自攻型微螺钉种植体支抗的临床应用研究

目的 研究自攻型微螺钉种植体作为磨牙强支抗的临床应用效果.方法 在30例采用自攻型微螺钉种植体作为磨牙支抗的临床病例中,选择6例已经结束治疗的患者进行分析.6例患者均为骨性Ⅱ类上颌前突患者,拔除上颌双侧第一前磨牙后采用上颌强支抗进行矫治.选择自攻型微螺钉种植体作为上颌支抗,以内收上颌前牙、关闭拔牙间隙.种植体植入部位为上颌第二前磨牙与第一磨牙牙根间的颊侧牙槽间隔,加力值为每侧1.47～1.96 N.对患者拔牙间隙关闭前后的头颅定位侧位片进行分析,测量前牙内收情况和磨牙支抗的变化.结果 6例患者共植入12枚微螺钉种植体,矫治后其上颌前突症状均得到明显改善,上颌切牙切缘平均内收6.06 mm,支抗磨牙平均前移0.44 mm,均获得了磨牙强支抗效果.治疗中,种植体保持稳定,种植体周围的软组织健康.结论 自攻型微螺钉种植体支抗是一种简便、有效的支抗形式,可以满足正畸临床治疗的需要.     

自攻型微钛钉种植体增强磨牙支抗的临床应用研究

目的　介绍自攻型微钛钉种植体用于正畸支抗的临床经验 ,评价该型种植体作为强支抗的有效性。方法　在 6 7例采用自攻型微钛钉种植体作为支抗的临床病例中 ,选择 5例II类骨型、上牙弓前突或双牙弓前突患者 ,矫治设计上颌均为减数双侧第一前磨牙 ,支抗设计为磨牙强支抗。内收前牙阶段的治疗应用自攻型微钛钉支抗种植体 ,种植体植入上颌第一恒磨牙与第二前磨牙颊侧根尖部之间的牙槽间隔 ,以每侧 15 0～ 2 0 0g力滑动法内收前牙。比较内收前后头颅X线侧位片 ,测量前牙内收情况和磨牙支抗的变化。结果　 5例牙弓突度均得到明显改善 ,切牙切缘平均内收 6 4mm ,支抗磨牙平均前移 0 3mm ,均获得磨牙强支抗的效果。治疗过程中种植体均保持了稳定 ,种植体周围软组织健康。结论　自攻微型钛钉种植体能作为稳定的骨性正畸支抗 ,代替口外力的使用 ,起到磨牙强支抗的效能。该型种植体具有操作简单灵活 ,可即刻加力 ,不依赖患者合作的优点     

骨密度对正畸支抗稳定性影响的临床研究

目的：研究骨密度对正畸支抗稳定性的影响。方法：选择进行正畸治疗,需要拔除4颗第一前磨牙及弱支抗矫治的安氏Ⅰ类错牙合的健康男性患者212名,年龄18-25周岁,其中支抗失控患者16名,支抗稳定患者196名,通过双能X线骨密度仪测定每位患者4颗第二前磨牙根尖区周围0.5 cm2范围区域的骨密度,并运用统计学方法进行对比分析。结果：经单因素方差分析,两组患者第二前磨牙区域骨密度值具有显著性差异（P<0.05）。结论：骨密度可能是影响正畸支抗稳定性的因素,在正畸支抗设计时应列为参考指标之一。     

助攻型微种植体支抗在颊腭侧稳定性的比较研究

目的:通过比较上颌第二前磨牙与第一磨牙牙根之间颊、腭侧骨皮质的厚度,进而讨论颊、腭侧微种植体支抗的稳定性。方法:研究1:采用锥形束CT(cone bean computed tomography,CBCT)对20例18～40岁的成人颅颌面部进行扫描并三维重建,分别测量上颌第二前磨牙和第一磨牙牙根之间,牙槽嵴顶上方垂直距离6 mm处颊、腭侧骨皮质厚度,进行统计学分析。研究2:选择在上颌第二前磨牙与第一磨牙牙根之间植入助攻型微种植体支抗病例91例,共植入167枚微种植体,(其中植入颊侧64例117枚,植入腭侧27例50枚),比较不同部位微种植体植入后的稳定性。结果:研究1:20例成人上颌第二前磨牙与第一磨牙牙根之间腭侧牙槽嵴顶上方垂直距离6 mm处骨皮质厚度明显高于颊侧牙槽嵴顶上方垂直距离6 mm处骨皮质厚度,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究2:颊侧117枚微种植体,脱落8枚,成功率93.16%;腭侧50枚微种植体,脱落2枚,成功率98.96%。结论:上颌第二前磨牙与第一磨牙牙根之间牙槽嵴顶上方垂直距离6 mm处的腭侧骨皮质较颊侧厚;腭侧微种植体稳定性高于颊侧。骨皮质厚度与微种植体的稳定性呈正相关。     

利用种植体支抗远移下颌磨牙的效果评价

目的：研究安氏Ⅲ类错患者中,采用微型种植体作支抗,远移下颌磨牙的临床效果及其作用特点。方法：选择16例成人患者,将32枚微型种植体植于下颌第二前磨牙与第一磨牙之间颊侧牙槽骨内,Ni-Ti螺旋弹簧压缩后置于下颌第一前磨牙与下颌第一磨牙之间,推磨牙远移。通过测量下颌第一磨牙在近远中方向、垂直向的位置变化,以衡量磨牙的位置改变。并通过下颌中切牙的位置变化,评价支抗强弱。结果：下颌第一磨牙平均远中移动4.5mm,疗程5.4个月,平均移动速度0.8mm/月;磨牙长轴向远中倾斜角度为3.9°。下颌中切牙位置基本无改变。结论：所有下颌磨牙被远移到了恰当的位置。未见前牙支抗丧失。种植体作支抗推下颌磨牙远移的过程中,发挥了强支抗的作用。临床操作较方便,是一种值得推广的方法。     

微种植体支抗两种不同植入方法稳定性临床应用比较

目的：观察自攻型与助攻型微种植体支抗的临床成功率,比较两种不同植入方法的临床稳定性。方法：选择同一部位（上颌第二前磨牙和第一磨牙颊侧牙槽骨）植入微型种植体支抗病例165例,共324枚种植钉（其中自攻型微种植体33例64枚,助攻型微种植体132例260枚）,分别采用自攻型及助攻型微型种植钉,植入4周后使用正畸矫治力,力值控制在400g以内,比较自攻型与助攻型种植支抗的稳定性。结果：助攻型植入260枚,脱落16枚,植入成功率93.8%,自攻型植入64枚,脱落9枚,成功率85.9%,助攻型成功率高于自攻型（P〈0.05）。结论：助攻型微型种植体支抗植入方法临床成功率较高。     

安氏I类错[牙合]非常规拔牙模式的矫治体会

目的：观察安氏I类错[牙合]拔除上颌第一前磨牙，下颌第二前磨牙后对支抗的不同需求，以及对咬合关系的影响。方法：选择安氏I类错[牙合]需减数治疗病例25例，拔除上颌第一前磨牙，下颌第二前磨牙后，常规直丝弓矫治器矫治。结果：25例均获得正常覆耠覆盖，尖牙和磨牙中性关系，患者侧貌发生明显改变。结论：安氏I类错[牙合]非常规拔牙模式可消耗下颌支抗，保护上颌支抗，更好地维护了磨牙的中性关系，使疗程缩短。     

微种植钉高位植入内收压低前牙的疗效分析

目的探讨微型种植支抗高位植入上颌第二前磨牙与第一磨牙颊侧龈方内收压低前牙的临床疗效。方法选择10例上颌需强支抗的前突露龈笑正畸患者,植入微型种植体共20枚,植入1周后加载1.0¹.5 N力,观察种植体产生的牵引效果。结果所有病例矫治结束时均达到前牙有效内收压低,微笑露龈明显改善。结论正畸治疗中应用种植支抗高位植入牵引可有效内收压低前牙。     

助攻型和自攻型支抗种植体稳定性的比较研究

目的：研究支抗种植体在正畸治疗中的稳定性。方法：选取52例成年双颌前突患者,支抗种植体植人第二前磨牙和第一磨牙之间。每个患者分上下左右对称植入自攻型和助攻型种植体各2颗,总共4颗。共计208颗微螺钉支抗种植体,植入2周后加力,常规矫治,矫治中松动无法行使加力功能的支抗种植体给予拔除后重新植入新种植体,做好记录。矫治结束后分别统计自攻型和助攻型支抗种植体的脱落数和部位。结果：自攻型脱落5颗,助攻型脱落8颗,发生在上颌10颗,下颌3颗。结论：自攻型和助攻型支抗种植体脱落率无显著性差异,支抗种植体上颌比下颌易于脱落。     

种植体和微型种植体支抗在正畸与修复中的联合应用

目的：探讨种植体和微型种植体支抗在正畸与修复中的联合应用的可行性,并观察临床效果。方法：选择24例下颌磨牙缺失时冶牙伸长需要做种植的患者。缺牙区植入ITI种植体,常规种植治疗。同时在对猞伸长的磨牙的近中腭侧和远中颊侧各植入一枚微型种植体,用橡皮链挂在颊、腭侧的种植体上,以压低伸长的对日冶牙齿,定期更换并进行,陆床检查。结果：24例患者中,1枚微型种植钉松动脱落,余23例患者伸长牙平均压低2．4mm,平均压低时间为5．6个月,经种植修复后均获得满意的临床效果。结论：针对下颌磨牙缺失对骀牙伸长的病例,种植体和微型种植体支抗的联合应用,能达到最佳的修复效果。     

Differences between the chewing and non-chewing sides of the mandibular first molars and condyles in the closing phase during chewing in normal subjects

ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess differences between the closing paths of the chewing and non-chewing sides of mandibular first molars and condyles during natural mastication, using standardized model food in healthy subjects.DesignThirty-two healthy young adults (age: 19–25 years; 22 men, 10 women) with normal occlusion and function chewed on standardized gummy jelly. Using an optoelectric jaw-tracking system with six degrees of freedom, we recorded the path of the mandibular first molars and condyles on both sides for 10 strokes during unilateral chewing. Variables were compared between the chewing side and the non-chewing side of first molars and condyles on frontal, sagittal, and horizontal views during the early-, middle- and late-closing phases.ResultsOn superior/inferior displacements, the chewing side first molar and condyle were positioned superior to those on the non-chewing side during the early- and middle-closing phases. Conversely, the first molar and condyle on the non-chewing side were positioned significantly superior to those on the chewing side during the late-closing phase. On anterior/posterior displacements, the chewing side mandibular first molar and condyle were positioned significantly posterior to those on the non-chewing side throughout all closing phases.ConclusionOur results showed the differences between the mandibular first molars and condyles on both sides with respect to masticatory path during natural chewing of a model food. These differences can be useful for informing initial diagnostic tests for impaired masticatory function in the clinical environment.     

Influence of changing the chewing region on mandibular movement

Background:  In the shortened dental arch condition, little is known of how patients adapt their jaw function during mastication to the new oral environment. This study aimed to investigate the changes in mandibular movements when the chewing region was changed from the first molar to the first premolar.
Methods:  Thirty clinical residents with natural dentitions were recruited. The subjects were asked to chew a piece of beef jerky using either the first molar or the first premolar on the preferred chewing side. Three-dimensional trajectories of lower incisors and both condyles were analysed using a jaw movement tracking device with six degrees of freedom during the period between the onset and offset of electromyographic bursts from the masseter and anterior temporal muscles.
Results:  The closing angle of the lower incisors for first premolar chewing was narrower in comparison with that for first molar chewing (p < 0.05). The lengths of the condylar trajectories and the maximum velocities of the condylar movement for first premolar chewing were smaller and slower, respectively, in comparison with those for first molar chewing (both sides; p < 0.01).
Conclusions:  The mandibular movement during mastication might be changed to adapt the premolar chewing because of a loss of posterior occlusal supports.     

Effect of food size on the movement of the mandibular first molars and condyles during deliberate unilateral mastication in humans

To date, the effect of food size on the movement of the mandibular first molars and condyles during chewing has not been fully examined due to methodological problems. The purpose of the present study was to examine the previously unknown effect of food size on masticatory jaw movement. Using a face bow, light-emitting diodes, and optical cameras, we recorded, in 16 young adults with good occlusion, mandibular movement for the first 10 strokes during the unilateral chewing of similarly shaped hard gummy jellies weighing 5 g and 10 g, respectively. The chewing cycle time for the 10-g jelly was significantly longer than that for the 5-g jelly. The jaw-closing and -opening maximum velocities, gapes at the maximum velocities, and maximum gape were significantly faster and larger when 10-g gummy jellies were chewed, compared with results with 5-g jellies, at the mandibular first molar on the chewing side and the condyle on the non-chewing side. With the exception of the velocity, similar tendencies were observed at the molar on the non-chewing side. However, such significant differences were not detected at the condyle on the chewing side. The mandibular first molar on the chewing side was that most affected by food size, and the mean value of the maximum gape coincided approximately with the height of each jelly. These results suggest that humans chew hard coherent food such that the mandibular teeth that come into contact with the food open to a height equivalent to that of the food bolus, and that the changes in movement of the other parts of the mandible are minimized, ensuring efficient mastication.     

微型种植体下颌骨三维有限元模型的建立

目的探索一种可行的建立包含微型种植体不同植入方向及角度的下颌骨三维有限元模型的方法,为支抗种植体相关研究提供模型支持。方法本文基于CT数据,采用CAD（Pro/E）及ANSYS软件,用轮廓延伸法建立简化下颌骨模型,模拟临床实际常用植入部位,建立微型种植体不同植入方向及角度的下颌骨三维有限元模型。结果建立了5个真实螺纹形态的微型种植体植入的下颌骨有限元模型。结论本实验建立的有限元模型的几何相似性、生物力学相似性及临床适应性均达到实验要求,为支抗种植体三维有限元分析提供了一种准确、灵活、快速的平台。     

下颌颊棚区微螺钉解剖学植入区域位点锥形束CT测量分析

目的: 应用锥形束CT(CBCT)测量分析下颌颊棚区适合微螺钉解剖学植入的区域位点,为临床上安全植入微螺钉提供指导。方法: 收集2018年1月—2018年10月新疆喀什地区第一人民医院口腔科诊治的62例行正畸治疗患者的CBCT影像资料,对CBCT图像进行三维重建,分别测量在第一前磨牙和第二前磨牙间(A)、第二前磨牙和第一磨牙间(B)、第一磨牙和第二磨牙间(C)的牙槽嵴顶下方3 mm(D1)、6 mm(D2)、9 mm(D3)断层骨宽度。比较不同性别、左右两侧、不同位置骨宽度的差异。采用SPSS 22.0软件包对数据进行统计学分析。结果: 下颌颊棚区不同位置骨宽度在男、女之间,左右两侧之间均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。下颌颊棚区同一位置不同距离、同一距离不同位置骨宽度差异显著(P<0.05),第一磨牙和第二磨牙间距牙槽嵴顶9 mm处骨宽度最大,为(10.62±1.38)mm,第二前磨牙和第一磨牙间距牙槽嵴顶3 mm处骨宽度最小,为(2.65±0.38)mm。结论: 下颌颊棚区骨宽度在性别、左右两侧无显著差异,但下颌颊棚区不同解剖位点差异较大,自近中向远中有增加趋势。     

A clinical and histological evaluation of titanium mini-implants as anchors for orthodontic intrusion in the beagle dog.

The aim of this study was to determine the anchorage potential of the titanium mini-implant for orthodontic intrusion of the mandibular posterior teeth. Six mini-implants were surgically placed around the mandibular third premolars on each side in 3 adult male beagle dogs. On the buccal site, three mini-implants were placed distal to the apex of the distal root of the third premolar, at the interradicular septa of the third premolar, and mesial to the apex of the mesial root of the third premolar, as linearly as possible. The same procedure was performed at the lingual site on both sides of the mandibular third premolars in each dog. Bilateral interradicular mini-implants on both the buccal and the lingual sites were used as the anchorage for the intrusion of the third premolars (loaded implants) and the other mini-implants were used as control (unloaded) implants. In 6 weeks, an intrusive force (150 g) was applied between the interradicular implants on the buccal and the lingual sites by closed coil springs run across the crowns of the third premolars. After 12 to 18 weeks of orthodontic intrusion, the animals were killed and their mandibles were dissected and prepared for histologic and fluorescent observation. The results indicated that the mandibular third premolars intruded 4.5 mm, on average, after 12 to 18 weeks of orthodontic force application, with mild root resorption at the furcation area as well as the root apex. All the mini-implants remained stable during orthodontic tooth movement without any mobility or displacement. The morphometrical findings indicated that the calcification of the peri-implant bone on the loaded implants was equal to or slightly greater than those of the controls. In addition, 6 of the 36 mini-implants were removed after tooth movement, and all of them were easily removed with a screwdriver. These findings suggest that mini-implants are effective tools for the anchorage of orthodontic intrusion in beagle dogs.     

下颌矢状劈开截骨术相关下颌管空间定位的三维CT研究

目的：应用三维CT影像测量下颌管解剖位置与骨皮质和磨牙的关系,为避免下颌矢状劈开截骨术中损伤下齿槽神经血管提供指导。方法：选择50名正常成人下颌骨三维CT扫描图像,应用AW4．4图像处理软件分别在第二前磨牙,第一、第二磨牙正中,下颌磨牙后区处测量下颌管的解剖位置。结果：通过获得的CT数据研究中国人下颌神经管的解剖位置与骨皮质和磨牙的联系,在第二磨牙区域下颌管距离颊侧骨皮质最远（平均7．82mm,最小4．9mm）。结论：在第二磨牙区域下颌体最厚,对于下颌矢状劈开截骨术的颊侧垂直切口须在下颌第二磨牙区域,这个区域骨质最厚并且下颌管距离颊侧骨皮质最远。对于下颌矢状劈开截骨术颊侧垂直切口的安全深度是4．9mm。     

Complete denture occlusion considered from occlusal contacts during mastication

Few reports describe the functional superiority of full balanced occlusion to that of lingualized occlusion. Recently, a bilateral balanced scheme has been much more generally applied than a unilateral balanced scheme in lingualized occlusion as well as in full balanced occlusion. Occlusal contacts on the non-chewing side occur earlier than on the chewing side;in the order of second molar, first molar, and then premolars. The contact on the balancing side contributes to the prevention of denture dislocation and guidance from eccentric positions to the centric occlusal position during mastication. Therefore, bilateral balanced occlusion was shown to be effective for denture stability during mastication with complete dentures. Today's typical edentulous patients have greater mean age than in the past, and thus are seen with severe alveolar bone resorption, thin mucosa and sometimes abnormalities of the maxillomandibular relation. Their occlusal positions are often unstable and changeable after insertion of complete dentures. Because lingualized occlusion allows for easier accommodation and correction, lingualized occlusion is more suitable for such cases than full balanced occlusion, which requires a strict occlusal relationship. In light of the standard Japanese diet, there is some doubt about why lingualized occlusion might be suitable for Japanese edentulous patients in terms of the sense of mastication. A method of evaluating the sense of mastication needs to be established.     

两侧非对称性下颌牙槽嵴形态对全口义齿稳定性影响的初步探讨

目的：初步探讨下颌两侧非对称性牙槽嵴形态对全口义齿稳定性的影响.方法：利用激光三维扫描仪取得下颌无牙颌标准模型牙槽嵴表面形态数据,通过计算机辅助工程（CAE）软件形成下颌全口义齿,标准形态牙槽嵴黏膜,以及4种左右形态非对称的牙槽嵴黏膜三维有限元模型：首先建立标准牙槽嵴（S）,其次按下颌牙槽骨不同部位吸收至S的1/4高度为条件,分别形成右侧磨牙区吸收（Rm）,右侧后牙区吸收（Rpm）,右侧牙槽骨吸收（Rapm）及左侧前牙区和右侧牙槽骨吸收（LaRapm）的黏膜模型.在S条件下义齿左右两侧咬合面的双尖牙区P,第一磨牙区M1及第二磨牙区M2等6个部位分别设定位于牙槽嵴顶及其颊侧的2个加载位置,共计12个加载点,单侧垂直加载9.8N的力,利用三维有限元分析各条件下义齿最大综合位移.结果：M1加载时各牙槽嵴条件下的义齿最大位移较P和M2加载时的小.各部位加载时LaRapm条件下义齿最大综合位移都较其他牙槽嵴条件下的大.左侧M2加载时的Rapm较Rm和Rpm的大,P加载及右侧M2加载时的Rm、Rpm、Rapm相近,且都大于S.结论：在单侧加载条件下,下颌两侧非对称性牙槽嵴前牙区高度影响全口义齿稳定性.