成人单纯性输尿管囊肿27例诊治分析

目的探讨成人单纯性输尿管囊肿的诊断及治疗方法。方法回顾性分析27例成人单纯性输尿管囊肿患者的临床资料。所有患者均经B超检查,部分患者还行静脉尿路造影（IVU）和（或）膀胱镜检查。治疗分别予经尿道输尿管囊肿电切开窗术或开放手术或观察随访。结果B超检查诊断符合率为77.78%（21/27）,检查时可发现输尿管末端有圆形或类圆形的囊性肿物,典型病例并可见囊肿有膨大和缩小的节律性改变;IVU检查诊断符合率为71.43%（5/7）,主要可见膀胱内有边界清晰的圆形或椭圆形充盈缺损;膀胱镜检查诊断符合率为100%（23/23）,均可见输尿管口呈球形或椭球形囊肿样改变,伴有节律性的膨大和缩小。除2例观察随访外,25例均行手术,其中3例行开放手术,其余22例行经尿道电切开窗术,术后随访3～26个月,症状完全消失或明显减轻,肾脏积水减轻或消失,未见囊肿复发及膀胱输尿管应反流。结论输尿管囊肿对于成人单纯性输尿管囊肿而言,B超是必不可少的检查方法,膀胱镜是确诊的可靠方法,经尿道电切开窗术可作为首选的手术方式。     

输尿管囊肿的诊断与治疗(附25例报告)

目的:提高输尿管囊肿的诊治水平。方法:25例患者术前均由B超或IVU、膀胱镜确诊,均经尿道手术。结果:25例患者术后平均住院时间为5d,术后临床症状消失,原有肾积水明显改善或消失,无膀胱输尿管返流发生。结论:B超结合IVU、膀胱镜检查可以提高确诊率。经尿道手术治疗输尿管囊肿疗效显著,是一种简单而有效的治疗方法。     

经尿道内腔镜治疗输尿管囊肿(附15例报告)

目的：探讨输尿管囊肿的诊断和经尿道输尿管囊肿内镜下治疗方法。方法：15例患者均于术前明确诊断，其中膀胱镜诊断准确率100．0％、IVU诊断率80％、B超诊断率83．3％，均行经尿道输尿管囊肿内镜下切开或去顶术。结果：平均手术时间64．5min，术后平均住院3．5d，其中3例门诊治疗，未住院。术后平均随访16．5个月，效果良好，未见返流发生。结论：B超结合IVU、膀胱镜检查可以提高确诊率。输尿管囊肿治疗以经尿道输尿管囊肿切开或去顶术可以减少手术创伤及术后并发症，缩短手术及住院时间，可以作为输尿管囊肿的首选治疗方法。     

小儿输尿管囊肿的外科治疗(附15例报告)

目的 探讨小儿输尿管囊肿的诊断与外科治疗的有效方法。方法 行B超和静脉肾盂造影（IVU）明确诊断后，11例行上肾段和输尿管切除，4例行囊肿切除，膀胱输尿管抗反流输尿管再植术。结果 术后13例获得随访，随访时间6个月－4年。患儿临床症状消失，无尿路感染。排泄性膀胱尿道造影无输尿管反流；IVU显示输尿管，肾盂无扩张。结论 上肾段输尿管切除及囊肿切除加膀胱输尿管抗反流再植术是治疗小儿输尿管囊肿的有效方法。     

膀胱内型输尿管膨出的内窥镜手术治疗(附20例报告)

目的观察内窥镜手术治疗膀胱内型输尿管膨出的治疗效果.方法回顾性分析20例膀胱内型输尿管膨出患者采用内窥镜手术治疗的临床资料.结果20例患者均经B超,IVU及膀胱镜检查明确诊断,3例存在单侧性重复肾输尿管畸形,其中1例术后反复出现泌尿系感染症状,后行上肾上输尿管切除术治愈,另2例经腔内手术后肾积水减轻;17例为单纯型输尿管膨出,腔内手术后3例存在输尿管反流(1例术前已存在反流),1例术后反流自行缓解,另2例实施抗反流开放手术,肾积水减轻,反流消失,另外14例患者均经1次腔内手术治疗成功.结论内窥镜手术治疗膀胱内型输尿管膨出是一种安全,简单,有效的方法,对于存在巨大囊肿(直径≥4cm),术前已有反流,肾积水严重,肾皮质明显萎缩的膀胱内型输尿管膨出患者,内窥镜手术的治疗受到限制.     

经尿道电切术治疗输尿管囊肿23例疗效观察

目的探讨对提高输尿管囊肿的诊断和治疗水平的方法。方法总结10年收治的23例患者的临床资料。术前行B超、IVU、CT或膀胱镜检查。23例均采用经尿道内腔镜电切治疗。结果B超和Ⅳu两种检查结合可明显提高诊断符合率，膀胱镜检查的准确率为100％。经尿道电切术后随访1—10年，所有患者术后症状改善，积水消失或改善。无尿液返流。结论B超和IVU是理想而必要的检查，对手术方法的选择有指导意义，经尿道电切术治疗输尿管囊肿安全有效，为优先考虑的手术方式。     

成人输尿管囊肿的诊断与治疗

目的提高输尿管囊肿的诊治水平。方法本组32例患者术前均行B超、膀胱镜检查。24例行肾、输尿管、膀胱X线检查(KUB)及静注尿路造影(IVU)。14例行开放手术治疗,18例经尿道手术。结果B超和IVu检查可以提高确诊率,膀胱镜检的准确率可达100％。32例手术均一次成功,28例获随访,时间6个月～8年,患者术后临床症状均缓解或消失。结论B超结合IVU和膀胱镜检查可以提高确诊率。治疗以手术为主,根据具体病情,可采用开放手术或经尿道的腔内手术。     

输尿管囊肿的诊断与治疗

目的探讨输尿管囊肿临床处理的优选方案.方法回顾分析10年间收治的输尿管囊肿32例,全部病例均经膀胱镜和输尿管镜检查确诊并加用彩色多普勒能量显像(CDEI)检查.耻骨上经膀胱输尿管囊肿切除12例,耻骨上经膀胱输尿管囊肿切除同时行输尿管膀胱抗反流吻合4例.经尿道输尿管囊肿切开或去顶治疗6例.单纯囊肿切除黏膜下隧道成形术(Mason术)5例.经腹膜后囊肿切除输尿管整形手术5例.结果全部病例中仅发生3例膀胱输尿管反流,平均随访18个月也没有发现结石复发和尿路感染发生.结论膀胱镜检查是诊断输尿管囊肿的确切手段;CDEI检查对鉴别输尿管囊肿还是肿瘤、结石、血栓有益.经尿道手术治疗输尿管囊肿是一种简便、安全和行之有效的治疗手段;而Mason手术临床医生容易掌握.     

6例输尿管囊肿伴重复肾重复输管的诊治

目的：提高对输尿管囊肿伴重复肾重复输尿管的诊治水平，方法：6例皆行B超、IVU检查，1例行超声定位下穿刺造影检查，5例行输尿管口囊肿切除术，其中1例同时行尿道囊肿切除术，1例放弃治疗，结果：B超诊断输尿管口囊肿16例，重复肾，重复输这，误诊肾积水2例，误诊为肾囊肿2例；IVU检查输尿管口囊肿伴重肾重输尿管4例，误诊为肾积水2例。5例手术均均痊愈，无并发症，结论，B超结合IVU检查可提高诊断率，据囊肿及肾功能情况决定治疗方法。     

输尿管囊肿的影像学诊断

目的评价影像学检查对输尿管囊肿的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析9例输尿管囊肿的IVU、B超及MRU资料。9例均行IVU、B超检查,2例行MRU检查。结果全部病例均经手术病理证实。9例中,左侧5例,右侧3例,双侧1例。单纯型输尿管囊肿7例,异位型输尿管囊肿2例。B超显示囊肿呈类圆形无回声暗区7例,形态可随排尿而改变;IVU全部显示膀胱内边界清晰的充盈缺损或“眼镜蛇头”征。2例行MRU检查均清晰显示重复肾及异位输尿形态走行,异位输尿管囊肿情况。结论B超结合IVU基本能够明确诊断输尿管囊肿,但对于异位输尿管囊肿并重复肾显影不良的患者,MRU可以提供准确上尿路情况,指导治疗术式的选择。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.