娱乐场所推广使用安全套预防性病的效果分析

目的:评价在娱乐场所中推广使用安全套，预防性病的效果。方法:采取行政干预手段，在娱乐场所中强制放置安全套，并通过健康教育工作开展活动，在服务小姐中传授使用安全套方法，通过宣传预防性病艾滋病知识，促使她们性行为中使用安全套。结果:开展工作1年以后，每次性行为都使用安全套的比例从干预前的8．40％上升到干预后的23．57％。淋病的发病率由干预前的3．57％下降到2．55％；衣原体的发病率由11．03％下降到6．63％；梅毒的发病率由7．58％下降到4．35％。结论:在娱乐场所开展推广使用安全套预防性病艾滋病是可行的。     

高危险人群预防艾滋病性病综合干预研究

目的探讨在娱乐服务公共场所高危人群（服务小姐）中开展预防艾滋病性病的健康教育和综合干预的方法、效果及可行性。方法调查员深入现场，采用面对面的深入访谈与咨询，免费分发宣传资料和安全套，实施外展健康教育，增设安全套自动售套机，推广使用安全套，运用调查问卷和访谈方法，评价下预效果。结果干预前后分别调查145人和106人。通过干预，服务小姐艾滋病预防知识水平有显著提高，对安全套预防艾滋病经性传播的态度和信念有明显转变。在与固定和非固定性伴侣行为中，最近1次安全套的使用率分别为63．21％和98．11％。在与非固定性伴性行为中，最近1周和最近1个月每次都用安全套的比率分别由86．21％上升为96．23％、84．83％．上升为95．28％。结论在娱乐服务场所开展预防艾滋病性病的健康教育和综合干预足可行的而且是有效的。     

在性病门诊就诊者中进行艾滋病健康教育及行为干预的效果评价

目的 了解性病门诊就诊者对艾滋病（AIDS）的认知、态度及行为，探索在该人群中开展AIDS健康教育及行为干预的措施和方法。为兰州市AIDS防治工作提供依据。方法 采用现场知识讲座、发放宣传资料、观看VCD、提供安全套等方法进行健康教育及行为干预，干预前后使用同一问卷进行调查。结果 将干预前后预防AIDS知识回答正确率进行比较，有极显著性差异；不能正确对待艾滋病病毒（HIV）感染者和AIDS患者，对自身的感染风险认识不足，安全套的使用率仅为13．68％。结论 在性病门诊开展AIDS健康教育和行为干预效果明显，这对控制AIDS的蔓延有重要意义。     

CSW群体AIDS／STI行为学监测结果分析

目的通过对商业性行为女性群体（CSW）开展行为监测，为评估干预效果及今后制定对该人群有效干预措施提供连续的、系统的、可参考的依据。方法按照艾滋病（AIDS）综合监测方案对CSW进行行为调查。结果调查人群的艾滋病关键传播知识知晓率87．95％，但目标人群在综合知识上仍需进一步巩固和提高，特别是对蚊虫叮咬不会传播艾滋病病毒（HIV）这一关键传播知识的错误率很高。最近1个月坚持使用安全套比例为72．4％，性病检查比例为49．6％。结论应根据本地实际情况和目标人群需求制定可行的干预计划，进一步提高干预的质量，为目标人群提供多种服务（同伴教育、安全套促进、性病服务、自愿咨询检测、培训等），并根据知识掌握情况调查健康教育的策略和方法，在制作及提供IEC材料方面应根据知识掌握情况注意侧重点，可接受性及发放途径。     

武汉市社区居民健康知识和需求调查

目的了解武汉市杨园街和常青街两社区居民健康知识知晓率及需求情况，为武汉市居民的健康教育策略提供理论依据。方法采用随机抽样方法，对武汉市常青街和杨园街两社区16～65岁居民进行健康知识知晓情况问卷调查。结果共调查2000名社区居民，知晓率较高的为“火灾时逃生（92．0％）”、“艾滋病的传播途径（89．6％）”和“糖尿病患者控制饮食适当运动（89．4％）”；较低的是“甲型肝炎的传播途径（52．9％）”、“痢疾的传染源（57．4％）”和“预防艾滋病的疫苗（57．7％）”；居民获得医疗保健信息的主要渠道是电视（63．7％）、报纸杂志（56．4％）、医务工作者（42．6％）；认为医疗信息来源可信度最高的是医务工作者（52．9％），其次为电视（44．6％）和报纸杂志（36．5％）；两社区共有45．8％的人参加过社区举办的健康讲座，52．6％的人收到过健康教育宣传材料；81．5％的居民对目前的健康教育工作满意和比较满意的；在身体不适时，有50．9％的人首选是到正规大医院看医生，28．1％的人是到零售药店买药。结论武汉市常青街社区与杨园街社区居民传染病防护知识掌握欠佳，应多渠道、多方位对两社区居民进行健康教育。     

南宁市娱乐场所AIDS健康教育和行为干预效果分析

目的探索有效遏制艾滋病病毒（HIV）通过性服务人员向一般人群传播的方法。为预防控制艾滋病（AIDS）提供科学依据。方法对南宁市娱乐场所性服务人员进行AIDS健康教育和行为干预。采用随机抽样、调查问卷方法收集相关信息,进行干预前后效果比较。结果AIDS预防基本知识知晓率干预后（83．2％）明显高于干预前（63．1％）（P〈0．01）,干预后最近一次商业性行为安全套使用率（75．5％）较干预前（50．9％）有明显提高（P〈0．01）;干预后最近一个月商业性行为每次都使用安全套的使用率（47．5％）较干预前（19．5％）有明显提高（P〈0．01）。结论对娱乐场所性服务人员开展面对面的预防性病艾滋病健康教育干预,能有效提高她们艾滋病防制知识知晓率和安全套使用率。     

澄迈县公共场所推广安全套对切断l生病艾滋病传播效果

目的评价在公共场所中推广安全套的使用对切断性病、艾滋病传播的效果。方法选择县城部分公共场所提供性服务者（Fsw）为干预对象，对干预对象开展健康教育和推广安全套的使用，比较干预前后提供性服务者安全套的使用率和相关知识知晓率。结果干预前提供性服务者安全套使用率为60．43％（170／480），干预后为80．81％。结论在公共场所中大力推广安全套的使用，能促使其改变高危行为，减少性病和艾滋病的传播。     

澄迈县公共场所推广安全套对切断性病艾滋病传播效果

目的评价在公共场所中推广安全套的使用对切断性病、艾滋病传播的效果。方法选择县城部分公共场所提供性服务者（Fsw）为干预对象，对干预对象开展健康教育和推广安全套的使用，比较干预前后提供性服务者安全套的使用率和相关知识知晓率。结果干预前提供性服务者安全套使用率为60．43％（170／480），干预后为80．81％。结论在公共场所中大力推广安全套的使用，能促使其改变高危行为，减少性病和艾滋病的传播。     

开展规范化性病门诊前后性伴侣的调查研究

目的：探讨开展规范化性病门诊对性病患者性伴侣就诊及性病防治知识知晓情况的影响。方法对在规范化性病门诊就诊的性病患者500例（观察组,合计有性伴侣701例）进行性病规范诊疗、健康教育及性伴侣通知;对在非规范化性病门诊就诊的性病患者500例（对照组,合计有性伴侣731例）进行性病常规诊疗及性伴侣通知。对比分析两组性伴侣就诊、安全套使用及对性病防治知识知晓情况。结果观察组性伴侣就诊635例,就诊率90．58％（635/701）,明显高于对照组的52．26％（382/731）（P＜0．05）;两组性伴侣性病构成比比较,差异无统计学意义（ P＞0．05）;观察组性伴侣性交时安全套全程使用率为84．88％（539/635）,安全套正确使用率为75．28％（478/635）,均明显高于对照组性伴侣的55．76％（213/382）、39．53％（151/382）（P＜0．05）;观察组性伴侣性病防治知识评分＞90分者比例明显高于对照组（ P＜0．05）。结论开展规范化性病门诊能有效提高性病患者性伴侣的就诊率、安全套使用率及性病防治知识知晓水平。     

120例糖尿病患者对预防糖尿病足的知识调查及分析

目的了解糖尿病（DM）患者对糖尿病足（DF）健康知识的认知程度以及自护能力，提供制定及实施干预措施的重要依据。方法选择确诊为DM120例住院患者，自设问卷表，将调查（入院、出院）结果进行比较。结果120例DM患者对DF相关知识从教育前的21．7％提高到教育后的86．3％；对危害性认识从16．7％提高到90．8％，差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论加强对DM患者的健康知识教育，有效提高患者自我足部护理能力，防止DF发生，提高患者生活质量。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.