R-苯异丙基腺苷预适应抗缺血性室性心律失常的第二保护窗口

目的观察腺苷A1受体激动剂R-苯异丙基腺苷(R-PIA)预治疗大鼠后24小时,是否具有抗缺血性室性心律失常作用.方法雄性Wistar大鼠80只,随机分为5组①生理盐水组(0.2 ml/只,皮下注射);②R-PIA组(0.03 mg/kg,皮下注射);③R-PIA(0.03 mg/kg,皮下注射)+1,3-二丙基-8-环戊基黄嘌啉(DPCPX,0.2 mg/kg,皮下注射)组;④R-PIA(0.03 mg/kg,皮下注射)+N-硝基-L-精氨酸(L-NNA,5 mg/kg,腹腔内注射)组;⑤R-PIA(0.03 mg/kg,皮下注射)+格列苯脲(Gli,0.3 mg/kg,静脉注射,于缺血前20 min)组.动物给药后24小时,开胸,结扎左冠状动脉前降支建立心肌缺血再灌注模型.应用Cardio2心功能软件连续监测和分析左心室压力变化曲线、心律和心率变化,结合心电图分析缺血30 min内室性心动过速(室速)和心室颤动(室颤)的发生率、开始时间、持续时间.结果①单因素方差分析(ANOVA)结果显示,缺血前各组大鼠心律、心率和心脏功能组间比较无显著性差异(P＞0.05);②R-PIA组心肌缺血30     

低高密度脂蛋白胆固醇血症对缺血性脑卒中患者一年预后的影响

目的分析低HDL-C与急性缺血性脑卒中患者1年预后的关系。方法以前瞻性、多中心的中国国家卒中登记研究数据库中符合标准的住院患者8876例为研究对象,男性5555例,女性3321例。将HDL-C<0.9mmol/L的1440例患者作为低HDL-C,HDL-C≥0.9mmol/L的7436例患者作为正常HDL-C。采用多变量logistic回归模型分析低水平HDL-C对缺血性脑卒中患者1年预后的影响。结果 8867例患者中低HDL-C发生率16.2%。低HDL-C与正常HDL-C患者基线血压、LDL-C和TG水平比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。男性低HDL-C患者1年预后不良发生率明显高于正常HDL-C患者(27.9%vs 24.1%,P<0.05)。低HDL-C是男性脑卒中1年预后不良的独立危险因素(OR=1.289,95%CI:1.068¹.555,P=0.008)。基线LDL-C<2.59mmol/L患者中,低HDL-C水平仍是男性脑卒中患者1年预后不良的独立危险因素(OR=1.528,95%CI:1.1621.555,P=0.008)。基线LDL-C<2.59mmol/L患者中,低HDL-C水平仍是男性脑卒中患者1年预后不良的独立危险因素(OR=1.528,95%CI:1.162².010,P=0.002)。结论低HDL-C是男性缺血性脑卒中患者发病1年预后不良的独立危险因素,并且独立于基线LDL-C水平。LDL-C水平越低,升高HDL-C的临床获益越大。     

The effect of micronised fenofibrate on paraoxonase activity in patients with coronary heart disease

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of micronised fenofibrate on serum paraoxonase (PON) and lipoprotein levels in coronary heart disease patients with type IIb hyperlipidemia. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fifty-two patients were investigated for the three-month effect of 200 mg per day micronised fenofibrate on the serum enzyme activity and concentration of PON and their relationship with serum lipids, high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) parameters. RESULTS: Serum paraoxonase activity was lower in CHD patients with type IIb hyperlipoproteinemia. During the three-month study it was observed that following treatment with micronised fenofibrate, serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels decreased, while HDL-C increased significantly (p<0.001). Low-density lipoprotein (p<0.05) and apolipoprotein B-100 (p<0.01) decreased, while HDL constituent apolipoprotein A-I (p<0.05) increased after micronised fenofibrate treatment. The HDL-associated paraoxonase specific activity increased significantly (p<0.05). To assess whether the increased PON activity was due to elevated HDL and apoA-I level, we standardized PON activity for HDL and apoA-I concentrations. The standardized values for HDL (PON/HDL) increased (p<0.05) while the PON/apoA-I ratio did not change significantly. CONCLUSION: Three months of treatment with micronised fenofibrate is thought to normalize lipid profile and improve antioxidant status by increasing serum paraoxonase activity in these patients.     

溶栓治疗对急性心肌梗死患者运动耐量的影响

目的 :探讨溶栓治疗对急性心肌梗死 (AMI)患者急性期和远期运动耐量的影响。方法 :将 143例 AMI患者分为溶栓再通组 (35例 )、未通组 (2 3例 )和非溶栓组 (85例 ) ,比较三组急性期和远期运动耐量。结果 :急性期 ,再通组的运动量、运动时间、最大心率、心率血压乘积均明显高于未通组和非溶栓组 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,运动诱发的心绞痛或血压下降≥ 10 m m Hg(1m m Hg=0 .133k Pa)的比率明显低于后两者 (P <0 .0 5 )。远期随访 ,三组的运动量、最大心率、运动时间、心率血压乘积及运动诱发心绞痛或血压下降的比率均无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论 :溶栓再通能显著提高 AMI患者急性期运动耐量 ,但对远期运动耐量改善不明显     

气体代谢运动试验指导心力衰竭病人康复治疗的效果

目的:探讨气体代谢运动试验对心衰病人康复治疗的指导价值。方法:选择纽约心脏病协会(NYHA)心功能Ⅱ～Ⅲ级病人77例进行气体代谢运动试验(气体代谢试验组),根据气体代谢运动试验结果制定康复方案,半年后复查,与既往进行常规康复治疗的NYHA心功能Ⅱ～Ⅲ级病人(常规康复组,65例)的疗效进行比较,比较两组病人心功能分级、运动时最大摄氧量(V.O2max),6min步行距离等参数。结果:与常规康复组比较,气体代谢试验组病人康复治疗半年后心功能分级无显著差异,而运动时V.O2max[(22.3±7.5)ml.kg-1.min-1比(26.5±5.9)ml.kg-1.min-1],6min步行距离[(315.2±25.5)m比(396.7±20.6)m]明显增加(P均<0.05)。结论:基于气体代谢运动试验结果制订的康复方案可以改善心衰病人运动功能,最大摄氧量,6min步行距离。     

氨氯地平对稳定型劳力性心绞痛的疗效观察

目的 :观察氨氯地平与传统药物相结合对稳定型劳力性心绞痛患者的疗效及耐受性。方法 :在 1周的时间内经 2次运动试验 ,结果为阳性且运动持续时间变异低于 10 %的 5 4例稳定型劳力性心绞痛患者入选 ,每天给予单一的 β 受体阻滞剂或长效硝酸酯类治疗的同时给予氨氯地平 5mg ,每日 1次 ,连用 8周。 结果 :治疗后与治疗前相比 ,运动耐量和总工作量显著提高 (P <0 .0 1) ,至心绞痛发作时间及ST段下降 1mm的时间均明显延长 (P <0 .0 1) ,其中有 18例患者 (33.34% )试验后不再有ST段下降 1mm ,而对心率 血压乘积的影响差异无显著性意义 (P >0 .0 5 )。氨氯地平应用 8周后 ,患者心绞痛发作次数显著减少且硝酸甘油消耗量明显降低。治疗 8周内 ,出现不良反应 5例 (9.2 5 % ) ,但症状轻 ,无需停药。治疗前后血生化及肝肾功能无改变。结论 :氨氯地平 5mg每天 1次与其他药物联合应用对稳定型劳力性心绞痛患者能增加运动耐量 ,且安全有效 ,患者易于耐受     

曲美他嗪对稳定性劳力型心绞痛的疗效观察

目的 试验目的为评价曲美他嗪（ＴＭＺ）与传统药物相结合对稳定性劳力型心绞痛患抗心绞痛的疗效及耐受性。方法 在１周的时间内经２次运动试验。结果为阳性且运动持续时间变异低于１０％的１３８例稳定性劳力型心绞痛患入选试验。给予ＴＭＺ２０ｍｇ,每天３次联合单一的β阻滞剂、钙通道阻滞剂或长效的硝酸脂类治疗１２周。１３１例患完成试验。行统计学分析。结果 与试验前相比、运动耐量和总工作量显提高（Ｐ〈０．０     

The effect of fenofibrate on serum paraoxonase activity and inflammatory markers in patients with combined hyperlipidemia

BACKGROUND: Lipid lowering therapy with statins is beneficial because of improvement in lipoprotein concentrations and additional pleiotropic effects. However, less is known about the pleotropic effect of fibrates. AIM: To investigate the effects of fenofibrate therapy on inflammatory markers and serum paraoxonase activity in patients with combined hyperlipidemia in addition to their lipid lowering effects. METHODS: Fifty patients (18 women, 32 men, mean age 50+/-8.7 years) with a history of combined hyperlipidemia and coronary artery disease were enrolled into the study. Serum lipids, inflammatory markers (high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and fibrinogen levels) and paraoxonase levels were determined before and after two months of 250 mg per day of fenofibrate treatment. RESULTS: Fenofibrate decreased plasma fibrinogen level by 41% (from 3.9+/-0.9 mg/dl to 2.3+/-0.48 mg/dl, p<0.0001) and hs-CRP level by 71% (from 1.28 mg/dl to 0.36 mg/dl; p<0.0001). Changes in hs-CRP levels were not correlated with the changes in lipid levels. Compared with baseline, serum paraoxonase level was significantly increased after fenofibrate treatment (from 200+/-77U/L to 232+/-82U/L; p<0.001). We found a significant correlation between changes in HDL cholesterol and paraoxonase activity after two months of treatment (r=0.46, p=0.018). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that beyond improving lipids and lipoprotein levels, fenofibrate treatment increases paraoxonase activity and decreases inflammatory markers in patients with combined hyperlipidemia.     

运动疗法对冠心病患者介入治疗后运动能力的影响

目的：观察运动疗法对冠心病经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）后患者运动能力的影响。方法：确诊为冠心病并成功进行首次PCI的患者86例，被随机分为运动疗法组（41例）和对照组（45例），两组患者除进行PCI治疗外，均采用常规疗法。运动疗法组于PCI术后开始进行不同阶段、不同运动强度的运动康复训练。分别于PCI术后第10d、3个月后，行心电图活动平板运动试验。观察运动疗法对冠心病患者PCI治疗后运动能力的影响。结果：经运动疗法治疗3个月后，运动疗法组患者的总运动时间，最大运动负荷量，最大代谢当量均有显著提高（P〈O．05～〈O．01），而对照组则无明显变化。结论：运动疗法有助于冠心病介入治疗后患者体能的提高。     

6分钟步行在慢性心力衰竭患者康复治疗中的价值(英文)

目的:探讨6分钟步行在慢性心衰(CHF)患者康复治疗中的价值。方法:选择我院老年科78例CHF患者,随机分成6min步行试验(6MWT)组(在常规治疗的基础上进行6分钟步行训练,2次/d)和常规治疗组,每组39人。6周后,比较两组治疗前后6min步行距离(6MWD)、心率及左室射血分数(LVEF)。结果:6周后,两组相关指标均有所改善(P均<0.05);与常规治疗组比较,6MWT组6MWD[(307.6±39.3)m比(503.4±44.4)m]、LVEF[(45.3±17.9)%比(58.7±9.2)%]显著增加,6MWT后恢复期心率[(73.3±2.9)次/min比(65.7±2.1)次/min]显著降低(P均<0.05)。结论:6分钟步行可以显著改善患者心力衰竭症状,增强运动耐力,对患者恢复心功能有重要价值。     

冠心病患者对氧磷酯酶1活性与氧化型低密度脂蛋白的关系

目的　探讨冠心病患者血清对氧磷酯酶 1(PON1)活性变化与氧化型低密度脂蛋白 (oxLDL)水平的关系。方法用分光光度法测定 99例冠心病患者 [稳定性心绞痛 (SAP) 35例 ,不稳定性心绞痛 (UAP) 30例 ,急性心肌梗死 (AMI)34例 ]和 4 2例健康体检者 (对照组 )血清PON1活性 ,用酶联免疫吸附法测定血浆oxLDL水平。同时用直线相关分析法分析PON1活性和oxLDL水平的相关性。结果　冠心病组血清PON1活性与对照组比较显著下降 ,而血浆oxLDL水平与对照组比较显著增加。冠心病组中的SAP、UAP和AMI患者 ,血清PON1活性依次下降 ,而oxLDL浓度依次升高。PON1活性与oxLDL呈显著负相关。结论　冠心病患者存在的PON1活性降低 ,导致抗氧化能力的减弱 ,使血浆oxLDL水平增加 ,这种改变可能与冠心病的发生和发展有关。     

Pyramidal lobe decreases endogenous TSH stimulation without impact on radio-iodine therapy outcome in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer

Objectives

The aim of the study was to assess the frequency of pyramidal lobe (PL) detected in iodine-131 (I-131) scans of thyroid bed in patients after thyroidectomy for differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) and to investigate influence of PL on endogenous thyrotropin (TSH) stimulation as well as on the effects of the radio-iodine ablation in one-year follow-up.

Patients and methods

This study was designed as a retrospective analysis of 302 radio-iodine neck scans of patients thyroidectomized due to DTC. The study population was selected from patients with PL detected in thyroid bed scintigraphy. Patients without PL were included to the control group. The study and the control groups did not differ in age, sex of patients, histological type and stage of the DTC.

Results

Pyramidal lobes were found in 30.5% of all patients. Patients in the study group underwent repeat surgery more often than controls without PL. Preablative TSH level in patients with PL was statistically lower than in the control group, in contrast to free thyroid hormones, which were higher in patients with PL. Preablative and postablative TSH-stimulated thyroglobulin (Tg) and antibodies against thyroglobulin (TgAbs) were measured in both groups, and comparison did not reveal differences. Moreover, for the per-patient analysis, sites of uptake in whole body scintigraphy performed 1 year after radio-iodine remnant ablation (RRA) did not differ between the study and the control groups.

Conclusion

Pyramidal lobe decreases endogenous TSH stimulation without impact on radio-iodine therapy outcome in patients with DTC.     

Effects of fenofibrate therapy on circulating adipocytokines in patients with primary hypertriglyceridemia

BackgroundWe investigated effects of fenofibrate therapy on endothelial dysfunction and adipocytokine profiles.MethodsA randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study was conducted in 53 patients with primary hypertriglyceridemia. We administered placebo or fenofibrate 160 mg daily for 8 weeks.ResultsWhen compared with placebo, fenofibrate therapy substantially lowered plasma levels of TNF-α by 6 ± 3% (P = 0.014) and hsCRP from 1.10 to 0.90 mg/l (P = 0.004). When compared with placebo, fenofibrate therapy increased plasma levels of adiponectin by 17 ± 4% (P = 0.001), insulin sensitivity by 4 ± 1% (as assessed by QUICKI, P = 0.009), and decreased plasma levels of leptin and resistin by 4 ± 7% (P = 0.022) and 10 ± 3% (P = 0.001), respectively. There were correlations between percent changes in QUICKI and percent changes in adiponectin levels (r = 0.279, P = 0.043) or leptin (r = ?0.280, P = 0.042).ConclusionsFenofibrate therapy significantly reduced pro-inflammatory biomarkers and improved adipocytokines levels and insulin sensitivity in hypertriglyceridemic patients.     

Effect of cardiac resynchronization therapy on cardiotrophin-1 circulating levels in patients with heart failure

Cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1) is a member of the interleukin (IL-6) family of cytokines. Plasma CT-1 levels correlate with the left ventricle mass index in patients with dilatated cardiomyopathy and congestive heart failure (CHF). The aim of this paper was to evaluate CT-1 plasma levels, before and after cardiac resynchronization therapy CRT, and to characterizeits prognostic role in patients with CHF. Fifty-two consecutive patients (M/F = 39/13; 56 ± 11 years old) underwent clinical and echocardiographic evaluation, and blood sample collection at baseline. The same evaluation was repeated 6.4 ± 0.79 months after CRT. Patients with a decreased LV end-systolic volume by at least 15% (reverse remodeling) were considered echo responders to CRT. Twenty-nine patients (56%) were responders to CRT. After CRT, only 15 patients (29%) showed increased CT-1 after CRT. They were all non responders to CRT. A multivariate, logistic modelshowed CT-1 as an independent predictor of CRT echo response (p = 0.005; OR 0.97). During follow-up (18 ± 7 months), 21 cardiac events in 18 patients occurred. A Cox multivariable model showed plasma BNP pre-CRT (p = 0.02; CI 1.2–5.6; OR 3.1) and CT1 post-CRT (p = 0.01; CI 1.4–4.3; OR 2.7) as independent predictors of cardiac events. Analysis of CT-1 plasma levels deserves future consideration for larger, longitudinal studies in patients with CHF.     

Effect of simvastatin therapy on paraoxonase activity and related lipoproteins in familial hypercholesterolemic patients

Human paraoxonase (PON1) is a calcium-dependent esterase closely associated with high density lipoprotein (HDL)-containing apolipoprotein AI (apoAI), which has been shown to confer antioxidant properties to HDL. PON1 has been recently implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Low PON1 activities have been found in familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) and diabetes mellitus. We have undertaken a study of the effect of the lipid-lowering drug simvastatin on serum PON1 activity (in relation to paraoxon and arylesterase activity), on apoAI-containing and apolipoprotein B (apoB)-containing lipoproteins, and on lipid peroxide concentrations in 64 (39 women and 25 men) unrelated FH patients. We have also analyzed the influence of the PON1-192 and PON1-55 genetic polymorphisms on the response of PON1 activity to simvastatin therapy. A venous blood sample for a baseline analysis and another after 4 months of simvastatin therapy at a dosage of 20 mg per day were taken. The major effect of simvastatin on lipid traits was to decrease serum cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and lipid peroxide concentrations by 19.9%, 26.3%, and 37.3%, respectively. There was also a significant decrease in serum apoB, LDL apoB, and triglyceride concentrations (20.5%, 21.1%, and 15.6%, respectively). Conversely, simvastatin had no significant influence on very low density lipoprotein-lipid content, HDL cholesterol, apoAI concentrations, and lipoprotein AI and AI:AII particles. Remarkably, serum PON1 activity toward paraoxon significantly increased during treatment with simvastatin (168. 7+/-100.3 U/L before therapy versus 189.5+/-116.5 U/L after therapy, P:=0.005). Arylesterase activity displayed only a nonsignificant trend to increase after therapy. Whereas PON1 activity levels were significantly lower in FH patients before simvastatin therapy compared with those of 124 normolipidemic subjects (168.7+/-100.3 versus 207.6+/-125.2 U/L, respectively; P:<0.05), this difference disappeared after simvastatin therapy. After simvastatin therapy, a significantly negative correlation between PON1 activity and lipid peroxide concentration was observed (r=-0.35, P:=0.028). The latter also strongly correlated with LDL cholesterol concentration (r=0.64, P:<0.001). Serum PON1 activity levels were significantly lower in the low-activity PON1-192 QQ and PON1-55 M carriers than in R carriers and in LL carriers, respectively. No significant differences were found in the therapeutic response of PON1 activity between genotype groups (8.5% and 11.1% increase for QQ homozygous and R-carrier FH patients, respectively, and 12.7% and 9.5% increase for LL homozygotes and M carriers, respectively). We conclude that simvastatin may have important antioxidant properties through increasing serum PON1 activity, perhaps as a consequence of reducing oxidative stress, by a mechanism independent of apoAI-containing lipoprotein concentration and without the influence of PON1-192 and PON1-55 genetic polymorphisms. Further studies are clearly warranted to clarify the precise mechanism by which simvastatin therapy is associated with increased PON1 activity.     

运动疗法在2型糖尿病治疗中的作用

目的探讨运动疗法在2型糖尿病治疗中的作用。方法对30例中年2型糖尿病患者在饮食和口服降糖药物治疗的基础上采用运动疗法。具体方法为3次／d快步行走，运动量=总摄入热量-日常生活消耗量 1737．5kJ，以最大心率(Hrmax)的60％作为靶心率，治疗前后检测各项相关指标变化。结果运动治疗2周后，30例患者的血糖、体重指数(BMI)、果糖胺及甘油三酯均明显下降，且无并发症发生。结论运动疗法可降低中年2型糖尿病患者的血糖，改善血脂代谢，方法安全可行。     

微粒化非诺贝特对高三酰甘油血症患者血管内皮功能的作用

目的 :探讨微粒化非诺贝特对高三酰甘油血症患者血管内皮功能的作用。方法 :对 30例高三酰甘油血症患者 (口服微粒化非诺贝特 2 0 0mg/d治疗 4周前后 )和 30例正常人采用高分辨超声技术检测血流介导的和硝酸甘油介导的肱动脉舒张功能 ,并测定血浆内皮素 (ET)和血脂。结果 :①高三酰甘油血症组血流介导的肱动脉舒张反应较正常组明显减弱 [(2 .7± 2 .0 ) %∶(15 .0± 8.0 ) % ,P <0 .0 1],而两组对硝酸甘油的血管舒张反应差异无显著性意义 [(15 .0± 5 .0 ) %∶(16 .8± 9.0 ) % ,P >0 .0 5 ]。②高三酰甘油血症患者微粒化非诺贝特治疗后血流介导的肱动脉舒张显著改善 [(11.0± 9.0 ) % ,P <0 .0 1],而硝酸甘油介导的血管舒张较治疗前无明显改变[(16 .2± 6 .0 ) % ,P >0 .0 5 ]。③高三酰甘油血症患者血浆ET水平显著高于正常人 [(10 6 .2± 19.2 ) μg/L∶(72 .4± 14 .1) μg/L ,P <0 .0 1],微粒化非诺贝特治疗后血浆ET水平显著降低 [(82 .7± 15 .5 ) μg/L ,P <0 .0 1],血清三酰甘油明显降低 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :微粒化非诺贝特对高三酰甘油血症患者受损的血管内皮依赖性舒张功能有改善作用。改善血管内皮功能亦是微粒化非诺贝特防治冠心病的作用机制之一