门静脉高压症全脾或大部脾切除术后再出血的问题

目前外科治疗门静脉高压症的术式繁多,诸如各种分流术,断流术,联合性手术(分流加断流术)以及单纯性睥切除术等。其主要目的是处理食管胃底曲张静脉破裂出血和脾肿大、脾功能亢进等,而对引起门静脉高压症的基础病变肝硬化无直接治疗作用。因而,各种手术虽然在控制、预防门静脉高压食管静脉曲张出血中取得了一定的疗效,但并不令人满意,其术     

经颈静脉肝内门体静脉分流术对脾切除术后门静脉高压患者治疗的有效性与安全性

目的:分析经颈静脉肝内门体静脉分流术(transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt,TIPS)对行脾切除术后的门静脉高压治疗的有效性与安全性.方法:选取2005年5月至2010年5月于空军总医院放射介入科接受TIPS治疗的68名行脾切除术的门静脉高压患者为病例组,以同期接受TIPS治疗的未行脾切除术的门静脉高压患者68例为对照组,分析比较两组患者的手术成功率、治疗前后肝功能、血小板及门静脉压力的变化情况,并记录两组患者不良事件的发生情况.结果:病例组TIPS成功率为97.06％(66/68),对照组TIPS成功率为100％(68/68),两组比较差异无统计学意义(x2=0.04,P=0.15);两组患者手术前、后肝功能及血小板计数比较差异无统计学意义;病例组与对照组术后PLT计数分别降至45.4±8.6,59.4±15.8,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);病例组术后ALB降至29.8±6.3,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);两组患者手术前后门静脉压力比较无统计学差异,术后病例组与对照组分别降至27.3±5.4,28.5±4.3,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);随访观察12～60个月,病例组分流道失效率病例组高于对照组(22.73％ vs.8.82％,P=0.04),再出血率及肝性脑病发生率比较,差异无统计学意义.结论:已行脾断流术的患者接受TIPS治疗,仍可获得满意的临床疗效,但术后发生分流道失效的风险较高,因此临床应用时应注意前瞻性预防,以获得较满意的效益安全比.     

门静脉高压症血液动力学研究

在接受门奇断流手术的门静脉高压症患者中 ,我们测量了自由门静脉压力 (FPP)、脏侧闭塞门静脉压力 (SOPP)、平均动脉压力 (Pa)和肝外门体分流率 (PSS)。其结果是 :断流术后FPP下降 0 .4 9± 0 .6 9(SD)kPa(P <0 .0 0 5) ,从术前的 3.86± 0 .70kPa降至 3.37± 0 .93kPa ;SOPP增加了 1.0 3± 1.0 3kPaP <0 .0 0 0 5) ,从术前的 5.4 9± 1.0 6kPa增至 6 .52± 1.4 5kPa ;Pa仅增加 0 .2 7± 1.80kPa ,无统计学意义 (P >0 .2 5) ;PSS减少了 2 5.1± 13.5%(P <0 .0 0 0 5) ,从术前的 57.6± 15.2 %降至32 .5± 16 .1%,表明门奇断流术阻断了这部分经门体交通支分流的血流量 ,使其转向肝脏 ,有利于术后肝脏功能的维护。     

门静脉内皮细胞损伤与门静脉高压症相互关系的研究

采用Masson三色染色法,辅以形态学观察,研究肝硬变病人(n=30)肝内外门静脉的内皮细胞变化。发现血管内皮细胞有明显损伤,伴血栓形成及管壁结构改建。提示血管内皮细胞损伤与门静脉高压症有密切关系。     

门静脉高压症外科治疗的新进展

门静脉高压症(PHT)是一组由门静脉系统血流动力学异常和压力持久增高而引起的综合证,是涉及全身多脏器,多系统     

门静脉高压症经颈静脉肝内门体分流术(TIPS)血液动力学分析

经颈静脉肝内门体分流术（TIPS）是治疗门静脉高压症的有效手术之一。本文提出了一个集中参数模型对TIPS进行血液动力学分析。首先根据门脉高压的前向血流学说和后向血流学说，计算了门静脉系统血液动力学参数，然后计算了TIPS术后门静脉系统血液动力学参数的变化，并详细分析讨论了这些血液动力学参数随肝硬变梗阻程度的变化，以及TIPS分流道阻力对它们的影响。结果表明所得结果和临床所测参数吻合较好，该模型可进一步应用于门脉高压症和其它分流术血液动力学机理研究，并为临床应用提供参考。     

肝前性门静脉高压症的诊断和治疗

目的 :探讨肝前性门静脉高压症的临床特点、诊断和治疗方法的选择。方法 :经造影和手术发现非肝硬化性门静脉纤维化 3例 ,肝外门静脉阻塞 9例 ,临床表现除具有与肝硬化门静脉高压症相似表现外 ,尚具有年龄轻 ,肝功能化验正常等特点。治疗采用门静脉隔膜切除 1例 ,自体血管搭桥 1例 ,肠腔分流 3例 ,脾切除、脾肾分流 7例。结果 :1例死亡 ,11例治愈 ,随访 6月～ 70个月 ,再次出血 1例。结论 :肝前性门静脉高压症与其他类型的门静脉高压症在临床表现方面有许多不同之处。分流手术可作为基本手术     

断分流联合术治疗门脉高压症117例分析

目的　探讨断分流联合术对门脉高压症的疗效。方法　总结 1989至 2 0 0 1年采用断分流联合术治疗的 117例门脉高压的疗效与经验。结果　所有患者肝功能均为childA～B级 ,均为择期手术 ,术前FPP为 ( 2 93± 0 3 1)kPa ,无一例手术死亡。术后随访 96例 ,再出血 8例 ,肝性脑病 16例 ,总病死率 13 67%。结论　断分流联合术综合了断流和分流的优点 ,是目前治疗肝功能A、B级门脉高压症的理想术式 ,但在治疗中须注意防止两种术式缺点的叠加作用     

手术治疗胆石症合并门静脉高压症的体会

肝硬化是一种常见的慢性肝脏疾病 ,在肝硬化病人中 ,胆囊结石的发生率高出正常人群 2～ 5倍[1 ] 。在肝硬化伴有门静脉高压合并胆石症时 ,行胆囊切除极易发生大出血及其它并发症。我院在 1998年至 2 0 0 3年期间手术治疗胆石症合并门静脉高压病人 34例 ,现就胆囊切除时发生大出血及其它并发症探讨如下。1　资料与方法1.1　临床资料本组患者 34例 ,男 2 4例 ,女 10例。年龄 45～ 71岁 ,平均5 2岁。全部均为胆囊结石或胆道结石。术前发现肝硬化伴门静脉高压 2 7例 ,另有 7例术前未能查出门静脉高压。术前一周内按 1983年在武汉制定的分级标准…     

腹腔镜下脾切除加门奇静脉断流治疗门静脉高压症复发性上消化道出血的疗效观察

目的:观察腹腔镜下脾切除术加门奇静脉断流治疗门静脉高压症复发性上消化道出血的疗效.方法:回顾性分析2018年1月至2020年1月于我院就诊的110例门静脉高压症食管胃底静脉曲张破裂复发出血患者临床资料,根据手术入路方式的不用,将患者分为观察组55例(通过腹腔镜入路)和对照组55例(开腹手术),对比观察组和对照组患者的术...     

Portal hypertension in Nairobi, Kenya

Previous reports have suggested that idiopathic portal hypertension, a condition quite distinct from tropical splenomegaly syndrome, occurs in Kenya. In the present study patients with oesophageal varices were allocated to diagnostic groups on the basis of liver histology and results of splenoportovenography , and these groups were then compared for prevalence of hepatitis B markers, immunoglobulin levels and results of enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) for S. mansoni infection. 85 patients with oesophageal varices were studied. 29.4% had histological evidence of Schistosoma mansoni infection, 20% had cirrhosis and in 25.9% liver histology was non-diagnostic and the portal vein was radiologically shown to be patent. A comparison of clinical findings, serological data and parasitological investigations suggested that this latter group was a distinct one, and did no result from failure of histological diagnosis of cirrhosis or schistosomiasis. It is likely that these patients had idiopathic portal hypertension. In 82 normal controls, the carrier rate of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was 12.2%, 59.8% had antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBs) and 7.3% showed antibody to core antigen (anti-HBc) as the only viral marker. 58.3% of the cirrhotics and 26.7% of patients with probable idiopathic portal hypertension were HbsAg positive. The implications of these results, and limited data on hepatitis Be antigen and antibody are discussed.     

Prognosis in treated hypertension

The aim of this study has been to demonstrate to what extent antihypertensive treatment reduces the survival gap between hypertensives and the general population. In 673 outpatients treated for arterial hypertension, the 10-year survival has been assessed by actuarial methods and compared with expected survival of a matched background population computed from the life tables of the Danish population. In primary hypertension WHO stage I, survival did not differ from that of the background population, a congruence which of course may be a mere chance but excludes any major difference. However, when severe organ involvement was present, as in WHO stage III and renal hypertension, treatment did not eliminate the survival gap. The survival rate did not differ between sexes or between patients with high and low body mass, but decreased with increasing age. Myocardial infarction was the most frequent single cause of death, whereas stroke accounted for less than 10% of all fatalities.     

Migration of the distal catheter of the ventriculoperitoneal shunt in hydrocephalus

There have been many reports on migration of the distal catheter of the ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) since this phenomenon was recognized 50 years ago. However, there have been no attempts to analyze its different patterns or to assess these patterns in terms of potential risk to patients. We comprehensively reviewed all reports of distal VPS catheter migration indexed in PubMed and identified three different anatomical patterns of migration based on catheter extension and organs involved: (1) internal, when the catheter invades any viscus inside the thoracic, abdominal, or pelvic cavity; (2) external, when the catheter penetrates through the body wall either incompletely (subcutaneously) or completely (outside the body); and (3) compound, when the catheter penetrates a hollow viscus and protrudes through a pre‐existing anatomical orifice. We also analyzed the association between each migration type and several key factors. External migration occurred mostly in infants. In contrast, internal migration occurred mostly in adults. A body wall weakness was not a risk factor for catheter protrusion. Shunt duration was a critical factor in the migration pattern, as most newly‐replaced shunts tended to migrate externally. Clinicians must pay close attention to cases of large bowel perforation, since they were most often associated with intracranial infections. The organ involved in compound migration could determine the route of extrusion, as the bowel was involved in all trans‐anal migrations and the stomach in most trans‐oral cases. Clin. Anat. 30:821–830, 2017. © 2017Wiley Periodicals, Inc.