两种间歇短程化疗方案对初治涂阳肺结核近远期疗效观察

本文报道杭州市１９８５～１９８９年市区２２９例初治涂阳肺结核病人，在不住院全程监督或全程管理下，采用２Ｓ３Ｈ３Ｒ３Ｚ３／４Ｈ３Ｒ３（ＤＬ１）和２ＳＨＲＺ／４Ｈ２Ｒ２（ＤＬ１）两种间歇短程化疗（短化）方案治疗。疗程结束痰菌阴转率分别为９７．７％及９９．０％，３年随访复发率为２．４％及３．０％。两方案疗效差异无显著性。认为①６个月间歇短化服药７８～９４次，节省了费用，减少了管理次数值得推广。②原发ＲＦＰ耐药者疗效差，宜改变方案。③全程管理化疗如认真按规范实施，可取得与全程监督管理相似的效果。     

两种间歇短程化疗方案对初治涂阳肺结核近远期疗效观察

本文报道杭州市１９８５－１９８９年市区２２９例初治涂阳肺结核病人，在不住院全程监督或全程管理下，采用２Ｓ３Ｈ３Ｒ３Ｚ３／４Ｈ３Ｒ３（ＤＬ１）和２ＳＨＲＺ／４Ｈ２Ｒ２（ＤＬ１）两种间歇短程化疗（短化）方案治疗。疗程结束痰菌阴转率分别为９７．７％及９９．０％，３年随访复发率为２．４％及３．０％，两方案疗效差异无显著性。认为（１）６个月间歇短化服药７８－９４次，节省了费用，减少了管理次数值得推广。（２）     

全程督导短程间歇化疗方案治疗涂阳肺结核近远期效果观察

目的观察全程督导短程间歇化疗方案治疗涂阳肺结核的疗效。方法对１２５例初治和２４９例复治涂阳肺结核患者，分别采用２Ｈ３Ｒ３Ｚ３Ｓ３（Ｅ３）／４Ｈ３Ｒ３（异烟肼：Ｈ，利福平：Ｒ，吡嗪酰胺：Ｅ，链霉素：Ｓ，乙胺丁醇：Ｅ）和２Ｈ３Ｒ３Ｚ３Ｓ３Ｅ３／６Ｈ３Ｒ３Ｅ３化疗方案，实施全程督导化疗、管理。结果总完成治疗率为９９．７％；初、复治患者满疗程痰菌转阴率分别为９６．７％和８４．８％；经３年随访，细菌学复发率初治患者为１．８％，复治患者为１０．２％。结论全程督导短程间歇化疗方案对控制结核病具有简便、经济和高效的实用价值。     

全程间歇短程不住院全面督化疗的实施效果：（1987—1990）

报道顺义县农村于１９８７～１９９０年，在不住院全面监督管理下，采用２Ｓ３Ｈ３Ｒ３Ｚ３／４Ｓ３Ｈ３Ｒ３和２Ｈ３Ｒ３Ｚ３／４Ｈ３Ｒ３两种全程间歇化疗方案，对３０３例痰涂片阳性肺病例的治疗效果。疗程结束两方方案疗效无显著差异，分别达到９９．４％及９７．７％的痰菌菌阴转率，１年随防复发率２．４％。认为，全间歇６个月方案服药次数仅９０次，病人乐于接受，给监化的村医生也减少了工作量，但须在严格的监督下进行，方     

梗阻性黄疸内毒素血症与细胞免疫功能的关系

目的研究梗阻性黄疸免疫功能及其与内毒素血症的相关性．方法检测２８例梗阻性黄疸患者及２０例健康对照者血清内毒素，Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群及血清ＳＩＬ２Ｒ的水平．结果梗阻性黄疸患者血清内毒素和ＳＩＬ２Ｒ水平较对照组明显升高（４７０ｎｇ／Ｌ±１１３ｎｇ／Ｌ和７２５ｋＵ／Ｌ±２０１ｋＵ／Ｌｖｓ２８４ｎｇ／Ｌ±１０３ｎｇ／Ｌ和３２４ｋＵ／Ｌ±１１６ｋＵ／Ｌ，Ｐ＜００１），Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群ＣＤ３，ＣＤ４，ＣＤ４／ＣＤ８明显降低（５０４％±３３％和２９９％±３８％ｖｓ６３８％±４４％和３８３％±２８％，Ｐ＜００１；１２２±０３２ｖｓ１４３±０３７，Ｐ＜００５），同时亦发现梗阻性黄疸内毒素血症组较非内毒素血症组ＣＤ３，ＣＤ４水平明显减低，ＳＩＬ２Ｒ水平明显升高（４７４％±５１％和２７６％±５２％和８６７ｋＵ／Ｌ±２３１ｋＵ／Ｌｖｓ５２３％±５２％和３１２％±４３％和６７４ｋＵ／Ｌ±１８９ｋＵ／Ｌ，Ｐ＜００５）．相关分析显示血清内毒素水平与血清ＳＩＬ２Ｒ水平呈显著正相关（ｒ＝０８５１７，Ｐ＜００１）．结论梗阻性黄疸时内毒素血症与免疫功能状态密切相关．     

初治菌阳病例短程化疗对武汉市疫情控制的作用

本文总结武汉城区１９８７～１９９０年新登１１５４例初治菌阳肺结核采用２ＨＲＳＺ／４ＨＲ、２ＨＲＳＺ／４Ｈ＿２Ｒ＿２Ｚ＿２短程化疗方案效果。疗程完成率、规则用药率分别为９９．１％及９８．４％，失访率仅１．４％；痰菌阴转率、治愈率为９６．３％、９５．８％。随着实施短化比例的增高，使菌阳治愈速度加快，Ｐ／Ｉ值由１．１缩小至０．９７，１９８４、１９８９年流行病学断面调查，涂阳患病率以每年８％的速度递降。     

肺结核病人全程间歇短程化疗方案远期疗效分析

１９９１年９月～１９９４年１２月间我省对不住院初治涂阳肺结核病人进行了短程化疗实施性研究工作，应用２Ｒ３Ｈ３Ｚ３Ｅ３／４Ｒ３Ｈ３全程间歇短程化疗方案，采取全程督导治疗管理措施，共选例３８１例，初期观察结果报告效果是令人满意的，病人痰菌阴转率达到９７．９％。我们对满疗程３７３例临床治愈病人进行了２年随访观察，细菌学复发和Ｘ线复发率分别为１．４％和１．１％，总复发率为２．５％。本结果证实，采用全程间歇６个月短程化疗方案是合理有效的，只要措施得力，疗效是无可置疑的，并便于基层全程监督化疗使用。     

利福喷丁在脊椎结核短程化疗中应用

７例初治脊椎结核采用２ＳＨＲＺ／６Ｈ３Ｚ３Ｌ１＋手术，和２ＳＨＲＺ／５Ｈ３Ｚ３Ｌ１＋手术两方案治疗。在强化期行病灶清除术，巩固期以利福喷丁代替利福平，药物副反应较低，其中８例获得随访２２－４２个月，平均３年，疗效满意。     

不同化疗方案治疗老年人急性髓系白血病疗效观察

４５例老年人急性髓系白血病经不同化疗方案治疗，ＨＡ方案剂量个体化组治疗１９例，完全缓解（ＣＲ）率５２６％；ＤＡ方案组治疗８例，ＣＲ率５０％；ＨＯＡＰ方案组治疗９例，ＣＲ率４４４％；小剂量阿糖胞苷（ＬＤＡｒａＣ）组治疗９例，ＣＲ率１１１％。ＨＡ方案剂量个体化组ＣＲ率显著高于ＬＤＡｒａＣ组（Ｐ＜００５）。骨髓抑制的发生率和治疗相关病死率分别为３６８％和５６％（ＨＡ）、７５％和３７５％（ＤＡ）、４４４％和２２２％（ＨＯＡＰ）、３３３％和１１１％（ＬＤＡｒａＣ），ＤＡ方案组治疗相关病死率显著高于ＨＡ方案剂量个体化组（Ｐ＜００２５）。联合化疗治疗３６例，ＣＲ率为５０％，高于单用ＬＤＡｒａＣ组（Ｐ＜００５），骨髓抑制发生率为４７２％（１７／３６），治疗相关病死率为１６７％（６／３６），同ＬＤＡｒａＣ组比较无显著性（Ｐ＞００５）。     

乌体林斯治疗菌阳肺结核的临床观察

目的 观察和评价化疗并用乌体林斯治疗菌阳肺结核的疗效。方法 将１９１例初、复治菌阳肺结核患者随机分为Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ、Ｄ组，Ａ、Ｃ组（各５０例）分别采用２Ｈ３Ｒ３Ｚ３Ｓ３／４Ｈ３Ｒ３和２Ｈ３Ｒ３Ｚ３Ｅ３Ｓ３／６Ｈ３Ｒ３Ｅ３加乌体林斯方案治疗；Ｂ组（４６例）、Ｄ组（４５例）单纯用２Ｈ３Ｒ３Ｚ３Ｓ３／４Ｈ３Ｒ３和２Ｈ３Ｒ３Ｚ３Ｅ３Ｓ３／６Ｈ３Ｒ３Ｅ３方案治疗。观察治疗后肺部病灶吸收，痰菌阴转情况。结果 ２月     

不同疗程含异烟肼、利福平方案对尘肺结核近远期疗效观察

目的探讨以ＨＲ为主不同疗程化疗方案对菌阳尘肺结核的近远期疗效。方法将７９例菌阳病例分为９月组（Ｍ９：２ＳＨＲＺ／７ＨＲＥ）、１２月组（Ｍ１２：２ＳＨＲＺ／１０ＨＲＥ）、１８月组（Ｍ１８：２ＳＨＲＺ／１０ＨＲＥ／６ＨＲ），分别采用不同方案治疗。疗效考核以痰菌为主要依据。满疗程随访５～８年。结果Ｍ９、Ｍ１２、Ｍ１８组满疗程痰菌阴转率分别为８３％、９６％、９５％，随访期间痰菌复阳率分别为４１％、４％、５％，其中随访１～４年痰菌复阳率分别为６％、８％、２％、２％，第５～８年无复阳病例。结论１２月方案（２ＳＨＲＺ／１０ＨＲＥ）对复治菌阳尘肺结核有效；随访时间以４～５年为宜。     

Assessment of a combined preparation of isoniazid, rifampicin and pyrazinamide (Rifater) in the initial phase of chemotherapy in three 6-month regimens for smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis: a five-year follow-up report.

SETTING: Singapore Tuberculosis Service. OBJECTIVE: To assess the acceptability, efficacy and relapse rate of a combined formulation of three drugs--isoniazid, rifampicin and pyrazinamide (Rifater)--given in the initial phase of chemotherapy in three 6-month regimens (2SHRZ/4H3R3, 1SHRZ/5H3R3 and 2HRZ/4H3R3) under direct observation for all patients. DESIGN: A randomised, controlled, unblinded study comparing a group of patients treated with Rifater and another given the three component drugs as separate formulations. RESULTS: The 310 patients admitted to the study were divided into two groups of 155 patients. The frequency of side effects was similar in both groups. Of 271 patients with drug-sensitive strains who had completed treatment without interruption, sputum cultures converted in all patients. At the end of 5 years, there were 15 relapses: three (2.2%) in the separate drugs group and 12 (9.3%) in the Rifater group. Exclusion of two cases in the Rifater group, one with silicotuberculosis and another with no bacteriological confirmation of diagnosis, gave a relapse rate of 7.9% (P = 0.03 for the comparison of relapse rates in the two groups). CONCLUSION: A combined formulation of three drugs given daily in the initial phase of 6-month short-course therapy, followed by intermittent treatment with isoniazid and rifampicin given three times a week under direct observation for all patients, appears to be less effective than treatment with the component drugs given as separate formulations.     

含链毒素和含乙胺丁醇方案的对比研究

目的探讨２Ｅ３Ｈ３Ｒ３Ｚ３／４Ｈ３Ｒ３（简称含ＥＭＢ方案）和２Ｓ３Ｈ３Ｒ３Ｚ３／４Ｈ３Ｒ３（简称含ＳＭ方案）在结核病控制工作中的利弊。方法以河北省石家庄市为研究现场，采用回顾、现况和前瞻性研究方法。结果含ＳＭ和含ＥＭＢ方案在疗效、复发率和全程督导上无显著性差异；含ＥＭＢ方案适用性高于含ＳＭ方案；ＳＭ的副作用明显高于ＥＭＢ；链霉素皮试阳性率为４．５％；使用ＳＭ费用高于使用ＥＭＢ８４％；基层消毒合格率为４２．９％，ＳＭ注射不安全；患者更愿意接受含ＥＭＢ方案。结论含ＥＭＢ方案比含ＳＭ方案更适宜于在结核病控制规划中推行。     

Five year results of a 3-month and two 5-month regimens for the treatment of sputum-positive pulmonary tuberculosis in south India

A controlled study of three short-course regimens was undertaken in South Indian patients with newly diagnosed, sputum-positive pulmonary tuberculosis. The patients were allocated at random to one of three regimens: a) Rifampicin, streptomycin, isoniazid and pyrazinamide daily for 3 months (R3); b) the same regimen as above but followed by streptomycin, isoniazid and pyrazinamide twice-weekly for a further period of 2 months (R5); c) the same as R5 but without rifampicin (Z5). A bacteriological relapse requiring treatment occurred by 5 years in 16.8% of 113 R3, 5.2% of 97 R5, and 20.0% of 115 Z5 patients with organisms sensitive to streptomycin and isoniazid initially. The differences in the relapse rates between the R3 and R5 regimens and the R5 and Z5 regimens were statistically significant (p less than 0.01 for both). Considering patients with organisms initially resistant to streptomycin or isoniazid or both, 7 of 52 patients (4 R3, 2 R5, 1 Z5) had a bacteriological relapse requiring retreatment.     

结核病控制项目中初治涂阳重症肺结核的认定和方案选择

目的 对结核病控制项目中重症肺结核进行不同方案的治愈率和复发率的比较分析.方法对Ⅰ组3 HREZ/6HRE、Ⅱ组3H2R2E2Z2/6H2R2E2、Ⅲ组2HREZ/4HR和Ⅳ组2H2R2E2Z2/4H2R2方案进行组间分层分析比较.评价痰菌阴转率、治愈率、复发率和不良反应.结果(1)强化期痰菌阴转和疗程结束痰菌阴转情况:Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组痰菌阴转优于Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组;(2)强化期结束和疗程结束X线吸收情况:Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组X线吸收优于Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组;(3)3年内细菌学复发Ⅰ组和Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组存在显著性差异;(4)不良反应各组无差异.结论 结控项目中重症肺结核9个月方案疗效明显优于6个月方案.     

Comparative clinical trial of four regimens of dihydroartemisinin-mefloquine in multidrug-resistant falciparum malaria

We conducted a randomized, comparative trial at the Bangkok Hospital for Tropical Diseases during 1996-98 to evaluate the clinical efficacy and tolerability of four combination regimens of dihydroartemisinin-mefloquine. 207 male patients aged 18-25 years, weighing 49.3-55.1 kg were randomized to receive a single oral dose of 300 mg dihydroartemisinin plus one or two doses of mefloquine as follows: regimen I (n = 26): 750 mg mefloquine concurrently, or regimen II (n = 22): 750 mg mefloquine 24 h later, or regimen III (n = 78): 750 and 500 mg mefloquine at 24 and 30 h, or regimen IV (n = 81): 750 and 500 mg mefloquine (at 0 and 24 h). All patients improved clinically within 24 h of initiation of treatment. The initial therapeutic response was rapid and identical in all treatment groups (median PCT vs. FCT: 36 vs. 24, 36 vs. 28, 36 vs. 26, and 34 vs. 26 h, for regimen I, II, III and IV, respectively). All combination regimens generally showed acceptable tolerability profiles. Compliance with follow-up (42 days) was achieved by 86.5% (179 cases). Recrudescent parasitaemia was significantly higher in patients treated with low-dose mefloquine combinations (regimens I, II:8/23, 9/16) than in those who received high-dose mefloquine (regimens III, IV: 2/70, 3/70). No RII or RIII type of response was observed. There were no significant differences in susceptibility to mefloquine between primary and recrudescent isolates. Dose-adjusted whole blood mefloquine concentrations were significantly higher in high-dose mefloquine regimens (III and IV). Patients who vomited within the first hour of mefloquine administration had markedly lower whole blood mefloquine concentrations than those who did not vomit.     

Replacement of streptomycin by ethambutol in the intensive phase of tuberculosis treatment: no effect on compliance.

SETTING: Seven tuberculosis clinics in the National Tuberculosis Programme of Madagascar. OBJECTIVE: To compare the treatment efficacy and tolerance of regimens including either streptomycin or ethambutol for patient compliance during initial treatment of smear-positive tuberculosis. DESIGN: The 1023 patients included in the study were randomly divided into two treatment groups-one to receive streptomycin (S), isoniazid (H), rifampicin (R) and pyrazinamide (Z) (SHRZ), and the other to receive EHRZ, where streptomycin was replaced by ethambutol (E). During the 2-month intensive phase, drug delivery was completely supervised. The same 6-month continuation regimen was then given in both groups. Follow-up consisted of a clinical and bacteriological examination at the end of the second, fifth and eighth months. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the two regimens as regards compliance with treatment, the number of patients lost or who died, or for bacteriological response during the intensive phase. EHRZ was better tolerated. During the continuation phase, the results of the two groups remained comparable, but treatment failures occurred earlier in the patients who had received streptomycin. CONCLUSION: Patient compliance was not better with streptomycin. The ethambutol-containing regimen was as efficient as the other, and better tolerated. There is no argument for preferring streptomycin in the intensive phase of treatment of smear-positive tuberculosis.     

Relapses in paucibacillary patients after treatment with three short-term regimens containing rifampin

Three multidrug regimens all containing rifampin and dapsone have been tried for the treatment of 278 cases of paucibacillary leprosy. Regimen I was the one recommended by the WHO Study Group. Regimen II was the same as Regimen I with depsone alone continued for a further 6 months. Regimen III was the same as Regimen II but rifampin was given daily for the first 7 days. The patients were comparable with regard to disease classification, lepromin status, bacteriological status, and number of lesions. As reported earlier, the disease inactivity rates by 1 year of treatment were much greater with Regimens II and III than with Regimen I (94% and 97% vs 76%). Early reaction was seen in 6% of those in Regimen III and in none in Regimens I and II. Late reaction was observed in 9% of those in Regimen I and none in Regimens II and III. During 3 1/2 years of follow up, 13% of the cases in Regimen I, 1% in Regimen II, and 2% in Regimen III relapsed. Since the patients in the three regimens were otherwise comparable, it is concluded that the high inactivity rate, low relapse rate (1%-2%), and no early or late reaction as observed in Regimen II patients were because of adequate treatment.     

肝移植治疗原发性肝癌

目的评价原位肝移植治疗原发性肝癌的疗效和受体选择,探讨原位肝移植在原发性肝癌治疗中的作用和地位.方法回顾性分析1999年1月至2005年2月完成的9 2例原发性肝癌肝移植患者的临床资料.结果原发性肝癌肝移植92例,根据国际抗癌协会的国际癌症病期分类（TNM）,Ⅰ期8例,ChildPugh均为A级;Ⅱ期13例,Child-Pugh A级11例、B级2例;Ⅲ期12例,Child-Pugh A级8例、B级3例、C级1例;Ⅳ期59例,Child-Pugh A级52例、B级5例、C级2例.手术成功75例,成功率81.5%,围手术期死亡17例,病死率18.5%.随访6～68个月,最短生存40 d,最长无瘤生存68个月,肿瘤最短51 d复发,生存时间3年以上的7例患者至今仍无瘤生存.Ⅰ期：1年生存者5例,2年生存者3例,3年生存者2例,5年生存者1例;Ⅱ期：1年生存者6例,2年生存者2例,3年生存者2例;Ⅲ期：1年生存者3例,无生存超过2年者;Ⅳ期：1年生存者18例,2年生存者5例,3年生存者3例,5年生存者1例.Ⅰ、Ⅱ期的生存率显著高于Ⅲ、Ⅳ期.术后出现原发性肝癌复发35例,总复发率为46.7%.Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ期的复发率分别为12.5%、0、50.0%和47.5%,Ⅲ、Ⅳ期的复发率明显高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ期.结论不同期原发性肝癌肝移植术后的生存情况差别较大,肝移植治疗早期原发性肝癌效果显著,进展期原发性肝癌由于移植效果差应持慎重态度.