESULTS Ten flavonoid glycosides were obtained from the n-BuOH extract of U. lobata including quercetin-3-O-??-D-glucopyranosyl-(1??2)-??-D-galactopyranoside(1), kaempferol-3-O-??-D-glucopyranosyl-(1??2)-??-D-glucopyranosyl-7-O-??-L-rhamnopyranoside(2), quercetin-3-O-??-D-apiofuranosyl-(1??2)-??-D-glucopyranosyl-7-O-??-L-rhamnopyranoside(3), kaempferol-4'-O-??-D-apiofuranosyl-3-O-??-D-glucopyranosyl-7-O-??-L-rhamnopyranoside(4), kaempferol-3-O-??-D-apiofuranosyl-(1??2)-??-D-glucopyranosyl-7-O-??-L-rhamnopyranoside(5), quercetin-3-O-??-D-glucopyranosyl-7-O-??-L-rhamnopyranoside(6), quercetin-3-O-??-D-glucopyranosyl-(1??2)-??-D-glucopyranoside(7), kaempferol-3-O-??-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1??6)-??-D-glucopyranosyl-(1??2)-??-D-glucopyranoside(8), kaempferol-3-O-??-D-glucopyranosyl-(1??2)-[??-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1??6)]-??-D-glucopyranoside(9) and kaempferol-3-O-??-D-glucopyranosyl-(1??2)-??-D-glucopyranoside(10). CONCLUSION Compounds 1-3 and 6-10 are firstly obtained from U. lobata.     

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??OBJECTIVE To study the chemical constituents from the aerial parts of Paris polyphylla var. chinensis. METHODS The compounds were isolated and purified from the 75% ethanol extract by chromatography on HPD100 macroporous resin, silica gel, and Sephadex LH-20 as well as semi-preparative HPLC. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral data. RESULTS Eleven compounds were isolated and identified as corchionoside C (1), ??-ecdysterone (2), coronatasterone (3), kaempferol-3-O-??-D-galactopyranoside (4), astragalin (5), isorhamnetin-3-O-??-D-glucopyranoside (6), kaempferol-3-O-??-D-glucopyranosyl-(l??2)-??-D-galactopyranoside(7), isorhamnetin-3-O-??-D-glucopyranosyl-(l??2)-??-D-galactopyranoside (8), kaempferol-3-O-??-D-glucopyranosyl-(l??2)-??-D-glucopyranoside (9), isorhamnetin-3-O-??-D-galactopyranosyl-(l??6)-??-D-glucopyranoside (10), and isorhamnetin-3-O-??-D-gentiobioside (11). CONCLUSION Compounds 1 and 3-11 are isolated from this plant for the first time and compounds 1, 3-5 and 8-10 are isolated from Paris plants for the first time.     

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??OBJECTIVE To investigate the chemical constituents from the stems of Lythrum salicaria L..METHODS The constituents were isolated and purified by silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, and TLC. The structures were identified on the basis of spectral data and physiochemical characteristics. RESULTS Twenty compounds were isolated from 70% ethanol extracts and identified as betulinic acid(1), 2??,3??,24-trihydroxy-12(13)-en-urs-28-oic acid(2), 6-O-(E)- sinapoylpoligalitol(3), feruloyl-6??-O-??-D-glucopyranoside(4), 7-oxo-??-sitosterol(5), en-tisolariciresinol(6), muramine(7), aesculetin(8), apigenin(9),(2E,6S)-2,6-dimethyl-6-O-??-D-xylpyranosyloxy-2,7-menthiafolic acid(10), quercetin3-O-(6??-caffeoyl)-??-D-galactopyranoside(11), cycloart-23-ene-3??,25-diol(12), (1??S,6??R)-8??-hydroxyabscisic acid-??-D-glucoside(13), 3??,5-dihydroxy-3,6,4??-trimethoxyl-7-O-??-D-glucopyranoside flavonoid(14), aurantiamide acetate(15), 5,6,3??,4??-tetrahydroxy-3,7-dimethoxy-flavone(16), ursolic acid(17), oleanolic acid(18), 4-O-11-methyl-oleoside-p-hydroxyphenyl-(6??-11-methyloleoside)-??-D-glucopyranoside(19), and 6-O-galloylarbutin(20). CONCLUSION Except for compounds 8 and 9, all the compounds were isolated from this plant material for the first time.
     

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??OBJECTIVE To investigate the chemical constituents from Bletilla striata (Thunb.) Reichb.f and study their anti-tumor activities and effect on progression of cell cycle. METHODS The compounds were isolated by various chromatographic methods including silica gel, ODS, Sephadex LH-20, and so on. Their structures were identified by extensive analysis of spectiroscopic data. The antiproliferative effects of the compounds were evaluated using MTT test, and compound 1 was tested for the effect on the cell cycle of A549 cells. RESULTS Five compounds were isolated from Bletilla striata and identified as 3??-hydroxyoleane-12-en-28-oic acid 3-O-??-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1??2)-??-D-glucopyranoside(1),2-hydroxysuccinic acid(2),4-hydroxybenzylamine(3),palmitic acid(4),and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid(5). Compound 1 showed antiproliferative activity against the cancer cells and could induce G₀/G₁ phase arrest effectively after 24 h treatment. CONCLUSION Compounds 1-4 are isolated from Bletilla striata for the first time. Compound 1 shows potent inhibitory effect and might produce their action through inducing cell cycle arrest.     

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??OBJECTIVE To study the chemical constituents of Patrinia villosa (Thunb.) Juss. METHODS The compounds were isolated by a combination of various chromatographic techniques including column chromatography over macroporous resin, Sephadex LH-20, and reversed-phase HPLC. Their structures were elucidated by physiochemical property and spectral analysis. RESULTS Eleven compounds were isolated and identified as(7R,8S)-3,3??,5-trimethoxy-4??,7-epoxy-8,5??-neolignan-4,9,9??-triol-9-O-??-D-glucopyranoside(1), massonianoside D(2),(7R,8S)-dihydroxydehydrodiconiferyl alcohol-4-O-??-D-glucopyranoside(3),(7S,8R)-dihydroxydehydrodiconiferyl alcohol-4-O-??-D-glucopyranoside(4), 7R,8S-glochidioboside(5), lariciresinol-4-O-??-D-glucopyranoside(6), lariciresinol-9-O-??-D-glucopyranoside(7), lariciresinol-4??-O-??-D-glucopyranoside(8), tortoside B(9), tanegool(10), and tanegool-7??-methyl ether(11). CONCLUSION All compounds are isolated from Patrinia genus for the first time.     

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??OBJECTIVE To explore the mechanism of venlafaxine, paroxetine and St. John's wort extract by comparing the changes of endogenous metabolites profile in rat serum. METHODS These three drugs were employed to intervene in rats exposed to the chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). Serum samples from all of rats were collected for a ¹H-NMR metabolomics analysis to find the differences of metabolic profile. RESULTS The resulting metabolic profiles demonstrated that these three antidepressants have an obvious difference effect on the endogenous metabolites in serum of the CUMS rats. It was also shown that the differential metabolites could be reversed in different degree. Six metabolites could be callback by venlafaxine while 4 metabolites by paroxetine and five metabolites by St. John's wort extract, in which lactate, choline, N-acetyl glycoprotein could be regulated to normal by all these three drugs. CONCLUSION The different drugs have difference regulation on the type and level of the endogenous metabolites, but also have similarities, which can provide a reference for the better understanding of the mechanism of antidepressant drugs.     

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??OBJECTIVE To optimize the formulation of ambroxol hydrochloride sandwich osmotic pump tablets using Box-Behnken design response surface method. METHODS Firstly, significant factors, including amount of glucose, ratio of pore former to weight of coating, and thicknesss of coating, were chosen carefully by single-factor METHODS, then Box-Behnken design-response surface method was adopted to understand the effects of these factors on the drug release by using similarity factor f₂ as evaluation index. And multiple linear regression model and quadratic polynomial equation were established to evaluate the relationship between these factors and similarity factor f₂. Secondly, the permeation mechanism of sandwich osmotic pump was studied carefully by SEM and drug release behavior investigation. RESULTS The quadratic polynomial equation was ideal to fit the prediction result of drug release; the optimal formulation according to Design-Expert8.0.5 software was established as follows: 50 mg of glucose, 8% of pore former, 9% of coating weight. The f₂ was approximate 89.33 compared with ideal drug release curve, which was relatively close to the model-predicted f₂ value (88.89). Through investigation of permeation mechanism, it was found that the drug release from this delivery system was driven by osmotic pressure difference between the interior of tablets and the release medium. By means of SEM observation, it was shown that some pores on the coating surface were produced after drug release in the medium, but few before drug release, which cued that a lot of medium got into the interior of tablets through the tunnels formed by the porogen in the coating. CONCLUSION Box-Behnken design method can be used to optimize the formulation of sandwich osmotic pump tablets.     

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??OBJECTIVE To investigate the liposoluble constituents of Urticae Rhizoma. METHODS The compounds were isolated and purified by silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, ODS gel column chromatographies, and semi-preparative HPLC. The structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral data and physiochemical properties. RESULTS Twenty-one compounds were isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction of Urticae Rhizoma, and identified as(-)-urticol(1),(-)-secoisolariciresinol(2), 23-hydroxybetulinic acid(3), 2??,3??, 24-trihydroxy-12-oleanen-28-oic acid(4), cleomiscosin A (5), dihydro-4-hydroxy-5-hydroxymethyl-2(3H)-furanone(6), methyl chlorogenate(7), kaempferol(8), pinoresinol monomethyether-4??-O-??-D-glucopyranoside(9), martairesinol-4??-O-??-D-glucopyranoside(10), cycloolivil-6-O-??-D-glucopyranoside(11), stigmasterol-3-O-??-D-glucopyranoside(12), nicotinamide(13), trans-caffeic acid-4-O-??-D-glucopyranoside(14), esculin(15), 5-hydroxyl-7-methoxycoumarin-8-O-??-D-glucopyranoside(16), 6-oxymethyluteolin-7-O-??-D-glucopyranoside(17), luteolin-7-O-??-D-glucopyranoside(18), quercetin-3-O-(4??-methoxy)-??-L-rhamnopyranoside(19), 2??-deoxy uridine(20), and apigenin-6, 8-di-C-??-D-glycoside(21), respectively. CONCLUSION All the compounds, except 8 and 12, are isolated from U. fissa for the first time. Meanwhile, compounds 5, 6, 9, 10, 11, 14, 16, 17, and 19 are all found in Urticaeae plants for the first time.     

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??OBJECTIVE To investigate the chemical constituents from the stems of Viola japonica var. stenopetala Franch. ex H.METHODS The constituents were isolated and purified by silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, and preparative TLC. The structures were identified on the basis of spectral data and physiochemical characteristics. RESULTS Fifteen compounds were isolated from 70% ethanol extract of Viola japonica var. stenopetala Franch. ex H. and identified as ??-sitosterol (1), daucosterol(2), chlorogenic acid (3), 7-hydroxycoumarin (4), stigmastero-3-O-??-D-glucopyranoside (5), dehydrololiolide (6), kaempferol-7-O-??-D-glucopyranoside (7), characterizedas(+)-pinoresinol-O-??-D-glucopyranoside (8), 5,7-dihydroxy-3,6-dimethoxyflavone (9), apigenin-7-O-??-D-glucoside (10), chryseriol (11), ??-amyrin(12), robinin(13), kaempferol-3,7-di-O-??-L-rahmnoside(14), and solagenin-6-O-??-D-quinovopyranoside(15). CONCLUSION Compounds 8 and 15 are isolated from the plants in Gnaphalium L. for the first time. Compounds 5, 6, 8, 11, 14, and 15 are isolated from this plant material for the first time.
     

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??OBJECTIVE To study the bioactivity and chemical constituents of different polar parts from blueberry leaves. METHODS Blueberry leaves were extracted by ethanol and then the extract was sequentially partitioned into five fractions. Silicagel and Sephadex LH-20 chromatographic methods were applied to isolate and purify compounds. Their structures were elucidated by physiochemical properties and spectral analysis.The DPPH?? radical scavenging activity, ??-glycosidase and pancreatic lipase inhibition activity of different polar parts and partial compounds were determined. RESULTS The n-butyl alcohol fraction(BF) showed the highest DPPH?? radical scavenging activity and ??-glycosidase inhibition activity. The ethyl acetate fraction(EAF) showed the strongest pancreatic lipase inhibition activity. A total of five compounds were isolated from the EAF, and their structures were identified as ??-sitosterol(1), quercetin-3-O-??-L-arabinofuranoside(2), quercetin(3), quercetin-3-O-??-D-glucopyranoside(4) and 1-O-caffeoylquinic acid(5). A total of two compounds were isolated from the BF, and their structures were identified as quercetin-3-O-??-L-arabinoside(6) and quercetin-3-O-??-D-glucuronide(7). The results showed that compounds 3 and 5 had very good DPPH?? radical scavenging and pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity, and compounds 1 and 3 had good ??-glucosidase inhibitory activity. CONCLUSION The different polar parts and compounds of blueberry leaves show strong DPPH?? radical scavenging activity, ??-glycosidase and pancreatic lipase inhibition activity. Compounds 1, 2, 5 and 6 are isolated from blueberry leaves for the first time.     

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??OBJECTIVE To isolate the chemical constituents from Caulophyllum robustum and confirm their chemical structures. METHODS The chemical constituents were isolated by MCI gel, repeated silica gel chromatography, preparative liquid chromatography.and their structures were elucidated by NMR and MS etc. RESULTS The structures of compounds 1-10 were identified as echinocystic acid (1), oleanolic acid-3-O-??-D-glucopyranosyl-(1??2)-??-L-arabinopyranoside (2), hederagenin-3-O-??-D-glucopyranosyl-(1??3)-??-L-arabinopyranoside (3), hederagenin-3-O-??-D-glucopyranosyl-(1??2) [??-D-glucopyranosyl-(1??3)]-??-L-arabinopyranoside (4), 3-O-??-D-glucopyranosyl-(1??2)-??-L-arabinopyranosyl echinocystic acid-28-O-??-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1??4)-??-D-glucopyranosyl-(1??6)-??-D-glucopyranosyl ester (5), 3-O-??-L-arabinopyranosyl hederagenin-28-O-(4-O-acetyl)-??-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1??4)-??-D-glucopyranosyl-(1??6)-??-D-glucopyranosyl ester (6), (6R, 7E, 9R)-9-hydroxy-4, 7-megastigmadien-3-one-9-O-??-D-glucoside (7), (9R)-9-hydroxy-4, 6-megastigmadien-3-one-9-O-??-D-glucoside (8), maltose (9), and sucrose (10). CONCLUSION Compounds 1-10 are firstly isolated from the genus Caulophyllum except 5.     

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??OBJECTIVE To study the chemical constituents of Magnolia biondii.Pamp. METHODS The compounds were isolated and purified by Diaion HP-20, Toyopearl HW-40, silica gel column chromatography and semi-preparative HPLC and so on. The structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral data and physiochemical properties. RESULTS Fourteen compounds were isolated and identified as 4-O-??-D-glucopyranosylvanillic acid(1), tachinoside(2), methyl 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoate(3), caffeic acid(4), 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl-??-D-glucopyranoside(5), benzyl-O-??-D-glucopyranoside(6), benzyl-O-??-D-galactopyranoside(7), syringin(8), vanillic acid glucosyl ester(9), vanillic acid(10), 1??-(3,4-dihydroxycinnamoyl)cyclopentane-2??,3??-diol(11), scopolin(12),7-methoxycoumarin-6-O-??-D-glucopyranoside(13), and scopoletin(14). CONCLUSION Compounds 1-9 and 11-13 are isolated from this plant for the first time.     

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??OBJECTIVE To study the chemical constituents from the fruits of Lycium ruthenicum Murr. METHODS The compounds were isolated by various chromatographic METHODS including macroporous adsorption resin, silica gel, ODS, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, and preparative HPLC, and their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data and physico-chemical METHODS. RESULTS Eleven compounds were isolated from the 65% ethanol extract of the fruits of Lycium ruthenicun Murr., and their structures were identified as p-hydroxyphenethyl trans-ferulate(1), kaempferol 3-O-??-D-glucopyranoside(2), quercetin 3-O-??-D-glucopyranoside(3), syringin(4), quercetin(5), ethyl caffeate(6), p-coumaric acid(7), ferulic acid(8), 2,6-bis(1-phenylethyl) phenol(9), dotriacontane(10), and daucosterol(11). CONCLUSION Compounds 1-4, 6, 9, and 10 are for the first time isolated from Lycium ruthenicum Murr. Compounds 1-8 show moderate protective effects on OGD-induced PC12 cell lines.