实验高压电烧伤肠系膜微循环动态变化及意义

目的探索高压电对机体内脏微血管及微血流动力学的影响,为电烧伤后脏器损伤的防治提供理论依据。方法复制家兔高压电烧伤模型,用WX-9B型微循环显微镜及视频图像分析系统,观测肠系膜微血管形态、微血流流态及微血管周围状态的变化。结果与对照组比较,电烧伤组肠系膜微血管形态、微血流流态及微血管周围状态均发生变化,高压电对微动脉与微静脉管径均有影响,且两者存在交互作用(P<0.001);微血管周围渗出与出血的生存曲线分析,对照组与电烧伤组比较有显著性差异(P<0.001)。结论高压电能引起家兔肠系膜微循环发生病理性改变。     

升温输液对烧伤休克兔肠系膜微循环的影响

目的探讨升温输液对烧伤休克兔肠系膜微循环的影响。方法将30只新西兰兔随机分成两组，建立烧伤休克模型，一组采用低温（18℃）输液，另一组采用升温（37℃）输液，分别观测肠系膜微循环的变化。结果升温输液组与低温输液组相比较，肠系膜微动脉管径（AD）、微静脉管径（VD）显著增大（P〈0．001），微动脉血流速度（AFV）和微静脉血流速度（VFV）明显增快（P〈0．（105），毛细血管血流流态由线粒流变为线流。低温输液组微血管周围有渗出与出血13例，血流中发现有微小血栓8例，而升温输液组微血管周围有渗出与出血4例，血流中发现有微小血栓2例，两组比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论升温输液对改善烧伤休克肠系膜微循环，并对烧伤休克所致多器官损害具有一定防治作用。     

高血压病球结膜微循环动力学临床研究

本研究运用微循环图像处理系统,对36例高血压病人及30例正常人作了微循环检查.指标:1.微血管网络对血流阻力的指示,包括微动静脉管径、微血管条数及面积密度.2.微循环血液灌流指标,包括单根血管流速和流量,区域血流量,及微血管灌流比.结果:除微血管面积密度增加外,其余指标病人组均较正常组为低(P均<0.05);另外,微动脉(A_1、A_2)管径与舒张压呈直线负相关(P<0.05).提示本病微循环病变特征是微血管径变小,微血管网开放度降低及灌流状态恶化.     

梗阻性黄疸大鼠肾皮质微循环变化及丹参的治疗作用

目的 探讨梗阻性黄疸大鼠肾皮质微循环变化及丹参的干预效果.方法 将SD大鼠分为假手术组(A组),胆总管结扎组(B组),丹参干预组(C组),每组分3、7、10 d三个时相,每个时相8只.应用WX-9型微循环显微镜观测各组相应时相肾皮质微血管管径和密度变化及微血管周围的渗出情况.结果 B组与A组比较各时相肾皮质微血管收缩,7、10 d组微血管数量减少,并随时间延长血管收缩、数量减少更加明显(P＜0.05),B组7、10 d微血管周围出现渗出.C组与B组比较7、10 d肾皮质微血管扩张,数量增加(P＜0.05),C组7、10 d微血管周围渗出减轻.结论 梗阻性黄疸可引起大鼠肾皮质微循环障碍,丹参注射液可改善肾皮质微循环.     

急性低气压缺氧对小鼠肠系膜微循环的影响

34只小鼠经快速低气压性缺氧处理,引起肠系膜微循环明显损害。包括:1.微血管轮廓及分支状态改变;2.血管管径粗细不匀;3.微小动脉细直;4.血管内红细胞聚集;5.血液流态改变;6.血管周围出血及渗出。电镜下见到微血管内皮细胞明显损害及血浆血细胞分离。提示:以上损害程度与低气压程度及持续时间有关。     

卡巴胆碱对烧伤大鼠肠系膜微循环的影响

目的探讨卡巴胆碱对烧伤大鼠肠系膜微循环的影响。方法采用大鼠烧伤模型,分为对照组、烧伤组和卡巴胆碱治疗组。用活体微循环观测技术观察卡巴胆碱对烧伤大鼠肠系膜微血管管径、血流速度的作用。用激光多普勒血流量仪测肠壁血流量的变化。结果(1)烧伤组大鼠颈动脉平均压和细静脉管径较对照组分别下降19.30%(P<0.01)和9.97%(P<0.05),给予卡巴胆碱治疗后,颈动脉平均压和细静脉管径较烧伤组分别升高17.88%(P<0.05)和29.42%(P<0.001)。(2)烧伤组大鼠肠系膜细静脉血流速度和肠壁血液灌注量较对照组分别下降68.18%和70.66%(P<0.001),卡巴胆碱可明显增加肠系膜细静脉血流速度和肠壁血液灌注量,分别是烧伤组的2.41倍和2.45倍(P<0.001)。(3)烧伤后大鼠毛细血管网开放数较对照组下降55.21%(P<0.001),给予卡巴胆碱治疗后,毛细血管网开放数是烧伤组的1.95倍(P<0.01)。结论卡巴胆碱能使烧伤大鼠肠系膜细静脉舒张,加快肠系膜微血管血流速度,增加肠道的血液灌注量,具有改善肠道微循环的功能。     

十二指肠胃食管反流液对气管微循环的影响

目的了解十二指肠胃食管反流 (DGER)液对气管微循环 (TM)的影响。方法对12只幼兔复制成动物模型 ,自身对照观察建模前及建模后5min和30min的TM。结果建模后5min ,微血管管径明显减小(P<0.001),流速明显减慢 (P<0.001);管周有渗出。建模30min ,微血管管径较前逐渐增大 (P<0.001) ;流速仍缓慢(P<0.001)。结论DGER的反流液可直接引起TM的缺血性微循环障碍     

重症急性胰腺炎早期血管活性物质的变化及意义

目的:探讨内皮素(ET)与降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)及一氧化氮(NO)在重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)早期发病中的作用及临床意义。方法:采用放射免疫分析及硝酸还原酶法测定急性发病期(24h～48h)重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)17例,轻症急性胰腺炎(MAP)35例和正常对照组(NC)30例的血浆ET与CGRP及血清NO的含量。Imrie评分>3分,APACHEⅡ评分≥8分者为SAP。结果:SAP患者Imrie评分和APACHEⅡ评分明显高于MAP患者(P<0.05,P<0.01)。SAP患者血浆ET水平明显增高,MAP患者血浆ET水平明显降低,两组之间比较以及与NC组比较具有非常显著差异(P<0.001)。SAP患者血浆CGRP水平无明显变化(P>0.05)。MAP患者血浆CGRP水平明显增高(P<0.001)。AP患者血清NO水平显著降低,SAP与MAP两组患者NO比较具有非常显著差异(P<0.001)。SAP患者ET/CGRP及ET/NO比值与MAP患者及NC组比较明显增高(P<0.01);MAP患者ET/CGRP比值与NC组比较明显降低(P<0.05),MAP患者ET/NO比值与NC组比较无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论:ET或与SAP胰腺组织的病理性出血和坏死具有密切关系,微循环障碍对胰腺组织具有内源性损伤作用。ET/CGRP及ET/NO比值能较好地反映AP患者病情轻重,可作为评价其预后的指标。     

复苏液温度对急性失血性休克兔肠系膜微循环的影响

目的观察兔失血性休克输注不同温度的复苏液时肠系膜微循环的变化特点,为临床复苏应用适宜的复苏液温度提供依据。方法选择健康新西兰雄兔32只,随机分为四组：假手术组、低温组、常温组、温热组,后三组复制休克模型,模型稳定30min后将后三组按相同速度分别给予低温、常温、及温热平衡液和自体血复苏,于休克前、休克时、开始复苏后1、2、3h分别测定兔肠系膜微血管管径、红细胞流速、微血管数目的变化及平均动脉压的变化。实验结束后取邻近部位小肠做病理检查。结果液体复苏后低温组、常温组、温热组兔肠系膜微血管管径、红细胞流速、微血管数目及平均动脉压均高于休克时（P〈0.05）。复苏过程中温热组兔肠系膜微血管管径、红细胞流速及平均动脉压高于常温组和低温组（P〈0.05）。邻近部位小肠病理学检查结果低温复苏组兔小肠出血坏死、黏膜脱落较常见,而常温复苏组及温热液体复苏组的病变较轻,表现为组织水肿较常见。结论失血性休克可引起兔肠系膜微循环障碍,微血管管径、红细胞流速、微血管数目均下降,温热液体复苏更有助于改善肠系膜微循环。     

063 X线照射对小鼠肠系膜微循环的影响及复方紫归的保护作用

目的: 研究急性放射性损伤对小白鼠的肠系膜微循环的影响及不同剂量的复方紫归对肠系膜微循环的保护作用. 方法: 取体重18～22 g/只小鼠分五组, 分别为对照后服药组(高、中、低剂量)、照射后不给药组和对照组, 照射剂量均为20 Rad(1/20 LD). 各组均于照射之日起的第4、 8、 12天对小鼠进行腹部切开, 用微循环显微镜活体观察肠系膜微循环, 判断射线照射后的损害. 指标有: 血管粗细不匀、走行异常、囊状扩张、微血管瘤、血液流态、血管内红细胞聚集、血管周围渗出及出血. 结果: (1) 小鼠肠系膜微循环在射线照射后第4天至第12天损害呈加重趋势(R4与R8 P<0.005, R8与R12 P<0.001); (2) 用药组对射线造成的微循环损害均有减轻作用(R8与L8 P<0.005, R8与R8 P<0.001); (3) 比较L8与M8、 H8 P<0.01, 提示低剂量组改善明显. 结论: 复方紫归系当归补血汤的加减化裁, 有益气养血之功效. 本实验高、中、低剂量组对射线损害均有良好的微循环保护作用, 其中低剂量组效果更优于高剂量组.     

Modes of reinforcement and gender and culture of experimenter and subject: effects of "alien" and external reinforcement for Japanese and American men and women

In this study, we examined external and "alien" reinforcement (ER and AR. respectively) as a factor in social learning, and studied the combined effects of culture and reinforcement mode. A female (Experiment 1) and a male (Experiment 2) experimenters conducted experimental sessions. Both men and women, who grew up in the same culture as the experimenter, participated and performed the experimental task. A three-way interaction effect of experimenter gender, culture, and reinforcement mode was found on task performance. And the effect was more pronounced for a Japanese experimenter. A female and a male experimenters conducted Experiments 3 and 4, respectively; however participants this time were men and women who grew up in different cultures than the experimenter. Results indicated that the pattern of the subject gender and reinforcement mode interaction effect, when the experimenter was Japanese with American subjects, was exactly opposite to that when the experimenter was American. These experiments showed that AR was as effective for social learning as ER, and that the cultural backgrounds of experimenter and subject influenced AR and ER effectiveness.     

Rates of oxygen consumption and of anaerobic glycolysis in renal cortex and medulla of adult and new-born rats and guinea-pigs

1. Rates of oxygen uptake and of anaerobic glycolysis were estimated in slices from the renal cortex and medulla (a) of adult rats and guinea-pigs, (b) of new-born (1-, 5- and 21-day-old) rats and of guinea-pigs of 1, 12, 21, 24 and 120 hr age.2. In the adult rat, Q(O2) values for the cortex were 12.55 +/- 0.20 (22) and for the medulla: 8.56 +/- 0.17 (22) mul./hr.mg dry weight, while in the new-born rat (24 hr old) they were 10.99 +/- 0.46 (12) and 9.33 +/- 0.18 (9) mul./hr.mg dry weight respectively.3. Values for Q(CO2) (N2) (anaerobic glycolysis) in the 14 hr old new-born rat were in the renal cortex 9.65 +/- 0.35 (5) and in the medulla 7.39 +/- 0.43 (5) mul./hr.mg dry weight; while in the adult they were 2.25 +/- 0.08 (16) and 5.76 +/- 0.14 (16) mul./hr.mg dry weight, respectively.4. In the adult guinea-pig values for Q(CO2) (N2) were of the same order as in the adult rat, though the rate of O(2) uptake was for the cortex 8.12 +/- 0.22 (12) and for the medulla 5.02 +/- 0.23 (11) mul./hr.mg dry weight.5. Though the Q(O2) values in the renal cortex and medulla were smaller in the 1 hr old new-born guinea-pig, they were already increasing in the 12 hr old neonate.6. The results are discussed in the light of enzyme changes occurring during the process of maturation of the nephron as indicated by histochemical observations.     

Timing and intensity of early fevers and the development of allergies and asthma

BACKGROUND: Early childhood fevers appear to protect against later allergies and asthma. What is not known is the time in which fevers exert this effect and whether the degree of temperature increase is important. OBJECTIVE: We sought to examine the relationship between the time and degree of early fevers and later allergies and asthma. METHODS: Eight hundred thirty-five children from southeast Michigan were enrolled at birth. Clinic records from their first 2 years were abstracted for episodes of fever. At age 6 to 7 years, children underwent allergy testing. We examined fevers occurring within 6-month intervals in the first 2 years of life and outcomes at age 6 to 7 years. The primary outcome measures were allergic sensitization, asthma, asthma with allergic sensitization, and asthma without allergic sensitization. RESULTS: In the unadjusted analysis each episode of fever between 7 and 12 months of age was associated with a lower odds of allergic sensitization (odds ratio [OR], 0.71; 95% CI, 0.54-0.93) and asthma with allergic sensitization (OR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.21-0.90) at age 6 to 7 years. Likewise, every 1 degrees C increase in the maximum temperature between 7 and 12 months was associated with a lower odds of allergic sensitization (OR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.61-0.96) and asthma with allergic sensitization (OR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.40-0.94). After adjusting for potential confounders, each episode of fever between 7 and 12 months was associated with a lower likelihood of asthma with allergic sensitization (adjusted OR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.11-0.94) at age 6 to 7 years. CONCLUSIONS: Both the timing and intensity of childhood fevers appear to be important factors in the development of allergies and asthma.     

纳米水平分子成像与诊疗一体化研究进展与挑战

分子成像能以非侵入性的方式重现活体细胞的生理功能和生物学过程,提高疾病的早期和特异性诊断水平。纳米颗粒/材料具有物理性质可控性高、易于表面修饰、血液循环时间长和可功能化等优点,在疾病诊断与治疗中显示出巨大潜力。但如何阐明纳米材料多功能间的内在联系、解决其代谢及安全性等关键机制难题、实现纳米颗粒/材料多功能性到临床多功能...