手术切除大脑中动脉巨大球形动脉瘤1例报告

1病例资料患者男性63岁。因“反复头昏7年,伴头痛1周”入住内科,查体无神经系统阳性体征,诊断考虑高血压病。为排除脑梗塞行头颅,CT检查,示左颞占位性病变,考虑脑膜瘤可能性大。经会诊后转入我科。MRI示左颞叶约5.3cm×4.7cm大小类圆形肿块,边界光滑锐利,并见肿块影有搏动性伪影,增强扫描肿块明显强化,考虑左颞叶巨大动脉瘤行DSA全脑血管造影术,提示左颞叶左侧大脑中动脉巨大动脉瘤图,(1)。手术在充分准备后进行全麻后行腰椎穿刺,留置导管于蛛网膜下腔,开颅时缓慢释放脑脊液降低颅内压。手术经扩大翼点,入路开颅。在显微镜下分离侧裂,其…     

大脑中动脉远端动脉瘤破裂1例报告并文献复习

目的探讨大脑中动脉远端动脉瘤破裂的手术治疗。方法手术治疗1例破裂的大脑中动脉M3段动脉瘤并复习有关文献。结果术前CTA提示右侧大脑中动脉M3段动脉瘤,术中成功夹闭动脉瘤并清除血肿减压,术后患者恢复良好。结论大脑中动脉远端动脉瘤少见,破裂后易形成脑内血肿,早期行开颅手术夹闭并清除血肿,预后较好。     

1例罕见颅内巨大大脑中动脉夹层动脉瘤的临床及影像特点

1 临床资料 患者,男,30岁,头痛1年加重10d入院。既往无发热及明显外伤病史。查体：神志清楚,四肢活动良好,肌力5级,病理征（-）。CT扫描显示右颞叶类圆形混杂密度影,同侧脑室轻度受压,水肿带不明显。MRI显示右颞叶巨大占位病灶,高低信号混杂,中间有低信号影（图1）。CTA显示M2段以上有一“腊肠样”结构（图2）。DSA检查显示大脑中动脉夹层动脉瘤,长约60mm,宽约20mm（图3）,静脉腔内有造影剂存留。     

大脑中动脉分支闭塞表现为动脉瘤一例报告并文献复习

目的 报告1例大脑中动脉分支闭塞表现为动脉瘤的病例,以提高对此种疾病的认识.方法 患者,男,57岁.以短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)发病,CTA及DSA显示右侧大脑中动脉起始部闭塞;左侧大脑中动脉相当于分叉部可见囊状突起,双侧大脑中动脉远端血管呈烟雾样改变.予以手术治疗,术中证实此“动脉瘤”为一动脉盲端,未予处理,仅行脑-硬膜-动脉-肌肉血管融合术(EDAMS).结果 术后患者恢复良好,随访至半年时,TIA未发作.结论 当大脑中动脉分叉部存在动脉瘤样改变,远端发生烟雾样现象并伴有缺血症状时,要考虑到动脉闭塞形成残端的可能.     

大脑中动脉动脉瘤的显微手术治疗

目的总结显微外科手术处理大脑中动脉动脉瘤的经验。方法1998年1月～2006年1月共手术治疗大脑中动脉动脉瘤36例，男19例，女17例。年龄12～65岁（平均41岁）。36例共计38个大脑中动脉动脉瘤，动脉瘤大小3～60mm，其中3～7mm9个，8～14mm17个，15～24mm7个，≥25mm5个。术前破裂出血30例，其中14例形成脑内血肿；6例因其它疾病或体检时偶然发现。所有病例经DSA检查，部分病人同时行MRA或CTA检查，其中2例病人DSA检查未发现动脉瘤，而CTA则清楚显示动脉瘤。4例病人合并有其它部位动脉瘤，2例为双侧镜影动脉瘤。动脉瘤位于大脑中动脉分叉部30个，分叉部近端7个、远端1个。采用翼点入路，显微镜下打开侧裂，依动脉瘤部位，逆行或顺行沿大脑中动脉主干（支）寻找分离动脉瘤，并夹闭之。结果全部38个动脉瘤均用一个或多个动脉瘤夹夹闭，其中8个大或巨大动脉瘤同时摘除血栓并切除大部瘤体以解除其占位效应。术后恢复良好28例，发生偏瘫失语7例（因局部脑梗塞所致），死亡1例。结论显微手术治疗大脑中动脉动脉瘤可以获得满意疗效，术中应尽量避免损伤大脑中动脉的分支，防止术后发生脑梗塞造成患者神经功能障碍。     

完全血栓化的大脑中动脉动脉瘤2例报告并文献复习

目的探讨完全血栓化的大脑中动脉动脉瘤的临床特征及治疗方式。方法回顾性分析2例完全血栓化的大脑中动脉动脉瘤患者的临床资料,并对相关文献进行复习。结果本组2例患者均为中年女性,表现为头痛(不剧烈)和发作性头晕。经头颅CT、MRI和DSA检查诊断为完全血栓化的大脑中动脉动脉瘤;予以观察随访。结合文献复习,完全血栓化的颅内动脉瘤以女性多见,首发症状多为头痛,均为未破裂动脉瘤,多发于大脑中动脉。其术前易误诊为颅内海绵状血管瘤或肿瘤等,多采用动脉瘤孤立切除或血管重建术治疗。结论完全血栓化的大脑中动脉瘤易与颅内海绵状血管瘤等相混淆。当病灶位于动脉主干或分支远端时,应高度考虑完全血栓化的动脉瘤存在;若其无占位效应,则以观察为主,定期随访复查。     

大脑中动脉夹层动脉瘤临床特点及治疗的荟萃分析

目的 综合分析有关大脑中动脉夹层动脉瘤临床报道病例的临床表现、治疗特点以及预后情况。方法 用关键词途径对1990年1月～2003年5月MEDLINE数据库进行光盘检索。对34例临床确诊为大脑中动脉夹层动脉瘤的病例报道资料进行综合分析，并进行统计学处理。结果 大脑中动脉夹层动脉瘤无明显性别和临床表现上的差异，其好发于中动脉M1段和M2段。破裂或未破裂的中动脉夹层动脉瘤的手术组预后均明显优于保守组，两者统计学差异明显。结论 大脑中动脉夹层动脉瘤是一种较为罕见的脑血管疾病。对于破裂或未破裂(尤其是M1段)的大脑中动脉夹层动脉瘤应于诊断后早期进行手术干预，改善患者预后。     

大脑中动脉动脉瘤急诊开颅手术体会

目的 总结大脑中动脉动脉瘤急诊开颅手术的治疗经验。方法 回顾性分析2009年11月至2012年12月急诊开颅手术治疗20例大脑中动脉动脉瘤患者的临床资料。结果 20例动脉瘤均成功夹闭,死亡1例,出现大面积脑梗死3例,二次出血3例,术后因颅内压增高行扩大骨窗手术1例,其余病人术后无手术相关并发症。结论 大脑中动脉动脉瘤破裂出血有其相应的临床特点,术中颅内压增高的处理、手术入路的选择、轻柔的显微外科操作以及抗癫痫药物的使用都影响病人的预后。     

巨大大脑中动脉动脉瘤夹闭1例

目的探讨巨大大腻中动脉（MCA）动脉瘤的诊疗经验。方法州顺性分析1例巨大MCA动脉瘤病人的临床资料,经开颅手术切除瘤体后夹闭瘤颈,并行去骨瓣减压,结合文献进行分析。结果术后7dCTA硅示动脉瘤无残留,左侧MCA末梢显影很好。术后2周GOS评分为5分。术后3个月行颅骨修补术．头部CT硅示无明显脑缺血灶。随访2年,病人恢复良好,能正常生活及Ij作。结论术前充分评估瘤体和瘤颈形态,术中切除占位性瘤体后重塑瘤颈再妥善央闭,可使巨大MCA动脉瘤的手术央闭获得良好疗效。     

Large middle cerebral artery dissecting aneurysm mimicking hemorrhagic stroke

Dissection of intracranial arteries is a rare cause of cerebrovascular diseases commonly presenting as an ischemic stroke. We report a patient with middle cerebral artery dissection who developed a large middle cerebral artery dissecting aneurysm mimicking a hemorrhagic stroke.     

Recanalization after endovascular occlusion of a dissecting aneurysm of the posterior cerebral artery--A case report and review of the literature

Endovascular occlusion has been accepted as a safe, minimally invasive, and reliable treatment for ruptured dissecting aneurysms. Occlusion of the entire affected area is ideally the most complete treatment for such lesions. However, it is difficult to occlude the entire dissected lesion when it involves side branches due to the short-term risk of side branch occlusion, emboli dislodgement, and the long-term risk of parent artery recanalization. We herein present an extremely rare case where recanalization occurred after endovascular occlusion of a ruptured dissecting aneurysm of the posterior cerebral artery, and discuss its clinical implications. There are three mechanisms of recanalization: coil compaction due to loose or short segment packing, secondary dissection and occlusion of the false lumen. In endovascular occlusion of dissecting aneurysms that involve side branches, it is important to consider the risk of both recanalization and ischemic complications. We should attempt to insert the microcatheter into the true lumen and maintain dense packing as long as possible, unless the coils occlude the side branches following the procedure. Careful follow-up is necessary in all patients that received endovascular treatment.     

A possible case of unruptured middle cerebral artery aneurysm presenting as epileptic seizures

Abstract. We report the case of a 73-year-old man with an unruptured anueurysm of the left middle cerebral artery. The initial sign was complex partial seizures. A standard scalp electroencephalogram was normal while neuropsychological tests revealed a slight deficit of episodic memory. Brain MRI showed an aneurysm at the left middle cerebral artery bifurcation. Cerebral angiography confirmed the presence of a saccular aneurysm at the left middle cerebral artery bifurcation, with a maximum diameter of 12 mm. This case had two main characteristic features: seizures had a quite late onset and were the only symptom the patient experienced.     

大脑中动脉瘤21例显微手术治疗

目的探讨大脑中动脉瘤显微手术治疗的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析21例显微手术治疗的大脑中动脉瘤的临床资料。结果所有病例均施行显微外科手术,其中行动脉瘤夹闭17例,动脉瘤切除3例,夹闭加包裹1例。术后严重血管痉挛3例,死亡1例,术后随访20例,随访时间6~30个月,优良19例,中残1例。结论充分的术前评估和合适的手术入路选择是显微外科手术成功治疗大脑中动脉瘤的基础和保证。     

Dissecting aneurysm of intracranial vertebral artery: case report and review of literature

Summary A spontaneous dissecting aneurysm of the intracranial portion of the dominant right vertebral artery presented as massive subarachnoid hemorrhage, excruciating headache, and respiratory arrest in a 57-year-old white man with a history of systemic hypertension. He died on the 3rd day. Postmortem examination revealed a dissecting hemorrhage extending for 2.1 cm along the artery; rupture of the intima, media, and adventitia could be demonstrated. The intramural accumulation of blood in the proximal segments appeared to be related to retrograde dissection within a media weakened by cystic degeneration. Accumulation of pools of mucoid ground substance was also demonstrated in other intracranial and extracranial arteries. Hemodynamic stresses due to arterial hypertension and physical exertion may have played a contributory role in the etiopathogenesis of this uncommon form of cerebrovascular accident. A comprehensive literature review permits a comparison of supratentorial and infratentorial dissecting aneurysms; vertebral and basilar artery dissections are presented in tabular form.

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Zusammenfassung Ein spontan dissezierendes Aneurysma des intrakraniellen Abschnittes der dominanten rechten A. vertebralis mit massiver Subarachniodalblutung bei einem 57jährigen Mann mit anamnestisch bekannter Hypertonie führte zu starken Kopfschmerzen, Atemstillstand und schließlich am 3. Tag zum Tode. Die Autopsie ergab eine Blutung aus einer 2,1 cm langen Dissekation mit einem Riß durch Intima, Media und Adventitia. Die Blutansammlung im proximalen Abschnitt spricht für eine retrograde Dissekation innerhalb der durch eine zystische Degeneration geschwächten Media. Eine Häufung poolförmiger mucoider Grundsubstanz wurde auch in anderen intraund extrakraniellen Arterien nachgewiesen. Hämodynamischer Streß infolge Hypertonie und körperliche Belastung konnten eine mitbestimmende Rolle in der Ätiopathogenese der ungewöhnlichen Form eines cerebralen Insultes spielen. Ein umfassender Literaturüberblick gestattet eine Vergleich supra- und subtentorieller dissezierender Aneurysmen; diese werden tabellarisch einmal im Bereich der Vertebralarterien, zum anderen im Bereich der A. basilaris dargestellt.

     

大脑中动脉动脉瘤合并外侧裂血肿的手术体会

目的 探讨大脑中动脉动脉瘤合并外侧裂血肿手术方法.方法 回顾性研究2005年1月至2012年2月期间我科收治的大脑中动脉动脉瘤合并外侧裂血肿(血肿量超过20ml)者31例,探寻手术中血肿未完全清除的原因,从解剖及手术技巧探讨手术不足之处.结果 原因包括术前切口设计骨窗偏小,清除血肿时颞叶前部皮层切口过短,及动脉瘤夹闭成功后对外侧裂血肿清除重视不足;另外对于动脉瘤及重要分支附近某些“早期机化”质地较硬的血肿过度清除,导致分支损伤术后继发出血.结论 头皮及颞叶皮层切口可以向颞后部适当扩大或延长,对于血肿清除有利;对于个别粘附在动脉瘤及载瘤动脉重要分支附近的“机化样”血块,适度清除.     

大脑中动脉M1段动脉瘤手术治疗体会

目的探讨大脑中动脉M1段动脉瘤特点及显微手术夹闭的技巧和预后。方法总结我科20例不同级别大脑中动脉M1段动脉瘤,在不同时期均采用经翼点入路显微镜下行动脉瘤夹闭。结果动脉瘤均行夹闭,手术后死亡2例,病人发生颞叶大面积脑梗死;出院时格拉斯哥预后评分(GOS)优良10例,中度残4例,重度残3例,植物状态1例。结论大脑中动脉M1段动脉瘤预后差,致残率高,容易发生大面积脑梗死,早期手术及灵活的手术技巧以及术后高灌注和预防脑血管痉挛是改善预后的有效手段。     

Anterior communicating artery aneurysm associated with an infraoptic course of anterior cerebral artery and rare variant of the persistent trigeminal artery: a case report and literature review

Infraoptic course of the precommunicating segment of the anterior cerebral artery (A1) is a rare anomaly. Furthermore, the presence of this anomaly associated with persistent trigeminal artery variant has been reported in the literature only once. We present a patient who had infraoptic course of A1 associated with an ipsilateral persistent trigeminal artery variant arising from the right internal carotid artery with no apparent connection to the basilar artery. The persistent trigeminal artery variant supplied to the right posteroinferior cerebellar artery territory. The patient also had hypoplastic left vertebral artery, superior cerebellar arteries originating from posterior cerebellar arteries bilaterally, and a bilobed aneurysm of the anterior communicating artery. The aneurysm was clipped and the infraoptic course was verified during the surgery. The post-operative course was uneventful and a follow-up arteriogram on the 7th postoperative day revealed successful obliteration of the aneurysm.We reviewed the literature with respect to presentation, associated vascular anomalies, imaging, associated cerebral aneurysms and other cerebral abnormalities, and treatment of the associated aneurysms. A discussion of the embryogenesis of this rare anomaly is also provided.