Primary hyperparathyroidism presenting as a brown tumor in the mandible: A case report

A brown tumor is a non-neoplastic lesion resulting from an abnormality of bone metabolism in the context of hyperparathyroidism.We report the case of a 51-year-old woman who initially consulted for edentulism and a growing mandibular mass. She benefited from a radiological and biological assessment which made the diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism combined with a parathyroid adenoma.We remind through this observation the difficulty to establish a correct diagnosis in patients with an osteolytic process of the maxilla and the necessity to look for hyperparathyroidism in front of a giant cell lesion given the insidious character of this endocrinopathy.     

Primary esophageal lymphoma in immunocompetent patients: Two case reports and literature review

Primary lymphoma that involves the esophagus is very rare, with fewer than 30 cases reported in the English-language literature. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma accounts for most of the cases. Esophageal lymphomas have varied radiological appearances, which poses diagnostic difficulty. We report two cases of histopathologically confirmed primary diffuse large B-cell esophageal lymphoma and describe their radiological features, and briefly review the literature.     

Primary pericardial mesothelioma: a case report

The imaging features of primary pericardial mesothelioma have rarely been described. Herein we present a case report of its diagnostic-pathologic features. Chest computed tomography (CT) revealed an irregularly enhanced mass occupying the entire pericardial space and surrounding the superior vena cava. At autopsy, the tumor was found to fill the pericardial space completely, and to extend to the superior vena cava through the superior pericardial sinus. The CT features of the tumor were correlated well with those revealed at autopsy, and provided satisfactory information regarding the presence and the extension of the tumor.     

Challenges of interpreting the musculoskeletal manifestation of lymphoma: A case report

BackgroundPrimary Bone Lymphoma can be challenging to interpret even for the experienced reviewer. This case demonstrates the subtle multimodality appearances encountered.Case summarya gentleman in his late 70s with one week history of groin pain underwent plain radiography and subsequent further imaging. Only following biopsy was the diagnosis of primary bone lymphoma made for which the patient has received successful treatment.ConclusionThis case demonstrates the difficulties in identifying lymphoma when seen within the musculoskeletal system. It also provides opportunity to reflect on the importance of initial imaging, good quality history and understanding of differentials.     

Radiographic enlargement of mandibular canal as first feature of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma

Non-Hodgkin''s lymphoma has the propensity to affect non-lymphoid tissue including oral tissue. Primary non-Hodgkin''s lymphoma of the mandible mistreated as chronic periodontitis with diffuse enlargement of the mandibular canal and ice-cold numbness is very rarely described in English medical literature. A 57-year-old patient presented with a painful swelling on the left side of the mandible with a clinically chronic periodontitis associated with ice-cold numbness. A panoramic radiograph showed a diffuse uniform enlargement of the mandibular canal. Histological examination showed that the lesion was a primary intraosseous non-Hodgkin''s lymphoma of the mandible. Immunohistochemical examination showed a positive reaction for CD20+, Ki-67+. Seven months after chemotherapy the patient was observed for possible life-threatening propagation of the disease. In conclusion, primary (extra-nodal) non-Hodgkin''s lymphoma of the mandible usually clinically presents with bone swelling, teeth mobility and neurological disturbance. Radiographic features presenting as diffuse enlargement of the mandibular canal could be considered as non-Hodgkin''s lymphoma.     

Primary pancreatic lymphoma-diagnosed on computed tomography: A rare case report.

Primary pancreatic lymphoma is a rare disease. It comprises less than 0.5 % of pancreatic neoplasm and 0.1% of malignant lymphoma. It should be differentiated from pancreatic adenocarcinoma because management differs. At computed tomography, 2 types of morphology of primary pancreatic lymphoma have been described- a localized well-circumscribed tumoral form and another diffuse enlargement infiltrating or replacing most of the pancreatic gland. Here, we are presenting computed tomography (CT) imaging features of a case of primary pancreatic lymphoma in a 27 year old female who presented with a complaint of abdominal pain radiating to the back for 3 months and yellowish discoloration of sclera and skin for the last 15 days. In contrast-enhanced computed tomography an exophytic homogenously hypoenhancing mass arising from head and neck region of pancreas was seen. Involvement of common bile duct (CBD) and duodenum was there. The main pancreatic duct was not dilated. Common hepatic artery was encased by mass without arterial luminal narrowing or distortion. Diagnosis of primary pancreatic lymphoma was suggested on basis of imaging findings and further confirmed with fine-needle aspiration cytology.     

Assessment of tumour invasion into the mandible: the value of different imaging techniques

In oral carcinomas close to the mandible, tumour invasion of the mandible is important in selecting segmental or marginal resection. Imaging may play a role in assessing tumour invasion. This study compares the accuracy of panoramic X-ray, CT and MR imaging in assessing invasion of the mandible in 29 patients. At histopathology, 6 patients had mandible erosion, 12 had invasion and 11 had an intact mandible. Magnetic resonance imaging had the highest sensitivity (94 %), but a low specificity (73 %), with 3 of 11 intact mandibles interpreted as positive. Furthermore, MR often overestimated the extent of tumour invasion. On the other hand, CT and panoramic X-ray had a lower sensitivity (64 and 63 %, respectively) and a higher specificity (89 and 90 %, respectively). Computed tomography (using 5-mm sections) and panoramic X-ray had a similar accuracy, and negative findings do not exclude invasion. Magnetic resonance imaging was the most sensitive technique but had more false positives and frequently overestimated the extent of tumour invasion. Because none of the radiological techniques are accurate enough, clinical examination seems at present to remain the most important modality in deciding between segmental and marginal resection. Tumour invasion at CT or panoramic X-ray is a strong argument for a segmental resection. Received 23 December 1997; Revision received 12 March 1998; Accepted 20 March 1998     

Primary lymphoma of the skull base

This case demonstrates the rare finding of a primary malignant lymphoma of the frontobasis and ethmoidal cells in a patient presenting with progressive loss of vision. Computed tomography and MRI demonstrated a homogenously enhancing tumour with extensive bony destructions of the skull base. After transsphenoidal biopsy, histology revealed a highly malignant primary B-cell lymphoma. The patient was further treated with immunochemotherapy. Tissue diagnosis is, therefore, crucial before a definitive therapy is instituted.     

Primary tuberculous osteomyelitis of the mandible: a case report

A 10-year-old female child presented with a gradually increasing swelling of 2 months' duration on the left side of her face. The history given by the guardian was not very specific. However, the history revealed possible contact between the child and a tuberculous patient. The initial clinical and radiological evaluation indicated either a chronic residual dentoalveolar abscess, tuberculosis (TB) of the mandible or a malignancy. Routine laboratory investigations were grossly unremarkable with only the erythrocyte sedimentation rate being mildly raised. Further investigations were carried out, including a purified protein derivative test, chest screening, sputum examination, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for HIV and abdominal ultrasound, which were all negative. CT of the mandible showed a soft tissue mass in the submandibular region with an osteolytic lesion in the body of the mandible on the left side, and fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) showed the presence of a tuberculoid granuloma. FNAC, along with the clinical and radiographic findings and history, led to the diagnosis of primary TB of the mandible. Although FNAC is not as effective as an actual biopsy, it is often adequate for diagnosis and avoids a major surgical operation, which would be required for obtaining tissue for a biopsy. This case emphasises the role of proper history taking, diagnostic work-up and management. It also draws attention to the literature pertaining to the diagnosis of TB based on FNAC, especially in TB endemic areas where sophisticated tests such as the polymerase chain reaction are either unavailable or unaffordable.     

累及双侧动眼神经的原发性弥漫性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤一例

患者男,53岁,因头痛、头晕4 d于2007年12月22日入院.于入院前4 d无明显诱因出现全头胀痛,头痛剧烈时伴头晕、冷汗、伴恶心、非喷射性呕吐,呕吐物为非咖啡样胃内容物,伴视物模糊、复视、左侧耳鸣、听力下降,无发热.1 d前头痛加重,伴意识模糊,对答不切题,拟"头痛"收治.既往:无特殊.体检:体温36.6℃,血压146/84/mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa),神志清楚,浅表淋巴结未触及肿大,双瞳孔等大等圆,直径3 mm,对光灵敏,双侧视乳头边界不清,无出血,双眼外展露白、复视,无眼震,鼻唇沟对称,伸舌居中,颈软,心肺腹部无异常,四肢肌力、肌张力、腱反射正常,脑膜刺激征、病理征阴性,共济、感觉检查无异常.     

原发性脑膜淋巴瘤一例

患者女,61岁,无明显诱因间断四肢抽搐伴意识丧失3年余,自服药物治疗,效果不佳.患者自发病以来,无恶心、呕吐,无大小便失禁,无恶性肿瘤病史.体检:神智清楚,语言流利,伸舌居中,双侧肢体肌张力正常,肌力V级,Babinski征阴性.皮层脑电图显示:右额区痫性放电.脑脊液检查:生化指标基本正常,未见瘤细胞.     

Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in McKusick syndrome. A case report

The McKusick syndrome in a female who developed highly malignant lymphoma at the age of 23, with multiple parenchymal lesions involving both kidneys, the lungs and the pancreas and also splenomegaly but without lymphadenopathy, is described together with diagnostic imaging findings. McKusick syndrome is associated with impaired cell-mediated immunity and might, like several other similar syndromes, harbor an increased risk of certain types of lymphoma. To our knowledge, there are no previous reports of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in a patient with McKusick syndrome. The increased incidence of lymphoma in certain cases of congenital immunodeficiency raises the issue of a possible relationship between McKusick syndrome and lymphoma and could perhaps serve as one of the primary steps for a further characterization of this syndrome.     

Primary mediastinal myelolipoma: a case report

Myelolipomas are rare, benign tumors, usually occurring in the adrenal cortex and in various extraadrenal locations. They are composed of mature fat cells and foci of normal hematopoietic elements. Primary mediastinal myelolipomas are very rare, with only a few cases reported in the literature. We discuss a case of myelolipoma in the anterior mediastinum, which surprisingly turned out to be adherent to the superior vena cava during surgical resection. Radiologic findings of myelolipomas on CT examination and differential diagnoses of fatty thoracic masses are discussed. Correspondence to: R. Wyttenbach     

Unusual presentation of extranodal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in the head and neck: description of a case with emphasis on radiographic features and review of the literature

A very unusual radiographic presentation of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) involving the maxilla is described. The patient was initially managed with antibiotics prescribed to treat what was thought to represent an odontogenic infection. After unsuccessful antibiotic therapy, the patient was referred to an oral surgery clinic where CBCT was performed. CBCT revealed an atypical generalized sclerosis of the affected bone rather than the usual lytic radiographic pattern associated with NHL. Destruction of the sinus floor with infiltration of the sinus was also present. This rare radio-opaque radiographic presentation is described in detail together with the clinical presentation and histopathological findings. The important radiographic features suggesting malignancy that were present in this atypical case of NHL are discussed. A differential diagnosis highlighting the differences between NHL, osteomyelitis and osteosarcoma is also provided.     

双侧肾上腺及垂体非霍奇金淋巴瘤的诊断(附1例报告)

目的探讨双侧肾上腺及垂体非霍奇金淋巴瘤的诊断思路。方法回顾性分析1例以发热和顽固性低钠血症为首发表现的双侧肾上腺及垂体非霍奇金淋巴瘤,并通过复习相关文献,总结双侧肾上腺及垂体非霍奇金淋巴瘤的诊治经验。结果本例患者临床表现缺乏特异性,实验室检查未发现感染和自身免疫性疾病的证据,但血清乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、β2微球蛋白异常升高,CT引导下穿刺活检证实为双侧肾上腺非霍奇金淋巴瘤。患者进一步行内分泌功能检测显示垂体前叶功能减退,氟-18标记的氟代脱氧葡萄糖正电子断层显像-CT(18F-FDGPET-CT)扫描发现垂体、肝脏和颈部淋巴结等均已浸润。给予氢化可的松治疗后,顽固性低钠血症得到纠正,CHOP方案治疗3个疗程后垂体和肾上腺病变消失,3个月后垂体和肾上腺功能恢复正常。结论双侧肾上腺及垂体非霍奇金淋巴瘤非常罕见,正确的诊断思维和18F-FDGPET-CT扫描技术的应用有助于临床的早期诊断。     

原发性肺淋巴瘤11例临床分析

目的 探讨原发性肺淋巴瘤(PPL)的临床特点、诊断和治疗方法.方法 收集解放军总医院1997～2006年间经病理证实的PPL患者11例,回顾性总结并结合文献对其临床表现、影像学特征、组织病理学特点、支气管镜下表现、诊断及治疗方法进行分析.结果 PPL为少见病,临床症状表现不典型,很难确诊.主要症状为咳嗽、胸闷、发热等.影像学可见单发、多发结节,毛玻璃影,纤维条索影以及实变影,可重叠出现,多伴支气管充气征.纤维支气管镜下一般无明显异常改变.PPL需要通过手术或在CT引导下经皮肺穿刺取得病灶组织后,结合其病理学和免疫组化检查结果才能确诊.治疗以手术和化疗为主,低度恶性者预后良好.结论 PPL临床表现不典型,易误诊,确诊依赖于病理组织学检查,手术或术后辅以化疗可取得较满意疗效.     

Primary splenic lymphoma on top of intrahepatic splenosis: A unique case report

Solid organ splenosis is a challenging diagnosis with many atypical imaging features that can overlap with neoplastic masses of the affected organ. We present a sporadic case of intrahepatic splenosis in a 68-year-old woman with transformation into a low-grade B cell lymphoma. Initial cross-sectional imaging suggested focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) ruled out on contrast-enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) using a hepatobiliary-specific contrast agent. A Tc-99m sulfur colloid scan was negative. The final diagnosis was confirmed by a needle-guided biopsy revealing intrahepatic splenosis with transformation into a low-grade B cell lymphoma.     

Multiple hepatic angiolipomas: a case report and review of literature

Follow-up of two hepatic angiolipomas in a patient without evidence of tuberous sclerosis is reported. Initially, the lesions presented as homogenously enhancing masses, which were nearly isodense to normal liver tissue on plain CT scans. Focal nodular hyperplasia was assumed. One year later, fat was detected in the growing tumors and percutaneous core biopsy revealed hepatic angiolipomas. Natural history of these rare lesions is unknown, and this is to the best of our knowledge the first observation of fatty metamorphosis in such a benign, mesenchymal hepatic neoplasm. Received: 8 October 1997; Revision received: 19 March 1998; Accepted: 11 May 1998     

Primary hepatic lymphoma: report of a pediatric case

Primary non Hodgkin's lymphoma of the liver is a very rare entity, compared with secondary hepatic lymphomatous involvement. It is exceptional in children. The authors report the case of a 9 year-old boy, who presents a primary hepatic lymphoma and review the role of medical imaging for diagnosis and follow-up.