胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤内镜超声诊断一例

患者女,65岁.因"反复中上腹疼痛2月余"入院.疼痛向腰背部放射,与体位、进食无关,伴脂肪泻,进食油腻食物后明显,但无黏液、脓血便,当地医院腹部超声示胰腺肿胀伴主胰管扩张,CT示胰腺肿胀伴周围渗出,伴胆总管下端及胰头部胰管扩张,脾脏肿大,诊断为"胰体尾占位",给予对症治疗无明显好转而入我院.入院后查血常规、肝肾功能、IgG4及CEA、CA19-9均在正常范围.内镜超声(EUS)示十二指肠乳头明显肿大,胰头部见一囊性占位,内见团块状高回声隆起,约3.4cm×2.6cm,伴后方胰管扩张,胰体尾部组织萎缩,胆总管未见明显扩张,未见肿大淋巴结.诊断胰头部囊性占位,性质待定(IPMN待排).为明确诊断行ERCP,见十二指肠内侧大量胶冻样黏液流出,覆盖副乳头区域,冲洗后见部分肿瘤组织.于十二指肠降部找到主乳头,乳头开口绒毛状;循导丝于副乳头插管,插管造影示全程胰管明显扩张,内见大量密度不均匀充盈缺损影.插入取石气囊,清理胰管,可见较多黏液流出.入院后16d,患者行全胰切除术,术中见全胰质地变硬,表面凹凸不平,与周围脏器无明显浸润.病理诊断为胰腺导管内乳头状黏液瘤.     

胰腺肿瘤的内镜超声诊断

胰腺深处人体腹膜后位，肿瘤发生常隐匿起病，如为恶性，确诊已属晚期，外科根除率低，预后极差，其中胰腺癌5年生存率只有4％，且化放疗均不敏感，能否延长生存，其前提是早期诊断。     

内镜黏膜下剥离术切除胃内异位胰腺伴导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤1例

异位胰腺伴导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤形成是一种罕见的疾病,国内鲜见报道,主要位于胃、肝内胆管和小肠。本文报道1例病例,病变位于胃壁,术前超声内镜显示病变位于黏膜下层,内部回声局部呈中高回声,可见囊腔样无回声区,经内镜黏膜下剥离术完整切除,术后病理为异位胰腺伴导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤（胃型）。     

胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤研究进展

胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤(pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasias,IPMNs)是新近被认识的一种胰腺囊性肿瘤.在不同类型胰腺肿瘤中,IPMNs预后相对较好,具有与一般胰腺肿瘤不同的分子及临床病理特征:按照乳头状结构及黏蛋白的表达又可将其分为多个亚型,不同亚型又具有不同的病理特点.病理学家提出IPMNs是胰腺癌发生过程中的重要阶段,深入研究IPMNs及其不同亚型的病理特点及其所蕴含的分子变化,将能更好的揭示IPMNs的发病机制及生物学特征.本文回顾相关文献,从分子特征、病理特征、诊断治疗及预后判断等不同角度对目前IPMNs的研究进展作一综述.     

内镜超声对胰腺导管内乳头状黏液瘤病理类型的诊断价值

目的探讨内镜超声对胰腺导管内乳头状黏液瘤（intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms, IPMN）术前病理分类的价值。方法回顾性分析北京协和医院2008—2018年间62例术前接受内镜超声检查评估IPMN病理类型且术后病理明确为胰腺IPMN的患者资料。探究区分低度异型增生（low grade dysplasia,LGD）、高度异型增生（high grade dysplasia,HGD）和侵袭性癌（invasive cancer,IC）的内镜超声征象,并利用逻辑回归模型制定基于内镜超声特征的评分系统用于IPMN病理类型的术前评估。结果在62例患者中,15例（24.2%）病理为LGD,20例（32.3%）为HGD,27例（43.5%）为IC。单因素分析显示附壁结节大小和主胰管宽度是预测IPMN病理类型的因素。附壁结节大小每增加1 mm,病理分级增加的风险就增加8%。多因素分析显示,仅附壁结节≥5 mm（OR= 7.31,95%CI：2.49~21.40,P＜0.001）具有区分LGD、HGD和IC三者的效能。将附壁结节≥5 mm赋2分,主胰管宽度≥10 mm和＜5 mm的附壁结节分别赋1分,形成内镜超声评分系统。结果显示,该评分系统区分良恶性IPMN的灵敏度、特异度和受试者特征曲线下面积分别为0.830、0.867和0.867。结论术前内镜超声有助于区分IPMN的病理类型,附壁结节大小和主胰管宽度是区别良恶性IPMN的重要因素。     

内镜下光动力治疗胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤2例

胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤是一种以导管扩张、导管内乳头状生长和黏液分泌为特征的肿瘤,具有一定的恶变潜能。内镜下光动力治疗是一种腔内局部治疗肿瘤的新技术,可使肿瘤组织坏死、脱落,达到局部杀灭肿瘤的作用。本文报道了2例内镜下光动力治疗该病的病例,总体疗效满意。     

胰腺分裂症合并胰腺导管内乳头状黏液瘤1例报告

1 病历摘要 患者男,52岁.因"反复上腹部疼痛不适近3年零8个月"于2008-05-28入院.外院多次查血淀粉酶200～300 μmol/L,曾经行胰腺假性囊肿切开引流术.术后反复出现上腹部疼痛不适,上腹部CT提示:慢性胰腺炎,胰腺萎缩.磁共振胰胆管成像(MRCP)提示:慢性胰腺炎,胰管扩张,开口变异并炎性狭窄.入院后查体:中上腹部深压痛,无其他阳性体征.淀粉酶:160μmol/L,癌抗原19-9(CA19-9):23.78 kU/L.初步诊断:慢性胰腺炎.分别于2008-05-30和2008-06-03行内镜逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)、胰管内超声及胰管内子母镜检查.     

胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤七例分析

胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤(intraductal papillary mutinous neoplasm,IPMN)是一种新近被逐渐认识的胰腺少见肿瘤,来源于胰腺导管黏液分泌上皮细胞,在胰腺肿瘤中预后较好.现回顾性分析我院收治的7例胰腺IPMN患者的临床资料,以提高临床医师对该病的诊治水平.     

胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤合并胆管癌1例报告

<正>1病例资料患者男性,65岁,因"上腹部不适半月余,巩膜黄染1 d"于2014年11月23日入本院治疗。入院时精神状态可,食欲欠佳,偶有恶心,无呕吐,无畏寒、发热。既往体健。入院时查体:皮肤、巩膜轻度黄染,腹平坦,未见胃肠型及蠕动波,腹壁静脉未见曲张,腹软,右上腹部可触及一大小约3 cm×3 cm质软包块,活动度欠佳,触之无肌紧张及反跳痛,肝脾肋下未触及。肝功能:AST 296 U/L,ALT 305 U/L,GGT 676 U/L,ALP141 U/L,TBil 24.2μmol/L,DBil 11.1μmol/L,IBil     

胰腺导管内乳头状黏液瘤

胰腺导管内乳头状黏液瘤（IPMN）是由胰腺导管内产生黏液的上皮细胞呈乳头状增殖形成的肿瘤。与经典的胰腺癌相比,IPMN具有低度恶性、生长缓慢、少有侵犯周围组织、淋巴结转移率和再发率低的特点。IPMN根据肿瘤累及的部位可分为主胰管型、分支胰管型和混合型,病理组织特征涵盖从单纯腺瘤到浸润癌等多个亚型,临床表现多样,多种影像学检查手段可显示弥漫性或节段性扩张的主胰管和囊状扩张的分支胰管,ERCP经扩大的乳头获取黏液和胰液,取胰腺导管内皮组织和壁结节供活检均有助于诊断。IPMN确诊后应积极手术,手术切除率高,术后5年生存率高于一般的胰腺癌。本文就其临床表现、分类、病理特征、影像学诊断和治疗等方面做一综述。     

Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the pancreas: diagnosis and treatment

Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) is characterized by cystic dilatation of the main and/or branch pancreatic duct. Only one-third of all patients are symptomatic, and others are diagnosed by chance. IPMNs are classified into 3 types: main duct, branch duct, and mixed IPMN. Most branch-type IPMNs are benign, while the other 2 types are frequently malignant. The presence of large mural nodules increases the possibility of malignancy in all types. Presence of a large branch-type IPMN and marked dilatation of the main duct indicate, at the very least, the existence of adenoma. Ultrasonography, endosonography, and intraductal ultrasonography clearly demonstrate ductal dilatation and mural nodules, and magnetic resonance pancreatography best visualizes the entire outline of IPMN. Not infrequently, synchronous or metachronous malignancy develops in various organs, including the pancreas. Prognosis is excellent after complete resection of benign and noninvasive malignant IPMNs. Asymptomatic branch-type IPMNs without mural nodules may be followed up without resection. Malignant IPMNs displaying acquired aggressiveness after parenchymal invasion require adequate lymph node dissection. Total pancreatectomy is needed for some IPMNs; its benefits, however, must be balanced against operative and postoperative risks because most IPMNs are slow growing and affect elderly people, and prognosis is favorable for IPMN patients with even malignant neoplasms.     

Intraductal oncocytic papillary neoplasm of the pancreas: A systematic review

BackgroundIntraductal oncocytic papillary neoplasm of the pancreas (IOPN–P) is a rare subtype of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN). This study was performed to summarize the clinicopathological features and management of IOPN-P.MethodsEnglish-language articles were searched from MEDLINE and EMBASE from the first report of IOPN-P in 1996 until 1 May 2019 following the methodology in the PRISMA guidelines.ResultsIn total, 66 patients from 24 full articles were included in the final data analysis. The patients’ average age was 61 years, and the male/female ratio was 1. Most lesions were large (average size, 5.50 cm), located in the pancreatic head, and found either incidentally or by uncharacteristic abdominal symptoms. IOPN-P was usually a cystic and solid lesion with or without mural nodules on radiological examination. A definitive diagnosis was often acquired from fine needle aspiration biopsy or postoperative pathology. All tumors were diagnosed as carcinoma in situ or minimally invasive carcinoma, necessitating surgical resection. The prognosis of IOPN-P was better than that of other IPMN subtypes, even when metastasis occurred. Recurrence after surgical resection of IOPN-P was rare.ConclusionsIOPN-P is rare among IPMN subtypes with unique pathological characteristics. Because of the nontypical symptoms and radiological findings, a definitive preoperative diagnosis usually depends on multimodal examinations. Management and surveillance of IOPN-P after surgical resection should be differentiated from those of other pancreatic benign cystic lesions because of its relative malignancy, but IOPN-P should also be differentiated from other IPMN subtypes and malignant cystic tumors because of its favorable prognosis.     

Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the pancreas with a bifid pancreatic duct

A bifid pancreatic duct presenting a major bifurcation in the main pancreatic duct is one of the anatomical variations of the pancreatic ducts. We encountered a 71-year-old female with a 5-cm-diameter branch duct intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the pancreas in whom preoperative endoscopic retrograde pancreatography demonstrated an anomalous bifurcation of the main pancreatic duct at the body of the pancreas. We performed a distal pancreatectomy, instead of a middle pancreatectomy, with a cutting line at the downstream pancreas to the duct bifurcation point. Intraoperative ultrasonography was useful to confirm the exact location of the pancreatic duct bifurcation as well as the tumor extension. The procedure resulted in a favorable outcome without any postoperative complications. Although a bifid pancreatic duct is an unusual anomalous condition, this case should alert surgeons to be aware of such anatomical variants when performing pancreatic resection, otherwise, incurable pancreatic complications may occur postoperatively.     

Differential diagnosis of benign and malignant branch duct intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm using contrast-enhanced endoscopic ultrasonography

AIM: To elucidate the role of contrast-enhanced endoscopic ultrasonography (CE-EUS) in the diagnosis of branch duct intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (BD-IPMN).METHODS: A total of 50 patients diagnosed with BD-IPMN by computed tomography (CT) and endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) at our institute were included in this study. CE-EUS was performed when mural lesions were detected by EUS. The diagnostic accuracy for identifying mural nodules (MNs) was evaluated by CT, EUS, and EUS combined with CE-EUS. In the patients who underwent resection, the accuracy of measuring MN height with each imaging modality was compared. The cut-off values to diagnose malignant BD-IPMNs based on MN height for each imaging modality were determined using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.RESULTS: Fifteen patients were diagnosed with BD-IPMN with MNs and underwent resection. The remaining 35 patients were diagnosed with BD-IPMN without MNs and underwent follow-up monitoring. The pathological findings revealed 14 cases with MNs and one case without. The accuracy for diagnosing MNs was 92% using CT and 72% using EUS; the diagnostic accuracy increased to 98% when EUS and CE-EUS were combined. The accuracy for measuring MN height significantly improved when using CE-EUS compared with using CT or EUS (median measurement error value, CT: 3.3 mm vs CE-EUS: 0.6 mm, P < 0.05; EUS: 2.1 mm vs CE-EUS: 0.6 mm, P < 0.01). A cut-off value of 8.8 mm for MN height as measured by CE-EUS improved the accuracy of diagnosing malignant BD-IPMN to 93%.CONCLUSION: Using CE-EUS to measure MN height provides a highly accurate method for differentiating benign from malignant BD-IPMN.     

Diagnosis of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm using endoscopic ultrasound guided microbiopsies:A case report

Pancreatic cysts are increasingly diagnosed due to expanding use of cross-sectional imaging,but current diagnostic modalities have limited diagnostic accuracy.Recently,a novel through-the-needle microbiopsy forceps has become available,offering the possibility of obtaining cyst-wall biopsies.We present a case of 41-year-old male with chronic pancreatitis and a 2-cm pancreatic cyst,initially considered a pseudocyst.Subsequently,endoscopic ultrasou-nd guided microbiopsies were successfully obtained,which surprisingly revealed an intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of mixed subtype with low grade dysplasia.In conclusion,obtaining biopsies from the wall of the pancreatic cystic lesions with this novel instrument is feasible and,as demonstrated in this case,can possibly alter the clinical outcome.Microbiopsies offered enough cellular material,allowing supplemental gene mutation analysis,which combined with other modalities could lead to a more individual approach when treating pancreatic cysts.However,prospective studies are warranted before routine clinical implementation.