慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者死亡危险因素队列研究的系统综述和荟萃分析

目的 系统评价慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD)患者死亡危险因素。方法 检索PubMed、Cochrane Library、Web of Science、Embase、中国知网、维普网、万方数据知识服务平台和中国生物医学文献数据库有关COPD患者死亡危险因素的研究,再筛选文献、提取数据和质量评价,并进行荟萃分析。结果 纳入15篇队列研究,纽卡斯尔-渥太华(Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, NOS)量表评分7～9分。荟萃分析结果显示：高龄(HR=1.074, 95%CI:1.048～1.101,P<0.001)、吸烟(HR=1.390, 95%CI:1.298～1.490,P<0.001)、低BMI(HR=1.434, 95%CI:1.190～1.727,P<0.001)、高改良英国医学研究学会呼吸困难指数(modified British medical research council, mMRC)(HR=1.597, 95%CI:1.550～1.646,P<0.001)、高...     

Risk factors for cancer-specific survival in elderly gastric cancer patients after curative gastrectomy

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESThis study aimed to investigate cancer-specific survival (CSS) and associated risk factors in elderly gastric cancer (EGC) patients.SUBJECTS/METHODSEGC patients (≥ 70 yrs) who underwent curative gastrectomy between January 2013 and December 2017 at our hospital were included. Clinicopathologic characteristics and survival data were collected. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to extract the best cutoff point for body mass index (BMI). A Cox proportional hazards model was used to determine the risk factors for CSS.RESULTSIn total, 290 EGC patients were included, with a median age of 74.7 yrs. The median follow-up time was 31 (1–77) mon. The postoperative 1-yr, 3-yr and 5-yr CSS rates were 93.7%, 75.9% and 65.1%, respectively. Univariate analysis revealed risk factors for CSS, including age (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.08; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01–1.15), intensive care unit (ICU) admission (HR = 1.73; 95% CI, 1.08–2.79), nutritional risk screening (NRS 2002) score ≥ 5 (HR = 2.33; 95% CI, 1.49–3.75), and preoperative prognostic nutrition index score < 45 (HR = 2.06; 95% CI, 1.27–3.33). The ROC curve showed that the best BMI cutoff value was 20.6 kg/m². Multivariate analysis indicated that a BMI ≤ 20.6 kg/m² (HR = 2.30; 95% CI, 1.36–3.87), ICU admission (HR = 1.97; 95% CI, 1.17–3.30) and TNM stage (stage II: HR = 5.56; 95% CI, 1.59–19.43; stage III: HR = 16.20; 95% CI, 4.99–52.59) were significantly associated with CSS.CONCLUSIONSLow BMI (≤ 20.6 kg/m²), ICU admission and advanced pathological TNM stages (II and III) are independent risk factors for CSS in EGC patients after curative gastrectomy. Nutrition support, better perioperative management and early diagnosis would be helpful for better survival.     

Hypermetabolism predicts reduced transplant-free survival independent of MELD and Child-Pugh scores in liver cirrhosis

OBJECTIVE: A subgroup of cirrhotic patients develop hypermetabolism, possibly mediated by increased sympathetic nervous system activity and increased cardiac output. The effect of hypermetabolism on prognosis in patients with cirrhosis has not been elucidated. METHODS: Resting energy expenditure (REE) was measured using indirect calorimetry in 256 cirrhotic patients with different etiologies and disease severity (165 men, 91 women; median age 49 y, age range 16-73 y; median model for end-stage liver disease [MELD] score 13, range 6-36; median Child-Pugh score 8, range 5-15). Measured and predicted values were compared using equations based on fat-free mass, total body protein (measured by neutron activation analysis), and the Harris-Benedict equations. Competing-risks Cox's proportional hazards analysis was performed to evaluate the influence of hypermetabolism and MELD or Child-Pugh scores on risk of death or liver transplantation. RESULTS: Median follow-up was 49 mo (range 1-90 mo). Hypermetabolic patients had decreased transplant-free survival compared with non-hypermetabolic patients (9.7 versus 31.8 mo, P = 0.05). Increased REE, even within the normal range, was also associated with worse transplant-free survival (P = 0.001). Hypermetabolism was predictive of transplant-free survival independent of MELD and Child-Pugh scores (hazard ratio 1.19, 95% confidence interval 1.08-1.32, P = 0.0008; hazard ratio 1.13, 95% confidence interval 1.10-1.16, P < 0.0001; hazard ratio 1.38, 95% confidence interval 1.29-1.48, P < 0.0001; respectively). Patients on beta-blockers were more likely to be normometabolic (P = 0.035). CONCLUSION: We found an inverse relation between REE and transplant-free survival in a large heterogeneous group of cirrhotic patients.     

冠心病合并心力衰竭患者再住院影响因素的多水平模型

  目的  构建多水平Cox回归模型,分析冠心病合并心力衰竭患者再住院的影响因素。  方法  2014年1月-2017年12月在山西省两所三甲医院连续入选符合标准的1 433例冠心病合并心衰的住院患者。记录患者住院的病历资料（包括基线资料、检查及治疗情况等）并对其进行随访,中位随访期为23个月。应用单因素Cox回归分析及多因素Cox回归分析对自变量进行筛选;采用两水平Cox回归模型进行影响因素的分析。  结果  研究对象中的436（30.4%）例患者发生了再住院,两水平Cox回归分析结果显示高龄（HR=1.010,95%CI:1.001~1.019,P=0.032）、男性（HR=1.234,95%CI:1.009~1.509,P=0.040）、体力劳动（HR=1.458,95%CI:1.036~2.050,P=0.030）、市医保（HR=1.513,95%CI:1.120~2.043,P=0.007）、QRS波间期延长（HR=1.004,95%CI:1.001~1.008,P=0.018）是冠心病合并心力衰竭患者再住院的独立危险因素;高尿比重（HR=0.000,95%CI:0.000~0.059,P=0.021）为冠心病合并心衰患者再住院的保护因素。  结论  年龄、性别、职业、市医保、QRS间期及尿比重是冠心病合并心衰患者再住院的影响因素;加强临床护理监测和完善社会保障制度可以减少患者再住院的发生。     

Invasive aspergillosis in critically ill patients: attributable mortality and excesses in length of ICU stay and ventilator dependence

Invasive aspergillosis is a rare disease in intensive care unit (ICU) patients and carries a poor prognosis. The aim of the present study was to determine the attributable mortality due to invasive aspergillosis in critically ill patients. In a retrospective, matched cohort study (July 1997-December 1999), 37 ICU patients with invasive aspergillosis were identified together with 74 control patients. Matching of control (1:2) patients was based on the acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) II classification: an equal APACHE II score (+/-1 point) and diagnostic category. This matching procedure results in an equal expected in-hospital mortality for cases and controls. Additionally, control patients were required to have an ICU stay equivalent to or longer than the case before the first culture positive for Aspergillus spp. Patients with invasive aspergillosis were more likely to experience acute renal failure (43.2% versus 20.5%; P = 0.020). They also had a longer ICU stay (median: 13 days versus seven days; P < 0.001) as well as a more extended period of mechanical ventilator dependency (median: 13 days versus four days; P < 0.001). Hospital mortalities for cases and controls were 75.7% versus 56.8%, respectively (P=0.051). The attributable mortality was 18.9% (95% CI: 1.1-36.7). A multivariate survival analysis showed invasive aspergillosis [hazard ratio (HR): 1.9, 95% CI: 1.2-3.0; P = 0.004] and acute respiratory failure (HR: 6.5, 95%: 1.4-29.3; P < 0.016) to be independently associated with in-hospital mortality. In conclusion, it was found that invasive aspergillosis in ICU patients carries a significant attributable mortality of 18.9%. In a multivariate analysis, adjusting for other co-morbidity factors, invasive aspergillosis was recognized as an independent predictor of mortality.     

Associations of body fat and its changes over time with quality of life and prospective mortality in hemodialysis patients

BACKGROUND: In maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients, a larger body size is associated with better survival but a worse self-reported quality of life (QoL). It is not clear whether muscle mass or body fat confers the survival advantage. OBJECTIVE: We hypothesized that both a low baseline body fat percentage and a loss of fat over time were independently associated with higher mortality but with a better QoL score. DESIGN: In 535 adult MHD patients, body fat was measured directly with the use of near infrared interactance and QoL was measured with a Short Form 36 questionnaire. The patients were followed for < or =30 mo. RESULTS: Across four 12% increments of body fat at baseline, the reported QoL scores were progressively lower (P < 0.01). After a multivariate adjustment for demographics and surrogates of muscle mass and inflammation (ie, midarm muscle circumference, serum creatinine, and proinflammatory cytokines), 46 patients with body fat of <12% had a death hazard ratio (HR) 4 times that of 199 patients with body fat content between 24% and 36% (HR: 4.01; 95% CI: 1.61, 9.99; P = 0.003). In 411 MHD patients whose body fat was remeasured after 6 mo, a fat loss (< or =-1%) was associated with a death risk 2 times that of patients who gained fat (> or =1%) after a multivariate adjustment (HR: 2.06; 95% CI: 1.05, 4.05; P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: A low baseline body fat percentage and fat loss over time are independently associated with higher mortality in MHD patients even after adjustment for demographics and surrogates of muscle mass and inflammation, whereas a tendency toward a worse QoL is reported by MHD patients with a higher body fat percentage. Obesity management in dialysis patients may need reconsideration.     

Prognostic Value of Scores Based on Malnutrition or Systemic Inflammatory Response in Patients With Metastatic or Recurrent Gastric Cancer

Cancer patients are frequently affected by malnutrition and weight loss, which affects their prognosis, length of hospital stay, health care costs, quality of life and survival. Our aim was to assess the prognostic value of different scores based on malnutrition or systemic inflammatory response in 91 metastatic or recurrent gastric cancer patients considered for palliative chemotherapy at the Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute. We investigated their overall survival according to the following measures: Onodera's Prognostic Nutritional Index (OPNI), Glasgow Prognostic Score (GPS), nutritional risk indicator (NRI), Cancer Cachexia Study Group (CCSG), as previously defined, and a simple preadmission weight loss. The OPNI, GPS, and CCSG provided very significant prognostic values for survival (log-rank test P value < 0.001). For example, the median survival for patients with GPS 0 was 12.3 mo [95% confidence interval (CI): 7.7–16.7], whereas the median survival for patients with GPS 2 was only 2.9 mo (95% CI: 1.9–4.8). A significantly worse survival of malnourished patients was also suggested by a multivariate model. The values of GPS, OPNI, and CCSG represent useful tools for the evaluation of patients’ prognosis and should be part of a routine evaluation of patients to provide a timely nutrition support.     

Infectious etiology modifies the treatment effect of zinc in severe pneumonia

BACKGROUND: Zinc is undergoing evaluation as an inexpensive therapeutic adjuvant for severe pediatric pneumonia. OBJECTIVE: We explored the effect of etiology on the treatment effect of zinc in young children hospitalized for severe pneumonia. DESIGN: We analyzed data from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial conducted at the Christian Medical College Hospital, a teaching hospital in Tamilnadu, India. Children aged 2-23 mo (n = 299) were randomly assigned to receive a 10-mg tablet of zinc sulfate or placebo twice a day during hospitalization. The primary outcomes were length of hospitalization and time to resolution of severe pneumonia stratified by etiologic classification on the basis of serum C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations at admission. RESULTS: CRP concentrations were available for 295 (98.7%) of the enrolled cases. Of these 295 cases, 223 (75.6%) were classified as suspected nonbacterial pneumonias (CRP concentrations 40 mg/L), the median length of hospitalization was approximately 20 h longer in the zinc-supplemented group than in the placebo group (87.3 and 68.3 h, respectively; HR: 0.56; 95% CI: 0.34, 0.93; P = 0.025). The treatment effect was not modified in the suspected nonbacterial cases of pneumonia. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that the treatment effect of zinc for severe pediatric pneumonia may be modified by bacterial infection. Further studies are required to develop appropriate recommendations for the use of zinc in the treatment of severe pneumonia. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00198666.     

血清C反应蛋白和遗传风险在恶性肿瘤发病中的联合作用

  目的  探讨血清C反应蛋白(C-reactive protein, CRP)和遗传风险在恶性肿瘤发病中的联合作用。  方法  基于英国生物样本库(UK Biobank, UKB)以及前期已构建的全恶性肿瘤多基因遗传风险评分(cancer polygenic risk score, CPRS),将研究对象分为高、中、低三个遗传风险组,同时按照血清CRP浓度的自然对数值大小将研究对象分为高、中、低三个水平组。采用Cox比例风险模型,分析不同遗传风险组中,血清CRP水平与恶性肿瘤发病风险的关联。  结果  共纳入420 940位研究对象,包括男性192 942名(45.84%),女性227 998名(54.16%)。血清CRP水平与多种恶性肿瘤的发病风险均存在统计学关联,随着血清CRP水平的升高,男性和女性整体恶性肿瘤的发病风险均增加(男性:HR=1.09, 95% CI: 1.07~1.11; 女性:HR=1.09, 95% CI: 1.07~1.11);在低遗传风险组中,高水平CRP与恶性肿瘤发病风险关联效应更强(男性:HR=1.38;女性:HR=1.46);在高遗传风险组中,高水平CRP与恶性肿瘤发病风险关联效应较弱(男性:HR=1.07;女性:HR=1.17),呈负向交互作用。  结论  高血清CRP水平可增加恶性肿瘤发病风险,其在低遗传风险人群中可能具有更强的效应。     

Association of nutrition parameters including bioelectrical impedance and systemic inflammatory response with quality of life and prognosis in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: a prospective study

Early identification and treatment of nutritional deficiencies can lead to improved outcomes in the quality of life (QoL) and survival of patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Noninvasive techniques are needed to evaluate changes in body composition as part of determining nutritional status. The aim of the study was to evaluate the association of nutritional parameters in health-related quality of life (HRQL) and survival in patients with advanced NSCLC. Chemotherapy-na?ve patients with advanced NSCLC with good performance status Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) 0-2 were included prospectively in the study. We evaluated inflammatory parameters such as C-reactive protein, platelet/lymphocyte index, neutrophil/lymphocyte index, serum interleukin (IL)-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α, and nutritional variables such as body mass index (BMI) and serum albumin levels. Bioelectrical impedance analysis including phase angle was obtained before cisplatin-based chemotherapy was started. HRQL was assessed by application of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (QLQ)-C30 and QLQ-LC13 instruments at baseline. Overall survival (OS) was calculated with the Kaplan-Meier method and analyzed with log-rank and Cox proportional hazard models. One hundred nineteen patients were included. Mean BMI was 24.8 ± 4.5 kg/m(2), average weight loss of patients was 8.4%, and median phase angle was 5.8°. Malnutrition measured by subjective global assessment (SGA), weight loss >10%, BMI >20 was associated with lower HRQL scales. Patients with ECOG 2, high content serum IL-6, lower phase angle, and malnutrition parameters showed lower OS; however, after multivariate analysis, only ECOG 2 [Hazard ratio (HR), 2.7; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.5-4.7; P = 0.001], phase angle ≤5.8° (HR = 3.02; 95% CI: 1.2-7.11; P = 0.011), and SGA (HR = 2.7; 95% CI, 1.31-5.5; P = 0.005) were associated with poor survival. Patients were divided into low-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups according to regression coefficients; OS at 1 yr was 78.4, 53, and 13.8%, respectively. Malnutrition is associated with low HRQL and is an independent prognostic factor in advanced NSCLC. The results warrant prospective trials to evaluate the impact of different nutritional interventions on HRQL and survival.     

影响冠心病患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术后死亡率的危险因素分析

目的 分析影响经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI）术后死亡的危险因素。方法 选取2006年1月1日~2011年6月30日初次在北京大学人民医院、北京东直门中医院、沧州市中心医院和洛阳市中心医院4家医院接受PCI治疗并置入药物洗脱支架的冠心病患者为研究对象,对其术后死亡率以及影响死亡率的相关因素进行分析。结果 共随访患者3 511人（85.4%）,PCI术后死亡率是4.6%（161/3 511）,多因素分析结果显示:年龄（HR=1.086,95%CI:1.059~1.113,P<0.001）、糖尿病（HR=1.807,95%CI:1.205~2.709,P=0.004）、吸烟（HR=1.873,95%CI:1.205~2.709,P=0.002）、贫血（HR=1.909,95%CI:1.266~2.879,P=0.002）、左心射血分数<50%（HR=2.546,95%CI:1.558~4.162,P<0.001）和双联抗血小板治疗（dual antiplatelet therapy,DAPT）时间<1年（HR=0.029,95%CI:0.013~0.067,P<0.001）与患者PCI术后死亡率相关。结论 年龄、糖尿病、吸烟、贫血、心功能不良和DAPT时间<1年是影响冠心病患者PCI术后死亡率的危险因素,应该给予重视和合理干预。     

低镁血症与维持性血液透析患者死亡的相关性

目的 研究血清镁（Mg2+）与维持性血液透析（maintenance hemodialysis,MHD）患者全因死亡及心血管疾病（cardiovascular diseases,CVD）死亡之间的关系。方法 选取446名某科进行MHD治疗的患者为研究对象,记录其基线资料,并进行为期3年的随访。以Mg2+中位数（0.865 mmol/L）为界值,将其分为高镁组（Mg2+≥0.865 mmol/L）和低镁组（Mg2+＜0.865 mmol/L）。采用Kaplan-Meier生存曲线比较2组患者的生存率,利用COX回归模型分析患者全因死亡及CVD死亡的危险因素。结果 Kaplan－Meier生存曲线显示,高镁组患者的生存率显著高于低镁组患者(P＜0.05)。多因素Cox回归分析显示,以低镁组为参照,高镁组是MHD患者全因死亡（HR = 0.226,95%CI:0.072～0.705,P = 0.010）、CVD死亡（HR = 0.327,95%CI:0.119～0.895,P = 0.029）的保护因素。结论 血清镁与MHD患者的全因死亡及CVD死亡风险相关,可作为评估MHD患者死亡风险的有价值指标之一。     

血小板与性别的交互作用对食管鳞癌根治术患者预后的影响

目的 探讨血小板(platelets, PLT)对食管鳞癌(esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, ESCC)根治术患者预后的影响及其与性别、年龄间的交互作用。方法 选取2014年2月1日―2018年11月30日582例符合入组标准的ESCC患者进行回顾性分析。Kaplan-Meier法用于绘制生存曲线并行log-rank检验。运用Cox比例风险回归模型进行多因素分析,计算总生存时间(overall survival, OS)、无病生存时间(disease free survival, DFS)的危险系数(hazard ratios, HR)及其95%CI。结果 PLT仅与性别存在交互作用(HR=2.417, 95%CI:1.150～5.078,P=0.018)。分层分析显示,男性PLT增多组的死亡风险是PLT正常组的1.713倍(HR=1.713, 95%CI:1.203～2.441,P=0.003);女性PLT增多组与PLT正常组预后差异无统计学意义(HR=0.590, 95%CI:0.299～1.165,P=0.129)。结论 PLT与性别对ESC...     

Long-term predictors of death among Tunisian patients presenting fornon ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome

Background. Coronary artery disease is the leading cause of death in emerging countries. Contemporary data about clinical profile and prognosis in Tunisian patients presenting for non ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS) are lacking. Aim. We sought to study the risk profile and 3-year mortality predictors in Tunisian patients presenting for NSTE-ACS in the contemporary setting. Methods. In this single center study, data about all consecutive patients presenting to our center for NSTE-ACS from April 2014 to July 2016 were extracted and outcomes exhaustively updated. 3-year mortality predictors were determined by multivariable survival analysis. Results. A total of 340 patients were included, of which 204 (61.8%) were male. Mean age was 63.6 ± 10.3 years. Prevalence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension and smoking was 57.3%, 62.4%, and 45.3%, respectively. In-hospital, 6, 12 and 36-month mortality rate was 2.3%, 3.2%, 7.1% and 15.2%, respectively. In multivariable survival analysis, independent predictors of death were age >75 (HR=5.45, 95% CI: 2.9-10.03, p<0.001), ST-segment deviation (HR=1.86, 95% CI: 1.04-3.33, p=0.036), anemia (HR=2.56, 95% CI: 1.41-4.67, p=0.002), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <40% (HR=3.5, 95% CI: 1.84-6.67, p<0.001) and a Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) score ≥140 (HR=2.38, 95% CI: 1.02-5.57, p=0.044) Conclusion. In Tunisian patients presenting for NSTE-ACS, long-term mortality was high. Advanced age, ST-segment deviation, anemia, LVEF <40% and a GRACE score ≥140 were independent long-term predictors of death.     

Body shape index and mortality in hemodialysis patients

ObjectiveThe relationship between various anthropometric parameters and mortality in hemodialysis (HD) patients is conflicting. Recently a new anthropometric parameter emerged, namely, body shape index (BSI). BSI is based on waist circumference (WC) but is independent of height, weight, and body mass index in predicting mortality in the general population. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between BSI and mortality in HD patients.MethodsThis retrospective study evaluated the demographic characteristics and anthropometric measures including BSI, laboratory parameters, and mortality data in HD patients in a single center.ResultsThere were 142 HD patients enrolled in the study. The median BSI was 0.0816. Because no normal value was defined for BSI, the patients were divided into two groups based on the median BSI: group 1 BSI < 0.0816 and group 2 BSI > 0.0816. During an average follow-up period of 40.1 ± 19.2 mo (range 12–88 mo), 36 (25.4%) patients had died. The Cox regression analysis of independence showed that increased age (hazard ratio [HR], 1.077, 95% confidence interval [CI],1.031–1.125; P = 0.001), presence of diabetes (HR, 2.855, 95% CI, 1.258–6.481; P = 0.012), hemoglobin (HR, 0.629, 95% CI, 0.452–0.875; P = 0.006), and albumin (HR, 0.442, 95% CI, 0.204–0.955; P = 0.038) were independently related with mortality. None of the anthropometric parameters including BSI were related with mortality. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that there were no differences with respect to mortality among patients in group 1 and group 2 based on median BSI (P = 0.332, log-rank test).ConclusionIn conclusion, BSI is not independently associated with mortality in HD patients.     

柳州市2005-2020年新发HIV感染者疾病进展及其影响因素

目的 了解柳州市新发HIV感染者进展为AIDS的进程,探讨可能影响疾病进展的因素.方法 采用回顾性队列研究方法,从艾滋病综合防治信息系统查询柳州市2005年1月1日—2020年12月31日新报告且接受高效抗逆转录病毒治疗(highly active anti-retroviral therapy,HAART)的HIV感...     

食管鳞状细胞癌术后患者预后预测列线图的建立

目的 通过对食管鳞状细胞癌（esophageal squamous cell carcinoma,ESCC）患者的术后随访,寻找影响其生存的预后因素,建立ESCC手术患者生存时间的预测列线图。方法 回顾性分析2005-2011年间在福建省漳州市医院接受手术治疗的338例ESCC患者的临床资料,利用Cox回归模型对ESCC手术患者的预后因素进行分析,进而构建ESCC术后患者预后预测列线图模型。结果 338例ESCC术后患者中位生存时间是27.30月（95%CI:22.84~31.76）,在Cox多因素回归分析中,淋巴结转移、肿瘤长度、侵润程度、年龄是影响ESCC术后患者预后的独立危险因素,且差异均具有统计学意义（均有P<0.05）,而淋巴结转移是影响ESCC术后患者预后最重要的危险因素（HR=4.322,95%CI:3.296~5.844,P=0.001）。预测食管鳞癌术后患者预后列线图一致性指数（C-index）为0.74（95%CI:0.72~0.76,P<0.001）。结论 根据淋巴结转移、肿瘤长度、侵润程度等4个临床资料建立的预测ESCC术后患者生存率的列线图有助于临床医生对术后患者预后进行个体化的预测,有助于选择适当的治疗方法。     

Dietary fat, fiber, vegetable, and micronutrients are associated with overall survival in postmenopausal women diagnosed with breast cancer

Relatively few studies have assessed the relationship between dietary intakes and survival after breast cancer diagnosis. We investigated the influence of diet, including dietary fat (percentage energy), fiber, vegetable, and fruit intakes, and micronutrients (folate, carotenoids, and vitamin C) on overall survival in women diagnosed with breast cancer. Subjects were postmenopausal women diagnosed with breast cancer (N = 516) between 1994 and 1995 with a mean survival time of 80 mo (SD: 18). Subjects completed a food frequency questionnaire for the year prior to diagnosis. Cox proportional hazards models were used to measure the relationship between dietary intakes and death due to any cause after breast cancer diagnosis. In the multivariate analysis, we found that the hazard ratio [HR and 95% confidence interval (CI)] of dying in the highest tertile compared to the lowest tertile of total fat, fiber, vegetable, and fruit was 3.12 (95% CI = 1.79-5.44), 0.48 (95% CI = 0.27-0.86), 0.57 (95% CI = 0.35-0.94), and 0.63 (95% CI = 0.38-1.05), respectively (P 相似文献   

The relationship between serum albumin and hydration status in hemodialysis patients.

OBJECTIVE: A decreased serum albumin level predicts poor survival in end-stage renal failure. Hypoalbuminemia is multifactorial and related to poor nutrition, inflammation, and comorbid disease. Overhydration is also common in renal replacement therapy patients, and hemodilution may also contribute to a low serum albumin level. DESIGN: Crosssectional observational study. SETTING: Outpatient hemodialysis unit of a district general hospital. SUBJECTS: We investigated the relationship of serum albumin to C-reactive protein (CRP) and hydration state in 49 unselected hemodialysis patients (28 men). METHODS: Patients were assessed predialysis and postdialysis at their clinical dry weight. Extracellular fluid volume (Vecf) and total body water (Vtbw) were estimated by whole-body bioelectric impedance. Vecf was expressed as a percentage of Vtbw (Vecf%Vtbw). Predialysis CRP, predialysis and postdialysis serum albumin, and body weight were measured. Normalized protein catabolic rate (nPCR) and KT/V urea were calculated. RESULTS: Predialysis and postdialysis serum albumin levels were 36.9 g/L (95% CI, 35.7 and 38.1) and 41.4 g/L (95% CI, 39.7 and 43.3), respectively (P <.0001). Mean weight change was 2.0 +/- 1.2 kg. Predialysis and postdialysis serum albumin levels were negatively correlated with CRP (before: r = -0.393, P <.005; after: r = -0.445, P =.001) and positively with nPCR (before: r = 0.336, P =.018; after: r = 0.353, P =.013). Predialysis serum albumin level correlated with predialysis Vecf%Vtbw (r = -0.384, P =.006) and postdialysis serum albumin level with postdialysis Vecf%Vtbw (r = -0.654, P <.0001). In multivariate analysis, predialysis albumin was dependent on nPCR (P =.04), CRP (P <.0001), and predialysis Vecf%Vtbw (P =.002), and postdialysis albumin was dependent on nPCR (P =.01), CRP (P =.002), and postdialysis Vecf%Vtbw (both P <.0001). The increase in albumin was strongly correlated with both change in actual weight (r = -0.651, P <.0001) and change in Vecf%Vtbw (r = -0.684, P <.0001). CONCLUSION: In unselected hemodialysis patients, serum albumin level is dependent on nPCR, CRP, and extracellular fluid volume. This relationship persists after dialysis, suggesting that many patients remain fluid overloaded at their postdialysis dry weight.     

Self-reported health-related quality of life predicts survival for patients with advanced gastric cancer treated with first-line chemotherapy

Purpose To determine whether patients’ self-reported quality-of-life (QOL) parameters could predict survival for patients with advanced gastric cancer (AGC) treated with first-line chemotherapy, we performed this analysis based on the data obtained from 254 patients enrolled in three consecutive prospective randomized trials at a single institution. Methods Consenting patients with AGC received first-line chemotherapy as specified in the protocols. QOL was assessed at baseline using the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) QLQ-C30 questionnaires. Baseline univariate and multivariate analyses were performed on the QOL data and the recognized clinical predictors for survival. Results Of 254 patients, 164 completed the QOL questionnaire at baseline. All patients received fluorouracil-containing first-line chemotherapy for AGC. With 88% observed deaths and a reported median survival of 9.5 months [95% confidence interval (CI) 8.8–10.2 months], there were no significant differences in survival between patients with or without QOL data. The final Cox multivariate model revealed four prognostic factors: age [hazard ratio (HR) 2.08, 95% CI 1.32–3.33, P = 0.002], bone metastasis (HR 2.70, 95% CI 1.30–5.56, P = 0.008), hemoglobin (HR 0.58, 95% CI 0.37–0.92, P = 0.020), and social functioning (HR 0.40, 95% CI 0.23–0.64, P = 0.001). When adjusting for clinical parameters, social functioning was an independently significant prognostic factor for longer survival. Conclusion Baseline social functioning, along with age, presence of bone metastasis, and baseline hemoglobin level, independently predicts survival of AGC patients treated with first-line chemotherapy. QOL assessment should be routinely included to provide useful prognostic information concerning AGC patients.