早期声门癌显微手术治疗的临床观察

目的　提高早期声门癌患者术后生存质量 ,获得良好的发音效果。方法　在支撑喉镜、显微镜下对 2 2例早期声门癌 (T1a16例 ,原位癌 6例 )患者采用激光探刀切割 ,为了避免残留肿瘤 ,采用激光探头对创面及切缘汽化 ,并对术前、术后进行声学参数的客观分析及纤维喉镜检查 ,评估声带情况。结果　术后 3年复发率为 9.0 % ( 2 2 2 ) ,3、4、5年生存率分别为 10 0 %、94.7%、93.3%。患者术后比术前嗓音明显好转 ,但不能达到正常水平。结论　对早期声门癌行声带显微外科手术 ,可以减少对正常组织的损伤 ,术后患者生存质量提高 ,临床上应推广应用。     

半导体激光治疗早期喉声门型癌临床分析

目的探讨应用半导体激光手术治疗早期喉声门型癌的效果。方法对1998～2002年在支撑喉镜、显微镜下半导体激光手术治疗31例早期喉声门型癌进行临床分析。31例中原位癌(Tis)3例,T1a为18例,T1b为8例,T2为2例。并进行术前术后嗓音测定分析,术后随访2～5年。结果31例早期喉声门型癌激光手术治疗后,31例均存活。随访3年以上的病例有26例,3年生存率100％(26／26),随访5年的病例有11例,均存活。患者术后比术前嗓音质量提高。结论半导体激光手术治疗早期喉声门型癌疗效可靠,术后喉功能保存好,创伤小,费用低,术后嗓音恢复好,是一种早期喉癌微创治疗的有效方法,值得临床推广应用。     

Diomed-25半导体激光手术治疗早期声门癌疗效观察

目的：观察激光治疗早期声门癌的临床效果。方法：采用Diomed-25半导体激光器对18例早期声门癌患者进行手术治疗，其中7例在局麻下进行．10例在全麻下进行，1例患者局麻下难以配合，全麻支撑喉镜下前联合暴露困难，遂行喉裂开后以激光切除肿瘤。结果：术后随访3～5年，局部复发3例，其中2例为T1b患者，病变侵犯前联合，1例为T2病变。18例中，失访1例(按死亡计算)，3年生存率为100．0％(18/18)，5年生存率为90．9％(10／11)。除2例肿瘤复发行全喉切除外，余16例均保留了喉发声功能。结论：半导体激光手术治疗早期声门癌，疗效确切，喉功能保留好，并发症发生率低，有临床应用价值。     

部分喉切除术治疗声门癌的疗效分析

为评价部分喉切除术治疗声门癌的效果，总结１９７４～１９９４年期间治疗声门癌患者１３２例，随访至１９９４年１２月，获得随访资料者１２６例（９５％），进行统计分析。所有病例均经组织病理学证实为喉癌，根据ＴＮＭ分期，Ｔ１、Ｔ２９８例（７７．８％），Ｔ３、Ｔ４２８例（２２．２％）。１例Ｔ４Ｎ１，其他均为Ｎ０。就诊时全部患者均为Ｍ０。１２６例患者均系采用部分喉切除治疗，其中８９例为单纯手术治疗，术前放射治疗４例，术后放射治疗３３例。应用Ｋａｐｌａｎ－Ｍｅｉｅｒ法进行生存率分析，结果１２６例中３年、５年和１０年生存率分别为９４．７％、８９．１％和８６．１％；Ｔ１、Ｔ２组３年、５年和１０年生存率分别为：９７．８％、９５．１％和９３．３％；Ｔ３、Ｔ４组为８３．２％、６２．７％和５２．３％。患者术后均保存了喉的发音功能，能用语言进行社交，喉功能恢复良好。结论：部分喉切除术是治疗声门癌的最佳选择。     

可调式支撑喉镜下声门暴露困难患者的喉显微外科手术

目的：探讨支撑喉镜下声门暴露困难患者喉显微外科手术安全有效的方法。方法2012年7月～2015年6月65例术前评估为声门暴露困难的成年患者中有62例（95．38％）在经支撑喉镜行喉显微外科手术中发生声门暴露困难,其中,声带息肉42例,声带囊肿9例,声带淀粉术变5例,声带重度不典型增生4例,声带高分化鳞癌2例;回顾性分析这62例患者的临床资料,对完成喉显微外科手术的方法进行分析。结果62例患者术中使用普通支撑喉镜均声门暴露困难,58例（93．55％,58／62）改用可调式电视支撑喉镜顺利完成手术,其中,10例加深麻醉深度配合30°内镜并按压喉体使声门暴露完全完成手术,但有5例患者术后出现不同程度的咽后壁损伤;1例伴小颌畸形的声带广基息肉患者手术未成功,改为表面麻醉电子喉镜下完成手术;1例牙列不齐并装有烤瓷牙的患者及2例声带癌患者改行无气管切开喉裂开术。结论支撑喉镜下声门暴露困难者大部分可通过带内镜的可调式电视支撑喉镜安全有效地暴露声门,部分患者可同时经支撑喉镜侧通道放入30°内镜辅助暴露声门,以完成各类喉显微外科手术。     

CO2激光治疗早期声门型喉癌疗效分析

目的总结CO2激光手术治疗声门型喉癌的临床治疗效果。方法对2002年4月－2007年5月安徽省立医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科激光手术治疗8961例声门型喉癌进行临床分析。61例中,T1a33例,T1b16例,T212例。累及前联合者12例,未累及前联合者49例。术后随诊12～73个月。结果61例支撑喉镜下C02激光手术后5例局部复发,1例T2患者术后7个月出现同侧颈淋巴结转移,局部（区域）复发率为9．8％（6／61）。T1a复发率3．0％（1／33）,T1b复发12．5％（2／16）,T2复发率25．0％（3／12）,组间差异有显著性（Χ^2=4．836,P〈0．05）。病变侵犯前联合复发率16.7％（2／12）,病变未侵犯前联合复发率8．2％（4／49）,两组间差异无显著性（Χ^2=0．697,P〉0．05）。61例激光手术治疗的患者,58例存活,死亡3例。结论激光手术治疗早期声门型喉癌疗效可靠,喉功能保全好,是早期喉癌理想的治疗方式。     

部分喉切除术治疗声门癌的疗效分析

为评价部分喉切除术治疗声门癌的效果，总结１９７４￣１９９４年期间治疗声门癌患者１３２例，随访至１９９４年１２月，获得随访资料者１２６例（９５％），进行统计分析。所有病例均经组织病理学证实为喉癌，根据ＴＮＭ分期、Ｔ１、Ｔ２ ９８例（７７．８％），Ｔ３、Ｔ４ ２８例（２２．２％），１例Ｔ４Ｎ１，其他均为Ｎ０，就诊时全部患者均为Ｍ０。１２６例患者均采用部分喉切除治疗，其中８９例为单纯手术治疗，术前放射治     

声带癌前病变及癌变动态喉镜追踪观察

目的 探讨动态喉镜下声带癌前病变的表现及其在癌变追踪中的观察价值。方法 用动态喉镜检测声带癌前病变５２例,观察静态图像及振幅的改变,并追踪观察癌变１～５．５年。结果 声带癌前病变５２例中粘膜波消失或减弱占８６．３％（４５／５２）,振三弱占９．６％（４／５２）,发现癌变（声门癌）Ｔ１１４例,粘膜波消失１００％,振消失或减弱１００％。结论 动态喉镜可用于声带癌前病变与早期声门癌的临别诊断,并作为癌变追     

会厌下移一期重建声门治疗声门癌

本文报道用会厌下移一期重建声门术（Ｔｕｃｋｅｒ术）治疗双声带受侵犯的声门癌３１例，结果证明此手术不仅能彻底切除肿瘤，而且能有效的保存喉的发声、呼吸和吞咽保护功能，３年生存率８１．５％（２２／２７），降低了致残率及复发率，改善了患者的生存质量，故认为该术式是治疗双声带受侵的声门癌的一种较理想术式，值得推广使用。     

声门上癌术后颈淋巴结的转移与再发

目的探讨选择性颈廓清术在声门上癌手术治疗中的作用。方法总结１９８１～１９９３年治疗的５８２例声门上癌术后颈淋巴结转移及廓清侧转移淋巴结再发情况。结果Ｔ３、Ｔ４病例３９２例（６７．４％），而Ｔ３Ｎ＋、Ｔ４Ｎ＋１４７例（３７．５％）。Ｔ３、Ｔ４占全组Ｎ＋的８６．５％（１４７／１７０）。Ｎ０未行颈廓清术１２６例，术后发生同侧及双侧颈淋巴结转移３３例，其９０．９％在Ｔ３、Ｔ４组（３０／３３）。Ｎ０行选择性颈廓清术２８６例，术后发生对侧转移４０例，其７５％也在Ｔ３、Ｔ４组（３０／４０）。对二次住院治疗的１６３例进行了随访。二期选择性颈廓清组３、５年生存率为８６．７％及７７．８％，术后转移组及术后再发组分别为６４．８％、３２．５％及３３．３％、３０．８％。组间有明显差异。结论对声门上癌Ｔ３、Ｔ４的Ｎ０病例应行选择性颈廓清术。出现转移后再行颈廓清术者疗效明显下降。声门上癌部分Ｔ２Ｎ０病例（如杓会厌皱襞癌、杓区癌或杓区受累、肿瘤＞２．０ｃｍ、溃疡型、周边呈浸润生长等）也不属早期病例，应行选择性颈廓清术     

声门水平切除胸骨舌骨肌喉功能重建术治疗T2期声门癌

目的：探讨喉部分切除后胸骨舌骨肌喉功能重建对T2期声门癌的疗效。方法：对1992－1998年66例T2期声门癌患者行喉声门水平部分切除术，同时以胸骨舌骨肌重建声带。结果：全部患者术后2－3周均顺利拔管，恢复了呼吸、吞咽和发音的全部喉功能。复发3例，复发率为4．5％；失访3例，3年生存率为97．0％（64／66例），5年生存率为93．8％（45／48）。结论：喉部分切除后胸骨舌骨肌喉功能重建术在保证患者的生存率的同时，提高了患者的生存质量。     

Results of treatment of 584 laryngeal cancers at the Ear-Nose-Throat Clinic of Marburg University

The results in the management of 460 vocal cord carcinomas and 124 supraglottic carcinomas are reported. Of the vocal cord carcinomas, 63.3% were diagnosed in the early Tis and T1 stage. Seventy-six tumors were resected endoscopically, 128 by laryngofissure and chordectomy. Not one of these patients has lost his life, larynx or voice. In bilateral tumors of the T1b category, 2 patients developed local recurrences and lost their larynx. Sixty-two carcinomas of the Tis, T1a and T1b categories were irradiated primarily. Two of these patients died and 14 underwent laryngectomy for local recurrence. In T2 carcinomas a 5-year cure rate of 87.5% was achieved by vertical partial resection. The 5-year cure rate after laryngectomy or laryngectomy with neck dissection for T2N0 and T2N+ carcinoma was 86.2% and 75.0% respectively. Most treatment failures were due to late metastases which could not be controlled. In T3 carcinomas with a 5-year cure rate of 71.4% (N0) and 70.0% (N+) respectively, treatment failures were also mainly seen in patients with N0 necks where we did not carry out a prophylactic neck dissection. Five-year survival rates for primary surgery in supraglottic T1-T4 carcinomas were 100%, 82.4%, 84% and 58.3%. The widely hel opinion that laryngeal carcinoma should only be subjected to surgery for irradiation failure can no longer be sustained. More patients lose their larynx or their life after irradiation of small carcinomas than after primary surgery. Furthermore, too many patients have to undergo two major cancer treatments (irradiation and salvage surgery). In larger carcinomas radiotherapy produces a lower survival rate and too many patients require two stressful cancer therapies. The number of retained larynges is not substantially higher than with primary surgery. Primary irradiation for selected cases should be part of every therapy concept that aims at an adequate and individual treatment of every patient.     

Long-term effects of micronized Alloderm injection for unilateral vocal fold paralysis

OBJECTIVES: Micronized Alloderm (Cymetra) is a relatively new product used for vocal fold augmentation. Previous studies evaluating possible long-term effectiveness of this product have shown mixed results. The objective of this present study is to reassess possible long-term results of Cymetra injection laryngoplasty in patients with unilateral true vocal fold paralysis. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective review of patients with unilateral true vocal fold paralysis who received Cymetra injection laryngoplasty between March 2001 and March 2004. METHODS: Preoperative voice samples and videostroboscopic findings were compared with the most recently available postoperative data to assess efficacy of the procedure. A panel of voice experts analyzed both vocal and vibratory function in these samples. In addition, pre- and postoperative voice-related quality of life measures and patients' self-ratings of voice outcomes were compared. RESULTS: Twenty patients (7 male, 13 female; 14 with left-sided paralysis, 6 with right-sided paralysis) were identified in the study population. Cymetra injection was performed an average of 45.1 months after onset of vocal fold paralysis (range -216 months), and average follow-up postinjection was 11.2 (range -35) months. Comparing pre- and postoperative measures, voice quality (P < .0001), glottal closure (P < .0001), and degree of vocal fold bowing (P < .0001) were all improved by injection. Quality of life measures and patients' self-perceptions of vocal quality were also improved (P < .01). Fifteen (75%) patients showed long-lasting results. Eight patients showed improvement for more than 12 months after injection. CONCLUSION: Cymetra injection laryngoplasty offers improved vocal and vibratory function to patients with unilateral true vocal fold paralysis. The benefits of such medialization may be longer lasting than previously reported, and further long-term study is warranted.     

Epidermoid carcinoma of piriform sinus after chemo-radiotherapy: acoustic evaluation and voice handicap

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this prospective investigation was to analyse the voice and the vocal handicap for patients who received concomitant chemoradiation therapy in piriform sinus epidermoid carcinoma (T2, T3). MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study included two males populations: Twelve patients aged from 48 to 71 years old were evaluated between 6 and 30 months after the end of chemo-radiotherapy and ten normal subjects, matched in age. The evaluation consisted in firstly a vocal recording (vowel and text) allowing an objective acoustic analysis (temporal and frequential parameters) and a perceptive evaluation of the voice quality by means of GRBAS scale. Secondly an evaluation of the quality of life by means of the voice handicap index (VHI). RESULTS: The acoustic parameters of instability for the fundamental frequency (FO) and the maximum phonation time of the patients were statistically different (p <0.05) related to the normal subjects. On the other hand, the FO (patients - 130 Hz, subjects = 121 Hz) as well as the speech rate (patients = 142 words/mn, subject = 148 words/mn) were not statistically different. The perspective indexes showed a deterioration of the vocal quality while the handicap expressed was minor. CONCLUSION: This preliminary study showed the interest of evaluations of the vocal function and the quality of life after chemo-radiotherapy for piriform sinus carcinomas allowing patients to conserve a phonation and eventually the propose a speech therapy.     

The effect of Isshiki type 1 thyroplasty on quality of life and vocal performance

Type 1 thyroplasty for unilateral vocal cord palsy improves many vocal outcome measures but there is little information on quality of life despite its increasingly recognized importance. Our prospective study examined its effect on a range of subjective and objective measures and quality of life. Twenty-seven patients underwent thyroplasty. Before and after surgery they completed a vocal performance questionnaire and the Nottingham Health Profile (NHP); instrumental analyses of jitter, shimmer and noise-harmonic ratio (NHR); and perceptual analyses of grade, roughness, breathiness, aesthenia and strain (GRBAS) were also performed. Significant improvements were found in instrumental, perceptual and self-assessment of voice and the energy, social and emotional dimensions of the NHP. Three patients had initially poor results but were successfully revised. These results of type 1 thyroplasty compare favourably with those previously published. The improvement in quality of life appears to result directly from improved voice. Many thyroplasty patients have limited life expectancy: early surgical intervention should be considered.     

环状软骨上喉部分切除环舌根会厌吻合术保留一侧杓状软骨手术方法及发声的观察

目的：探讨环状软骨上喉部分切除环舌根会厌吻合术中保留一侧杓状软骨的手术方法及在改善患者术后发声的作用。方法：26例双声带受累的声门型喉癌（T1b、T2和T3分别为11、12和3例）病变重侧均行半喉全部切除,病变轻侧声带受累未超过膜部的2／3,离杓状软骨的声带突尚有3mm的安全界,在保留杓状软骨的同时保留该侧甲状软骨板后下1／3,以防喉返神经损伤,从而确保杓状软骨的正常运动。上提修复后的残喉体与舌根、会厌吻合,重建新喉。结果：全部病例术后7～23d内恢复正常饮食。25例拔除气管套管,拔管率为96．2％（25／26）。全部病例恢复了发声功能,术后有不同程度的声嘶,18例发声时有响声,能胜任室内言语交流,言语可被清楚理解;8例发声时响度较低,1m内近距离言语交流无障碍,在安静环境下言语可被清楚理解。术后无咽瘘和肺部并发症,2例局部感染者7d内治愈。术后局部复发率为3．8％（1／26）,颈部淋巴结转移率为3．8％（1／26）。用直接法计算生存率,术后满3年者17例,死亡1例、失访1例,3年生存率为88．2％（15／17）;术后满5年者10例,死亡2例,5年生存率为80．0％（8／10）。结论：经过选择的双声带受累病例,保留一侧杓状软骨有助于改善患者术后发声质量。杓状软骨主动的前内方向运动和会厌的相向运动可能是发声质量得以改善的原因。     

Vertical partial laryngectomy: our results after treating 81 cases of T2 and T3 laryngeal carcinomas.

From 1976 to 1989, 81 patients with T2 and T3 laryngeal carcinomas were treated with vertical patrial laryngectomy at the University ENT Department of Thessaloniki, Greece. All patients were male with a median age of 56 years (33-71 years). Four patients had N1 lymph nodes. Ten patients received post-operative radiotherapy. Seventeen patients developed local recurrences or distant metastases. Mean follow-up was more than seven years. Absolute three-year survival was 94.6 per cent for 74 patients and absolute five-year survival was 89.6 per cent for 58 patients. Actuarial five-year survival of the whole group of 81 patients was 91 per cent calculated with the Kaplan-Meier method. Recurrence rate and survival of stage II and III patients are also discussed and compared using the log-rank test. We conclude that vertical partial laryngectomy is a very successful treatment selection for T2 glottic and false vocal cord carcinomas and for some selected T3 glottic lesions.     

Phonetic effects of paralytic dysphonia

OBJECTIVES: This study was performed to determine whether and how unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP) affects the production and perception of voiced stop consonants as compared with unvoiced stops, and to analyze the phonetic effects of UVFP on the voicing feature. METHODS: Phonetic constructs pronounced by 7 male patients with UVFP and 5 normal male subjects were recorded. The 432 speech tokens consisted of intervocalic, prevocalic, and postvocalic stop consonants (/p/, /t/, /k/, /b/, /d/, /g/) in the vowel contexts /a/ and /i/. Perceptual consonant identification testing was performed with 5 voice and speech professionals as listeners. The type and frequency of errors made in consonant identification were analyzed. Spectrographic analysis was used to analyze acoustic cues. RESULTS: The rate of correct consonant identification was significantly lower for tokens pronounced by patients with UVFP (77.3% versus 97.6%, p = .0001) because of incorrect identification of the voiced consonants, frequently perceived as their unvoiced homologues. Confusion between dental and alveolar place of articulation for unvoiced stops was also noted. CONCLUSIONS: Unilateral vocal fold paralysis alters the voiced-unvoiced stop consonant distinction and the dental-palatal stop consonant distinction in an experimental nonspeech context. This finding implies the existence of a phonetic handicap for patients with UVFP. Further studies should determine the effects of UVFP on global speech intelligibility.     

Bipedicled strap muscle transposition for vocal fold deficit after laser cordectomy in early glottic cancer patients

OBJECTIVE: In treating early glottic carcinomas, the outcomes of endoscopic laser cordectomy have been proven to be valuable in local control, survival, and vocal function preservation. In some extended cases, however, laser cordectomy may leave patients with poor vocal function because of vocal fold deficit. This work assesses the vocal outcome of medialization laryngoplasty with bipedicled strap muscle transposition for vocal fold deficit resulting from laser cordectomy in early glottic cancer patients. STUDY DESIGN: A prospective clinical series. METHODS: Thirteen early glottic cancer patients who had vocal fold deficit caused by previous laser cordectomy underwent medialization laryngoplasty with bipedicled strap muscle transposition. The thyroid lamina on the cordectomy side was paramedially separated. The inner perichondrium was circumspectly raised from the overlying thyroid cartilage. After separating the thyrohyoid and cricothyroid membranes, the lamina was retracted laterally. A bipedicled strap muscle flap was then transposed into the area between the lamina and the paraglottic soft tissue. The thyroid cartilages were carefully sutured back in position. All patients received pre- and postoperative voice assessments comprising laryngostroboscopy and vocal function studies. RESULTS: Vocal enhancement was present in 92% (12/13) of patients after medialization laryngoplasty with strap muscle transposition. The glottal closure and maximal phonation time were noticeably improved by surgery. No dyspnea or other significant complications were observed in any patients. CONCLUSION: The outcomes show that bipedicled strap muscle transposition is a prosthesis-free, safe, and valuable laryngoplastic technique for correcting glottal incompetence caused by endoscopic laser cordectomy in early glottic cancer patients.     

表面麻醉支撑喉镜喉显微手术治疗声带良性病变

目的:探讨喉显微手术治疗声带良性病变的效果及麻醉选择。方法:手术在1%丁卡因表面麻醉支撑喉镜下进行,采用普通手术显微镜连接300mm焦距镜头观察病变。结果:872例中声带息肉353例,声带小结438例,声带囊肿81例,851例完成手术,697例1次治愈,总有效率为96.9%。结论:青、壮年患者,无明显心血管疾病,可选择表面麻醉手术,表面麻醉并发症少,恢复快,支撑喉镜下显微手术清除病变彻底。