aVR导联ST段抬高对阵发性室上性心动过速的鉴别价值

目的探讨aVR导联ST段抬高及其持续时间对阵发性室上性心动过速(PSVT)的鉴别价值。方法126例行射频消融治疗成功的PSVT患者,其中房室折返性心动过速(AVRT)65例,房室结折返性心动过速(AVNRT)61例。分析其aVR导联ST段抬高幅度及持续时间。结果65例AVRT中aVR导联ST抬高且持续时间≥0.08s有46例,61例AVNRT中有13例,诊断AVRT的敏感性、特异性及阳性预测值分别为70.8%,78.7%,78.0%;46例aVR导联ST段抬高的AVRT中左侧旁道占38例,诊断左侧旁道的敏感性、特异性及阳性预测值分别为79.2%,52.9%,82.6%。结论aVR导联ST段抬高及其持续时间有助于鉴别阵发性室上性心动过速,且其多发生于左侧旁道。     

A new criterion to differentiate atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia from atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia: Combined AVR criterion

Aim

A combined aVR criterion is described as the presence of a pseudo r′ wave in aVR during tachycardia in patients without r′ wave in aVR in sinus rhythm and/or a ≥50% increase in r′ wave amplitude compared to sinus rhythm in patients with r′ wave in the basal aVR lead. We aimed to investigate the use of combined aVR criterion in differential diagnosis of atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) and atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia (AVRT).

Differentiating atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia from tachycardia via concealed accessory pathway

Studies analyzing the diagnostic value of 12-lead electrocardiographic criteria differentiating slow-fast atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) from atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia (AVRT) due to concealed accessory pathway have shown inconsistent results. In 97 patients (50 with AVNRT, 47 with AVRT) 12-lead electrocardiograms (ECGs) were recorded during sinus rhythm and tachycardia (QRS <120 ms). The ECGs were blinded for diagnosis and patient and analyzed independently by 2 electrophysiologists. The studied criteria differentiating AVNRT from AVRT included pseudo-r'/S, the presence of a retrograde P wave, RP interval, ST-segment depression >/=2 mm with the number and location of the affected leads, QRS amplitude, and cycle length alternans.     

Electrocardiographic differentiation of typical atrioventricular node reentrant tachycardia from atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia mediated by concealed accessory pathway in children

The value of the electrocardiogram (ECG) in children with supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) is unclear. The noninvasive differentiation of typical atrioventricular node reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) and atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia (AVRT) mediated by concealed accessory pathway conduction is clinically important, as it helps in counseling and potentially facilitates ablation procedures. One hundred forty-eight ECGs showing narrow QRS complex SVT were obtained from children before successful radiofrequency catheter ablation. An initial 102 ECGs were analyzed by 3 blinded observers to assess the utility of various electrocardiographic findings. No electrocardiographic criteria were found to discriminate between SVT mechanisms on 1- to 3-channel Holter/event recorder tracings (n = 32); their interpretation mainly (55%) resulted in an incorrect SVT diagnosis. On 12-lead ECGs (n = 70), the 2 arrhythmias were accurately diagnosed in 76% of patients; 5 findings were found to be discriminators of tachycardia mechanism. Predictors of AVRT were visible P waves in 74% of cases (sensitivity 92%; specificity 64%), RP intervals of > or =100 ms in 91% (sensitivity 84%; specificity 91%), and ST-segment depression of > or =2 mm in 73% of cases (sensitivity 52%; specificity 82%). Pseudo r' waves in lead V(1) and pseudo S waves in the inferior leads during tachycardia predicted AVNRT in 100% of cases (sensitivity 55% and 20%, respectively; specificity 100% for both). Based on these results, we developed a new diagnostic 12-lead electrocardiographic algorithm for pseudo r'/S waves, RP duration, and ST-segment depression during tachycardia. Two observers tested the algorithm in 46 (21 AVNRT; 25 AVRT) additional cases; they correctly diagnosed the SVT mechanism in 91% and 87%, respectively. Thus, the stepwise use of diagnostically relevant 12-lead electrocardiographic parameters helps to more accurately differentiate mechanisms of reentrant SVT.     

aVL导联切迹对慢快型房室结折返性心动过速的诊断价值

目的探讨aVL导联切迹在慢快型房室结折返性心动过速(AVNRT)和顺传型房室折返性心动过速(AVRT)鉴别诊断中的作用。方法对138例经心内电生理检查及射频导管消融术治疗成功的阵发性窄QRS波心动过速患者12导联心电图进行分析,其中AVNRT 74例,AVRT 64例,比较传统指标与单独aVL导联切迹对AVNRT与AVRT鉴别价值。结果 aVL导联切迹在AVNRT出现29例(39.2%),在AVRT出现1例(P<0.01);下壁导联伪s波在AVNRT出现28例(37.8%),在AVRT出现1例(1.6%,P<0.01);V1导联伪r’波在AVNRT出现33例(44.6%),在AVRT出现3例(4.7%,P<0.01)。aVL导联切迹诊断AVNRT的敏感性为39.2%、特异性为98.4%;下壁导联伪s波诊断AVNRT的敏感性为37.8%、特异性为98.4%;V1导联伪r’波诊断AVNRT的敏感性为44.6%、特异性为95.3%,三种判断标准的敏感性、特异性差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论以aVL导联切迹为判断标准,对慢快型AVNRT的诊断特异性强,敏感性较高,可作为房室结折返性心动过速的诊断指标之一。     

ST-T改变在鉴别窄QRS波心动过速中的价值

为评价ST T改变在鉴别窄QRS波心动过速中的价值 ,用SPSS分析 12 4例窄QRS波心动过速患者体表 12导联心电图的ST T改变 ,其中房室折返性心动过速 (AVRT) 72例 ,房室结折返性心动过速 (AVNRT) 5 2例。结果 :AVRT组Ⅰ aVL导联ST段压低幅度 (0 .10± 0 .0 7mV)大于AVNRT组 (0 .0 6± 0 .0 6mV) ,P =0 .0 0 2 ;AVRT组V1导联T波幅度 (0 .14± 0 .19mV)大于AVNRT组 (0 .0 1± 0 .13mV) ,P <0 .0 0 1。鉴别窄QRS波心动过速的预测指标为QRS波终末改变 (R2 =0 .6 0 4 ,P <0 .0 0 1)、V1导联T波方向 (R2 =0 .2 4 9,P <0 .0 0 1)、V1导联T波幅度 (R2 =0 .180 ,P <0 .0 0 1)、Ⅰ aVL导联ST段压低 (R2 =0 .0 4 3,P <0 .0 0 1)。QRS波终末改变阳性预测AVNRT的特异性 98.6 % ,敏感性 75 .0 % ;V1导联T波正向预测AVRT的特异性 6 7.3% ,敏感性 81.9%。结论 :ST T改变有助于鉴别窄QRS波心动过速。QRS波终末改变是鉴别窄QRS波心动过速的较强预测指标 ;V1导联T波方向与幅度、Ⅰ aVL导联ST段压低是鉴别窄QRS波心动过速的较弱预测指标。     

阵发性室上性心动过速时ST－T改变的临床意义

回顾性分析经射频消融治疗的４１８例阵发性室上性心动过速（ＰＳＶＴ）发作时的体表１２导联心电图，以了解ＳＴ－Ｔ改变的临床意义。结果表明３０５例房室折返性心动过速（ＡＶＲＴ）中，ＳＴ段下移≥２ｍｍ且持续≥８０ｍｓ和（或）Ｔ波倒置者有１８１例（５９．３４％），明显高于房室结折返性心动过速（ＡＶＮＲＴ）患者（２８／１１３，２４．７８％）Ｐ＜０．００５。并且此差异不能被心率所矫正。此外左游离壁旁道患者ＳＴ段压低多分布在Ｖ３～Ｖ６导联，而右后和左后隔旁道患者倒置的Ｔ波和（或）ＳＴ段压低多发生于Ｉ、ＩＩ、ａＶＦ导联。提示ＰＳＶＴ时心电图上ＳＴ－Ｔ改变可作为区分ＡＶＲＴ和ＡＶＮＲＴ的一个有用指标，并且可能还有粗略的旁道定位价值     

Differentiation of Narrow QRS Complex Tachycardia Types Using the 12‐Lead Electrocardiogram

Background: Previous studies have shown that only 80% of narrow QRS supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) types can be differentiated by standard 12‐lead electrocardiographic (ECG) criteria. This study was designed to determine the value of some new ECG criteria in differentiating narrow QRS SVT. Methods and Results : 120 ECGs demonstrating paroxysmal narrow QRS complex tachycardia (QRS s 0.11 ms and rate > 120 beats/min) were analyzed. Forty atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia (AVRT), 70 atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT), and 10 atrial tachycardia defined with electrophysiologic study (EPS) consisted the study group. Eight surface ECG criteria were found to be significantly different between tachycardia types by univariate analysis. P waves separate from the QRS complex were observed more frequently in AVRT (70%) and atrial tachycardia (80%). Pseudo r’deflection in lead V¹, pseudo S wave in inferior leads, and cycle length alternans were more common in AVNRT (55, 20, and 6%, respectively). QRS alternans was also present during AVRT (28%). ST‐segment depression (≧ 2 mm) or T‐wave inversion, or both, were present more often in AVRT (60%) than in AVNRT (27%). During sinus rhythm, manifest preexcitation was observed more often in patients with AVRT (42%). When a P wave was present, RP/PR interval ratio > 1 was more common in atrial tachycardia (90%). By multivariate analysis, presence of a P wave separate from the QRS complex, pseudo r’deflection in lead V¹, QRS alternans, preexcitation during sinus rhythm, ST‐segment depression > 2 mm or T‐wave inversion, or both, were independent predictors of tachycardia type. Conclusions: Several new ECG criteria may be useful in differentiation of SVT types. Prediction of mechanism prior to EPS may provide additional benefits concerning the fluoroscopic exposure time and cardiac catheterization procedure. A.N.E. 2002;7(2):120–126     

体表心电图对阵发性窄QRS波心动过速鉴别诊断及定位的价值

目的:通过分析152例阵发性窄QRS波心动过速（NQRST）患者体表心电图（ECG）的6种指标,探讨ECG对NQRST鉴别诊断及定位的价值。方法:选取152例NQRST患者,其中94例为房室结折返性心动过速(AVNRT),42例为房室折返性心动过速（AVRT),16例为房性心动过速(AT)。上述患者电生理机制均经腔内电生理检查所证实,对比分析每位患者窦性心律及心动过速发作时体表心电图在心率、ST-T改变、QRS波电交替、R-P′/P′-R相似文献   

Distinction between atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia and atrioventricular node re-entrant tachycardia in the adult population based on P wave location; should we reconsider the value of some ECG criteria according to gender and age?

AIMS: Distinction between atrioventricular node re-entrant tachycardia (AVNRT) and atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia (AVRT) is sometimes difficult using location of retrograde P waves on ECG. METHODS: P wave location was retrospectively determined in 137 anterior slow-fast AVNRT (85%) and 26 orthodromic AVRT (15%) with narrow QRS occurring in 161 successive patients without pre-excitation. Mechanism of arrhythmia was assessed by electrophysiological study and confirmed by the efficacy of radiofrequency ablation. P waves were classified as invisible, visible after the QRS, or as R' in V(1) and/or S in II. Correlations with arrhythmia mechanism were made according to gender and age (>or= or <65 years old). RESULTS: Mechanism was related to gender but not to age, with a higher proportion of AVNRT in women (89/97, 91%) than in men (48/66, 72%) (P=0.001). AVRT presented with visible P waves in 26/26 cases (100%) while AVNRT presented with invisible P waves in 36/137 (27%), R'V(1)/SII in 79/137 (57%) and visible P waves in 22/137 (16%). P wave location during AVNRT was related to age but not to gender, with a higher proportion of AVNRT with visible P waves in elderly than in younger patients: 8/27 (29%) vs 14/110 (12%) (P=0.03). Visible P wave during AVNRT was mainly caused by a delay in nodal retrograde conduction in 17/22 patients (77%). Mechanism of tachycardia with visible P waves was related to gender (AVNRT in 14/22 women (64%), AVRT in 18/26 men (70%), P =0.02) and to age, although non-significantly (AVNRT in 8/13 (62%) old vs 14/35 (40%) young patients, P=0.18). A visible P wave was predictive of AVNRT in 25% and in 60% of the men and women younger than 65 years old, and in 50% and in 71% of older men and women respectively (P=0.08 - borderline significance). CONCLUSIONS: Correct distinction between anterior slow-fast AVNRT and orthodromic AVRT can be reliably made regardless of gender or age in case of R'V(1)/SII or invisible P wave. AVRT as the expected mechanism should be reconsidered in the case of visible P waves in the elderly and in the female gender in the absence of pre-excitation.     

aVR导联与阵发性室上性心动过速相关性研究

目的研究aVR导联中ST段抬高对阵发性室上性心动过速(PSVT)的诊断价值。方法分析PSVT发作时在aVR导联中ST段抬高情况,同时结合心电生理检查结果对其进行对比分析。结果 259例PSVT者按折返部位不同分为两组:①A组:房室折返性心动过速者158例,占61.00%;②B组:房室结折返性心动过速者101例,占39.00%。A组中PSVT发作时aVR导联ST段抬高者59例,占37.34%;B组中PSVT发作时aVR导联ST段抬高者79例,占78.22%。B组显著高于A组。A组中有左侧旁道参与的PVST者有75例(A1组),其中PSVT发作时aVR导联ST段抬高者64例,占85.33%。结论 aVR导联ST段抬高对有旁道参与的PVST有诊断价值,特别是左侧旁道参与者有十分明显的鉴别诊断意义。     

Differentiating atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia from atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia by DeltaHA values during entrainment from the ventricle

BACKGROUND: Differentiating atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) from orthodromic atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia (AVRT) can be difficult. The His bundle and atria are activated sequentially over the AV node during entrainment of AVNRT from the ventricle but simultaneously during supraventricular tachycardia (SVT). They are activated in parallel during entrainment of AVRT but sequentially during SVT. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that a DeltaHA (HA((entrainment)) - HA((SVT))) cutoff value of 0 reliably differentiates AVNRT from AVRT. METHODS AND RESULTS: Of 61 patients undergoing electrophysiologic evaluation for paroxysmal SVT, retrograde His-bundle potentials were recorded in 57 (93%) and entrainment performed in 49 (34 AVNRT, 15 AVRT). DeltaHA values during entrainment from the ventricle were significantly longer during AVNRT than AVRT (31 +/- 24 ms vs -38 +/- 31 ms, P <.001). All DeltaHA values were positive (minimum: 3 ms) for AVNRT and negative (maximum: -2 ms) for AVRT. DeltaHA of 0 had sensitivity, specificity. and positive predictive value of 100% for correct diagnosis. CONCLUSION: The DeltaHA criterion during entrainment of tachycardia from the ventricle reliably differentiates AVNRT (positive values) from AVRT (negative values).     

食管心房调搏诊断室上性心动过速的临床研究

为探讨食管心房调搏揭示室上性心动过速发生机制的价值和局限性,回顾性分析成功射频导管消融的１３８例隐匿性单房室旁道参与的顺向型房室折返性心动过速和１００例单一类型房室结折返性心动过速的食管心房调搏结果。结果显示：前１３８例中,３例前间隔旁道引起者食管心房调搏均诊断为房室结折返性心动过速余为左右侧其它部位的旁道,诊断正确。后１００例中,５例为慢－慢型,２例为快－慢型,食管心房调搏均诊断为房室折返性心动     

Influence of age and gender on the mechanism of supraventricular tachycardia.

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to determine the impact of age and gender on the mechanism of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT). BACKGROUND: Previous studies have indicated that PSVT mechanism may be influenced by age and gender, but contemporary data are limited. METHODS: In 1,754 patients undergoing catheter ablation of 1,856 PSVTs between 1991 and 2003, the mechanism was classified as atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia (AVRT), atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT), or atrial tachycardia (AT). Patients with inappropriate sinus tachycardia, atrial flutter, atrial fibrillation, and age <5 years were excluded. RESULTS: The mean age was 45 +/- 19 years (range 5-96), and the majority were women (62%). Overall, AVNRT was the predominant mechanism (n = 1,042 [56%]), followed by AVRT (n = 500 [27%]) and AT (n = 315 [17%]). There was a strong relationship between age and PSVT mechanism; the proportion of AVRT in both sexes decreased with age, whereas AVNRT and AT increased (PM < .001 by ANOVA). The majority of patients with AVRT were men (273/500 [54.6%]), whereas the majority of patients with AVNRT and AT were women (727/1,042 [70%] and 195/315 [62%], respectively). The distribution of PSVT mechanism was significantly influenced by gender (P < .001). In women, 63% had AVNRT, 20% had AVRT, and 17.0% had AT. In men, 45% had AVNRT, 39% had AVRT, and 17% had AT. AVNRT replaced AVRT as the dominant PSVT mechanism at age 40 in men and at age 10 in women. CONCLUSIONS: The mechanism of PSVT in patients presenting for ablation is significantly influenced by both age and gender.     

Suppressive effect of SUN1165 on supraventricular tachycardia

The electrophysiologic properties of SUN1165 and its suppressive effect on supraventricular tachycardia were assessed in 14 patients, nine with atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia (AVRT) and five with atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT). This new agent prolonged the PR interval and QRS duration but did not alter the QT interval or the corrected QT interval. It did not alter the sinus cycle length or sinus node recovery time. The drug prolonged the AH interval, HV interval, and intraatrial conduction time but did not change the effective refractory periods of the right atrium or right ventricle. SUN1165 prevented the induction of tachycardia in six of nine patients with AVRT by a complete retrograde block of the accessory pathway and prevented AVNRT in four of five patients by a complete retrograde block of the fast atrioventricular nodal pathway as well. We conclude that SUN1165 is very effective in preventing AVRT or AVNRT. Larger studies with more patients are warranted.     

QRS Complex Voltage Changes Associated with Supraventricular Tachycardia

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in ventricular complex voltage associated with narrow QRS supraventricular tachycardia (SVT). METHODS AND RESULTS: One hundred forty-five patients undergoing catheter ablation for SVT, 85 with AV nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) and 60 with AV reentrant tachycardia (AVRT) due to a concealed accessory pathway, were studied. Four consecutive tachycardia beats and four consecutive sinus beats were analyzed, excluding the last tachycardia complex and the first sinus one. For each of the 12 leads, the QRS complex voltage was measured, and the results of four beats were averaged both in SVT and in sinus rhythm (SR). The sum (sigma) of the QRS voltages measured in the 12 leads during SVT (sigmaSVT) and SR (sigmaSR) were calculated, as well as the QRS axis during SVT and SR. QRS complex voltage was significantly increased during SVT, with respect to SR, in leads II, III, aVR, aVF, and V2 to V6. In addition, sigmaSVT was significantly greater than sigmaSR. Only lead V1 showed a significant voltage decrease during SVT. These voltage changes were almost identical in patients with AVNRT and patients with AVRT. No relationship was found between tachycardia rate and QRS voltage variation. The QRS axis showed a significant shift during SVT, from 55.8 degrees to 64.5 degrees. CONCLUSION: QRS voltage increase occurs in reentrant SVT, independent of the underlying reentrant circuit. The phenomenon likely depends on tachycardia-related reduced ventricular filling. This could result in displacement of the heart in such a way that the left ventricle becomes closer to the precordial electrodes (proximity effect). Alternatively, decreased intracavitary blood mass could diminish the intracardiac short-circuiting of potentials, resulting in augmented transmission of cardiac vectors to the body surface.     

射频消融治疗快速心律失常244例临床分析

目的总结射频消融治疗快速心律失常的经验。方法回顾性分析244例经导管射频消融治疗快速心律失常患者的治疗结果。其中男性112例,女性132例,年龄12～83(46±16)岁。心动过速发作史1d至48年,平均(10±8)年。采用常规方法行电生理检查及射频消融。结果房室结折返性心动过速114例,房室折返性心动过速117例,房室结折返合并房室折返性心动过速4例,房速5例,房扑3例,房室结折返性心动过速合并房速1例。射频消融总成功率96.7%,复发率4.1%。术后I度房室传导阻滞2例,Ⅲ度传导阻滞1例,气胸3例。结论射频消融成功率高,并发症少,是治疗快速心律失常安全有效的方法。     

Para-Hisian entrainment: a novel pacing maneuver to differentiate orthodromic atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia from atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia

INTRODUCTION: Para-Hisian pacing during sinus rhythm can help to identify the presence of an accessory pathway (AP). In this maneuver, the retrograde activation time and pattern are compared during capture and loss-of-capture of the His bundle while pacing from a para-Hisian position. However, identification of a retrograde AP does not necessitate that it is operative during the tachycardia of interest; conversely, slowly conducting or "distant" bypass tracts may not be identified. We evaluated the utility of entrainment or resetting of tachycardias from the para-Hisian position to help distinguish atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) from orthodromic atrioventricular tachycardia (AVRT). METHODS AND RESULTS: Para-Hisian entrainment/resetting was evaluated in 50 patients: 33 with AVNRT and 17 with AVRT. The maneuvers were performed using a standard quadripolar catheter placed at the His position: low output for right ventricular (RV) capture and high output for both RV and His capture. The retrograde atrial activation sequence, SA interval (interval from stimulus to earliest retrograde atrial activation), and "local" VA interval (interval between the ventricular and atrial electrograms at the site of earliest retrograde atrial activation) were compared between His and His/RV capture. The DeltaSA was > 40 ms in patients with AVNRT and was < 40 ms in all but one patient with AVRT. In concert with the DeltaSA interval, the DeltaVA interval was able to fully define the mechanism of the tachycardia in all patients studied. CONCLUSION: Para-Hisian entrainment/resetting can determine the course of retrograde conduction operative during narrow complex tachycardias. It is a useful diagnostic maneuver in differentiating AVNRT and orthodromic AVRT.     

A case of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome presenting spontaneous mutual frequent transition between atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia and atrioventricular nodal re-entrant tachycardia

Atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia (AVRT) and atrioventricular nodal re-entrant tachycardia (AVNRT) can coexist and present unidirectional transition (from AVRT to AVNRT, or from AVNRT to AVRT) in a single patient. Actually, such cases have already been reported previously. However, a case with spontaneous bidirectional transition of both tachycardias during supraventricular tachycardia has never been reported. This article describes a case with spontaneous, mutual, and frequent transition between AVRT and AVNRT.     

希氏束旁起搏鉴别间隔部隐匿性AVRT与AVNRT的临床价值

目的：探讨希氏束旁起搏鉴别间隔部隐匿性房室旁道与慢一快型房室结折返性心动过速（AVNRT）的临床价值。方法：采用希氏束逆传不应期心室早搏刺激法将61例患者分别诊断为37例慢一快AVNRT和24例间隔部房室折返性心动过速（AVRT）；再对61例患者采用希氏束旁起搏方法进一步检测。结果：采用希氏束旁起搏法检测37例AVNRT患者中有6例未检测成功，其余31例均为逆传房室结图形；24例AVRT患者中4例未检测成功，15例呈逆传旁道／旁道图形，5例呈非逆传旁道／旁道图形。如以逆传旁道／旁道图形为标准，鉴别间隔快旁路引起的AVRT与慢一快型房室结折返性心动过速，敏感性75％，特异性可达1009／6。结论：希氏束旁刺激法对鉴别诊断AVRT与AVNRT有较高的特异性。