应用M模-TCD评价脑静脉及静脉窦血栓形成患者深静脉的动力学改变

目的 明确M模经颅多普勒检查（M模-TCD）在评估脑静脉及静脉窦血栓形成（cerebral vein andsinus thrombosis，CVT）患者大脑深静脉动力学改变中的价值。方法 应用M模-TCD（DWL Doppler Box，德国）对4例脑静脉系统血栓形成患者（观察组）及4例年龄及性别匹配的健康志愿者（对照组）的大脑中深静脉（dMCV）进行检测，记录dMCV的峰血流速度及脉动指数。结果 对照组中，dMCV的检出率为75％，平均峰血流速度为（14±2）cm/s；CVT患者中，dMCV的检出率为87.5％，4例患者均检测出一侧或两侧dMCV的峰血流速度的明显增加，平均峰血流速度为（55±25）cm/s。两组峰血流速度的差值具有统计学意义（P <0.01）。结论 对于CVT患者来说，M模-TCD可提供一种可靠、快速的检测深静脉动力学改变的非介入性技术。颅内深静脉血流速度的增加可能为CVT诊断的一个间接标准。     

单发和多发脑静脉血栓形成的临床特征分析

目的 探讨单发和多发脑静脉血栓形成(CVT)患者的临床特征和短期预后. 方法 总结分析136例CVT患者的血栓部位及受累静脉窦/静脉数目,依受累颅内静脉窦/静脉数目将患者分为单发CVT组和多发CVT组,采用单变量分析比较2组患者的临床特点及预后. 结果 单发CVT组44例,多发CVT组92例(其中累及2个部位45例,3个部位35例,4个部位9例,5个部位3例).最常受累的静脉窦/静脉为横窦/乙状窦(86.8%),其后依次为上矢状窦(58.1%)、直窦(18.4%)、大脑深静脉系统(7.4%)和皮层静脉系统(2.9%).单变量分析显示单发CVT组患者平均发病年龄大于多发CVT组,但短期预后好于多发CVT组,比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);多发CVT组患者出现颅内实质病变及合并颅外静脉血栓的几率高于单发CVT组,同时治疗前颅内压≥300mm H2O的患者比例高于单发CVT组,比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05). 结论 CVT中以多发CVT所占比例较高,最容易受累的部位为横窦/乙状窦和上矢状窦.与单发CVT相比,多发CVT患者颅内压较高,多合并颅外静脉血栓,出现静脉性脑梗死和脑出血的几率较高,临床病情重,预后相对较差.     

脑静脉血栓形成39例分析

脑静脉血栓形成(Cerebral venous thrombosis,CVT)是指发生在脑皮层静脉、脑深部静脉和(或)颅内静脉窦部位的血栓,由于部位不一,程度各异,其临床表现远不如动脉血栓形成相对具有定位表现,又因发病率较低,常造成诊断上的困难,虽因其特殊的病理机制使抗凝溶栓治疗顾虑较多,但     

大脑深静脉血栓形成一例

大脑深静脉血栓形成（DCVT）是脑静脉血栓的一个亚型，我们结合1例典型的DCVT患者，来探讨深脑静脉血栓的临床及影像特征。     

脑静脉血栓形成

脑静脉血栓形成（cerebral venous thrombosis，CVT）是一种相对少见的静脉性缺血性卒中综合征。据2005年NewEngland Journal of Medicine报道，成年人群CVT的年发病率为（3～4）／100万，儿童为7／100万。其中75％为女性，可能与妊娠、口服避孕药导致CVT发生有关。目前，我国的CVT发病率以及男女比例尚无相关流行病学资料报道。     

脑静脉血栓形成诊断和治疗的临床分析

[关键词]脑静脉血栓形成溶栓治疗脑静脉血栓形成(cerebralvenousthrombosis,CVT)是发生在颅内静脉系统包括静脉窦、大脑深、浅静脉一种少见的血栓栓塞性疾病,临床表现多样,易误诊。现对我们救治的22例CVT患者报道如下,并对实施过静脉窦接触溶栓的资料进行分析和文献回顾。1资料1.1一般资料:从南京卒中注册数据库1809例病例中,查询符合CVT诊断的共22例,为2002年9月至2005年3月的住院患者,其中男13例,女9例,年龄16～60岁,平均37.2岁,经MR、磁共振静脉血管成像(magneticresonancevenography,MRV)或数字减影血管造影(digitalsubtractionan…     

大脑浅静脉血栓形成伴出血性脑梗死

研究背景大脑浅静脉血栓形成为临床少见脑血管病,病因多样、发病形式和临床表现复杂且不具有特异性,易误诊或漏诊。本文通过对1例大脑浅静脉血栓形成伴出血性脑梗死患者大脑浅静脉解剖学、浅静脉血栓形成病理生理学知识的复习及诊断与治疗要点的回顾,以提高对其诊断与鉴别诊断能力。方法与结果男性患者,18岁。进行性头痛4年伴左侧肢体无力2 d。头部MRI显示右侧额顶叶类圆形占位性病变,MRV显示上矢状窦前2/3显影不清。手术切除右侧额顶叶部分病变组织并去骨瓣减压,术中可见脑组织苍白,部分呈黄色或暗红色,浅静脉怒张;组织学形态观察,软脑膜浅静脉血栓和软脑膜下软化灶形成,大脑皮质多灶性和局部脑实质出血,周围组织大量"格子细胞",并可见"血管套袖"现象,脑实质血管明显增生。术后左手活动明显受限。结论大脑浅静脉血栓形成伴出血性脑梗死临床诊断困难,影像学和血清学检查可提供一定帮助,应重视多学科联合诊断与治疗,以减少误诊和漏诊并积累临床经验。     

颅内静脉窦和脑静脉血栓形成临床误诊分析

颅内静脉窦及脑静脉血栓形成是脑血管病的一种类型,由于脑静脉回流障碍,颅内压增高,临床表现为头痛、呕吐、视力下降等症状。由于发病率低,病因复杂,颅内静脉窦各窦部位不同,局部静脉回流障碍引起的神经系统症状亦异,因此临床误诊较多。现就１９８７年２月～１９９...     

脑静脉系统血栓患者的脑血流动力学研究

目的观察脑静脉系统血栓(CVT)的脑静脉血流动力学变化。方法采用Doppler超声对患者进行脑静脉血流动力学前瞻性研究,测定51例患者(分3组)脑基底静脉(BVR)及其属支大脑中深静脉(DMCV)的最大平均血流速度(Vmax)。第一组为33例CVT,除诊断性探测外,对其中12例经过溶栓治疗者进行动态监测;第二组为11例存在颅内压增高而无CVT者;第3组为6例脑静脉窦结构变异而无CVT者。对3组患者均进行磁共振检查,并经数字减影血管造影或磁共振静脉血管成像证实诊断。结果第一组BVR和DMCV流速分别为( 64 6±22 9 )cm/s和( 70 7±28 6 )cm/s,明显高于正常值(P<0 01),但不受颅内压变化的影响(r=0 06, P>0 05),经溶栓治疗两静脉流速明显下降(P<0 01);第二组两静脉流速分别为(11 4±2 7)cm/s和(10 2±2 8 )cm/s,均在正常范围(P>0 05 ),不受颅内压变化的影响(r=0 053,P>0 05 );第三组两静脉流速分别为(12 0±4 6)cm/s和(11 1±6 8)cm/s,均在正常范围(P>0 05)。结论脑静脉血流动力学研究发现,BVR或DMCV血流速度代偿性增高是CVT特征性表现,不受颅内压增高及脑静脉窦结构变异的影响,可为CVT的早期诊断、病情监测和疗效观察提供可靠、无创和经济的检测手段。     

银屑病伴发脑静脉系统血栓形成1例报告

正1病例介绍患者,男性,51岁,因"右上肢活动不利5个月,加重伴右下肢活动不利15 d"入院。患者于入院前5个月无明显诱因出现阵发性右手精细活动不能,每次发作持续约1 min,可自行缓解。于当地医院行头颅CT后诊断为"ICH",药物治疗过程中上述症状缓解后加重,复查CT示左侧额叶混杂密度影,病灶较前有所增大。入院前4个月行头颅MRI普通增强示左侧额叶结节状高低混杂信号影,其旁见小     

A Case of Cerebral Venous Thrombosis and Deep Venous Thrombosis Due to Hyperthyroidism with Increased Factor VIII Activity

A 48-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of headache and fever. She was diagnosed with aseptic meningitis. Five days later, she had a seizure and developed left hemiparesis. Magnetic resonance imaging showed hyperintensity in the right parietal area on fluid attenuated inversion recovery imaging. She was diagnosed as having cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) because the suprasagittal sinus was invisible on the venographic studies. Moreover, deep venous thrombosis (DVT) was detected in her left lower extremity. Laboratory findings showed hyperthyroidism and markedly increased factor VIII activity. This is a rare case of concomitant CVT and DVT induced by high factor VIII activity due to hyperthyroidism under the presence of meningitis, an additional risk factor for thrombosis.     

Spontaneous Epidural Hematomas due to Cerebral Venous Thrombosis in a Patient with Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura

IntroductionIntracerebral haemorrhage in patients suffering from cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is relatively uncommon. CVT typically occurs in hypercoagulable state of various causes. Some drugs play a causative role in CVT and thrombopoietin receptor agonists are among them.Case summaryWe present a female patient with refractory immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) treated with romiplostim, suffering from severe thrombosis of jugular vein expanding intracranially. Despite being treated with adequate anticoagulation, she developed spontaneous bilateral epidural and subdural hematomas with devastating outcome.DiscussionTo our knowledge, this is the first reported case of spontaneous atraumatic epidural hematomas due to CVT in adult patient. We support that in our patient, blood stasis leading to the dissection of dura mater, platelet dysfunction, and anticoagulation treatment contributed to the formation of the intracranial, extracerebral haemorrhages.     

脑静脉窦血栓形成患者的颈内静脉血流动力学超声研究

目的 探讨脑静脉窦血栓形成（cerebral venous sinus thrombosis,CVST）患者的颈内静脉（internal jugular vein,IJV）血流动力学超声改变。 方法 经磁共振静脉造影（magnetic resonance venography,MRV）和（或）脑血管造影（digital subtraction angiography,DSA）诊断CVST患者48例,分别行双侧颈内静脉超声检查,检查内容包括多发 CVST患者双侧颈内静脉内径及平均流速,单纯上矢状窦或直窦CVST患者各项结果双侧平均值,计算 血流量,并选取正常对照组28例,各项检查结果行统计学对比分析。 结果 多发CVST组患侧吸气相及呼气相颈内静脉内径无显著变化（P =0.398）,多发CVST组健侧、上 矢状窦或直窦CVST组双侧及健康对照组双侧颈内静脉内径吸气时增宽,呼气时变窄,差异有显著性; 多发CVST组患侧颈内静脉内径较多发CVST组健侧（P =0.009）、上矢状窦或直窦CVST组（P =0.02）及对 照组（P =0.006）颈内静脉内径变窄,差异有显著性。多发CVST组患侧颈内静脉横截面积小于多发CVST 健侧（P =0.006）、上矢状窦或直窦CVST组（P =0.005）及对照组（P =0.001）;颈内静脉平均流速低于多 发CVST健侧（P =0.015）、上矢状窦或直窦CVST组（P =0.019）及对照组（P =0.011）;颈内静脉的血流量 也低于多发CVST健侧（P =0.011）、上矢状窦或直窦CVST组（P =0.028）及对照组（P =0.008）,差异具有 显著性。 结论 多发CVST患者患侧颈内静脉内径随呼吸相无明显变化,且患侧颈内静脉血流量减低。     

Deep Venous Thrombosis Prophylaxis

Although clinicians are generally advised to use prophylactic therapy to reduce the risk for developing deep venous thrombosis in patients after repair of ruptured aneurysms, limited data are available to guide specific therapeutic decisions. An electronic literature search was conducted to identify English-language articles that addressed prophylactic treatment for deep venous thrombosis after subarachnoid hemorrhage published between 1980 and March 2011. A total of 12 articles were included in this review, including seven original research studies and one meta-analysis. The incidence of deep venous thrombosis varied among studies, with the highest incidence reported with prospective ultrasound screening. Poor-grade patients are at highest risk. Mechanical prophylactic methods appear to be modestly effective as monotherapy, without significant risk for the typical patient with subarachnoid hemorrhage. Unfractionated heparin is moderately effective but carries a small risk of intracranial hemorrhage. Low molecular weight heparin has been linked to an increased risk for intracranial hemorrhage. Limited data are available to direct the timing and duration of prophylactic therapies.     

Computed Tomography Perfusion Showing Cerebral Hypoperfusion in a Patient with Acute Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis—A Case Report

Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is a rare cause of stroke. We report the case of a patient with acute CVST, showing perfusion abnormalities on computed tomography perfusion with perfusion defect in the relevant hemisphere. The defect was found in a region adjacent to the occluded sinus and was not corresponding to an arterial territory. To the best of our knowledge this is the first ever report on CT perfusion abnormalities few hours after acute symptom onset in CVST.